Nanoparticle Characterization Methods and Its Importance in Ecotoxicity Experiments

Abstract

Nanotechnology is an important area of innovation, scientific and economic growth. However, nanoparticles may have harmful effects on human health and the environment. So far, despite the increased number of studies on the toxicity of nanoparticles, there is still a lack of quantitative ecotoxicity data. At least one dimension of Naparticles is ≤100 nm and can consist of very different base materials such as carbon, silicon and metals. The reactivity is high because about 40-50% of the atoms in the nanoparticle are on the surface. Accordingly, different biological effects are expected. Nanoparticles and nanoparticle aggregates should be characterized in detail in ecotoxicity assays. Because the environmental concentrations of nanoparticles change both the efficacy ratings and the exposure assessments. The structure of the surrounding nanoparticles and aggregate nanoparticles is of great importance to the properties of end products and their behavior in the environment. When measuring nanoparticles in different media, it is not enough to provide data on concentrations. It is also necessary to know the size distribution and physicochemical properties of nanoparticles. A single technique can not provide all of this information, so a different analytical technique is required. In this review, the significance of nanoparticle characterization in assessing nanoparticle toxicity is described. At the same time, the characterization of nanoparticles has been discussed in detail, taking into consideration the nanoparticle size and physicochemical properties, such as microscopic, chromatographic, spectroscopic methods, centrifugation and filtration techniques and other techniques.

Keywords

• ecotoxicity,characterization,nanoparticles,nanotoxicity,nanotoxicology

Nanopartikül Karakterizasyon Yöntemleri ve Ekotoksisite Deneylerindeki Önemi

Abstract

Nanoteknoloji önemli bir yenilikçi, bilimsel ve ekonomik büyüme alanıdır. Bununla birlikte, nanopartiküller insan sağlığı ve çevre üzerinde zararlı etkilere sahip olabilir. Şimdiye kadar, nanopartiküllerin toksisitesi üzerine artan sayıda çalışma yapılmasına rağmen hala niceliksel ekotoksisite veri eksikliği bulunmaktadır. Napartiküller en az bir boyutu ≤100 nm olup karbon, silikon ve metaller gibi çok farklı temel materyalden oluşabilir. Nanopartikül atomlarının yaklaşık % 40-50'si yüzeyde olmasından dolayı reaktivitesi yüksekdir. Buna bağlı olarak da farklı biyolojik etkiler göstermesi beklenmektedir. Ekotoksisite deneylerinde nanopartiküller ile nanopartikül agregatlarının ayrıntılı bir şekilde karakterize edilmesi gerekir. Çünkü, nanopartiküllerin çevresel konsantrasyonları hem etki derecelerini hem de maruz kalma değerlendirmelerini değiştirmektedir. Çevredeki nanopartiküller ile agregat nanopartiküllerinin yapısı son ürünlerin özellikleri ve ortamdaki davranışları üzerine büyük önem taşımaktadır. Farklı ortamlardaki nanopartikülleri ölçerken, konsantrasyonlarla ilgili veriler sağlamak tek başına yeterli değildir, aynı zamanda nanopartiküllerin boyut dağılımı ve fizikokimyasal özellikleri hakkında da bilgi gereklidir. Tek bir teknik bu bilgilerin hepsini sağlayamaz, bu nedenle farklı analitik teknikler gereklidir. Bu derlemede, nanopartikül toksisitesinin değerlendirilmesinde nanopartikül karakterizasyonun önemi açıklanmıştır. Aynı zamanda, nanopartiküllerin mikroskopik, kromatografik, spektroskopik yöntemler, santrifüjleme ve filtrasyon teknikleri ve diğer teknikler adı altında nanopartikül boyut ve fizikokimyasal özellikleri dikkate alınarak karakterizasyonu ayrıntılı olarak tartışılmıştır.

Keywords

• nanopartikül,karakteriasyon,ekotoksisite,nanotoksisite,nanotoksikoloji

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