Biyogazın Üretim ve Kullanım Aşamalarının Analizi

Abstract

-

Keywords

• Yenilenebilir Enerji,Sera Gazı Salınımının Engellenmesi

Production and Utilization Stage Analysis of Biogas: Case of IZAYDAS Plant

Abstract

This study investigates size and operating condition effects on energy production efficiency, greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation and economic potentials in production and utilization stages of a biogas system. In IZAYDAS plant, efficiencies of biogas production and electricity generation are found to be 28 % and 20 % independently from operating scheme, respectively.  When these results are compared to a small capacity plant without an automatic control keeping the biogas system at or close to favorable conditions for fermentation and a lower quality electricity generator, both biogas and electricity production efficiencies are found to be lower showing the importance of operating conditions and size on energy production efficiency. Organic waste processing is the major contributor to the GHG mitigation potential followed by fossil electricity and then chemical fertilizer replacement. Economically, liquid fertilizer is the major source of income due to its high amount followed by solid organic fertilizer and electricity sold to the grid. When different utilization paths are investigated for biogas, it is found that direct utilization of biogas has a higher GHG mitigation potential and favorable energetically.

Keywords

• Renewable Energy,Biogas production,GHG mitigation,Efficiency

References

1. [1] Deublein, D., Steinhauser, A. (2011). Biogas from waste and renewable resources. Weinheim, Germany. WILEY-VCH.
2. [2] Katuval, H., Bohara, A.K (2009). Biogas: A promising renewable technology and its impact on rural households in Nepal. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 13, 2668-2674.
3. [3] Abbas, A., Ali, G., Adil, S.A., Bashir, M.K., Kamran, M.A. (2017). Economic analysis of biogas adoption technology by rural farmers: The case of Faisalabad district in Pakistan. Renewable Energy 107, 431-439.
4. [4] Yasar, A., Nazir, S., Tabinda,A.B., Nazar, M., Rasheed, R., Afzaal, M. (2017a) Socio-economic, health and agriculture benefits of rural household biogas plants in energy scarce developing countries: A case study from Pakistan. Renewable Energy 108, 19-25.
5. [5] Holm-Nielsen, J.B., Saedi, T.A., Oleskowicz-Popiel, P. (2009) The future of anaerobic digestion and biogas utilization. Bioresource Technology 100, 5478–5484.
6. [6] Yasar, A., Rasheed, R., Tabinda, A.B., Tahir, A., Sarwar, F. (2017b) Life cycle assessment of a medium commercial scale biogas plant and nutritional assessment of effluent slurry. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 67, 364–371.
7. [7] Poschl, M., Ward, S., Owende, P. (2010). Evaluation of energy efficiency of various biogas production and utilization pathways. Applied Energy 87, 3305–3321.
8. [8] Bacenetti, J., Megri, M., Fiala, M,, Gonzalez-Garcia, S (2013). Anaerobic digestion of different feedstocks: Impact on energetic and environmental balances of biogas process. Science of the Total Environment 463–464, 541–551.

9. [9] Berlund, M., Borjesson, P. (2006). Assessment of energy performance in the life-cycle of biogas production. Biomass and Bioenergy 30, 254–266.
10. [10] Eriksson, O., Bisaillon, M., Haraldsson, M., Sunberg, J. (2016). Enhancement of biogas production from food waste and sewage sludge environmental and economic life cycle performance. Journal of Environmental Management 175, 33-39.
11. [11] Whiting, A., Azapagic, A. (2014). Life cycle environmental impacts of generating electricity and heat from biogas produced by anaerobic digestion. Energy 70, 181-193.
12. [12] Börjesson, P., Berglund, M. (2006). Environmental systems analysis of biogas systems—Part I: Fuel-cycle emissions. Biomass and Bioenergy 30, 469–485.
13. [13] Börjesson, P., Berglund, M. (2007). Environmental systems analysis of biogas systems—Part II: The environmental impact of replacing various reference systems. Biomass and Bioenergy 31, 326–344.,
14. [14] Nkoa, R. (2014) Agricultural benefits and environmental risks of soil fertilization with anaerobic digestates: a review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 34, 473-492.
15. [15] Location of IZAYDAS (2017). https://www.google.com.tr/maps/search/ IZAYDA%C5%9F+HAR%C4% B0TA/@40.7889202,12.0834592,4z?dcr=0. Accessed June 22.
16. [16] IZAYDAS (2016). Process data and documents provided by plant operators.
17. [17] Bouallagui, H., Cheikh, R.B., Marouani, L., Hamdi, M. (2003). Mesophilic biogas production from fruit and vegetable waste in a tubular digester. Bioresource Technology 86, 85–89.
18. [18] Oliveira, M.O., Somariva, R, Ando Junior, O.H., Neto, J.M., Bretas, A.S., Perrone, O.E., Reversat, J.H.(2012). Biomass electricity generation using industry poultry waste. International Conference on Renewable Energies and Power Quality (ICREPQ’12) Santiago de Compostela (Spain), 28th-30th March.
19. [19] Energy mix of Turkey (2017). http://www.enerjiatlasi.com/elektrik-uretimi/ Accessed July 20.
20. [20] Lou, X.F., Nair, J.(2009).The impact of landfilling and composting on greenhouse gas emissions – A review. Bioresource Technology 100, 3792–3798.
21. [21] Hao, X., Chang, C., Larney, F.J., Travis, G.R. (2001) Greenhouse Gas Emissions during Cattle Feedlot Manure Composting. Journal of Environmental Quality 30, 376–386.
22. [22] Alibaba fertilizer prices (2017). https://turkish.alibaba.com/g/organic-fertilizer-prices.html. Accessed July 20.
23. [23] Bakshi, B.R,, Baral, A., Hau, J,L. (2011) Thermodynamic Methods for Resource Accounting. In Thermodynamics and the Destruction of Resources ; Bakshi, B.R,, Gutowski, T.G., Sekulic, D.P.. Eds.; Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, U.K.,87−112
24. [24] Cleveland, C. J. (1992). Energy quality and energy surplus in the extraction of fossil fuels in the U.S. Ecological Economics 6, 139−162.
25. [25] Bhattacharya, S.C., Salam, P.A. (2002). Low greenhouse gas biomass options for cooking in the developing countries. Biomass and Bioenergy 22, 305 – 317.
26. [26] Kaygusuz, K. (2011). Energy services and energy poverty for sustainable rural development. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 15, 936–947.
27. [27]Kursun,B., Bhavik, B.R., Mahata, M., Martin, J.F. (2015). Life cycle and emergy based design of energy systems in developing countries: Centralized and localized options. Ecological Modelling 305, 40-53.