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Students Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields in Marmara University

Year 2015, Volume: 27 Issue: 1, 32 - 36, 28.04.2016
https://doi.org/10.7240/mufbed.70492

Abstract

In recent years, there has been increasing public concern about the health implication of electromagnetic (EM) wave exposures due to the electronic sources.  For this reason, various public organizations in the world have been established safety guidelines. This paper focused on the investigation of Marmara University students’ health effects that cause by the radio frequency (RF) sources. For the purpose of the assessment, electric field strength values are measured at 44 different location points of Marmara University in Göztepe Campus. In addition to the spot measurements, 24 hours measurement is also done to analyze the variation of electric field strength values. The results show that the measured electric field strength values are below the recommended international standard limits.  

References

  • Neubauer, G., Feychting, M., Hamnerius, Y., Kheifets, L., Kuster, N. and Ruiz, I. (2007). Feasibility of future epidemiological studies on possible health effects of mobile phone base stations. Bioelectromagnetics, 28, 224–230.
  • Ahlbom, A., Bridges, J. de Seze, R., Hillert, L., Juutilainen, J. and Mattsson, M. O. (2008). Possible effects of electromagnetic fields (EMF) on human health: opinion of the scientific committee on emerging and newly identified health risks (SCENIHR), Toxicology 246, 248–250.
  • Joseph, W., Vermeeren, G., Verloock, L., Masache Heredia, M. and Martens, L. (2008). Characterization of personal RF electromagnetic field exposure and actual absorption for the general public. Health Physics, 95, 317–330.
  • Kühnlein A, Heumann C, Thomas S, Heinrich S, Radon K. (2009). Personal exposure to mobile communication networks and well-being in children—a statistical analysis based on a functional approach. Bioelectromagnetics.
  • Thomas, S., Kühnlein, A., Heinrich, S., Praml, G., Nowak, D., von Kries, R. and Radon, K. (2008). Personal exposure to mobile phone frequencies and well-being in adults: a cross-sectional study based on dosimetry. Bioelectromagnetics, 29, 463–470.
  • Thuroczy, G., Molnar, F., Janossy, G., Nagy, N., Kubinyi, G., Bakos, J. and Szabo, J. (2008). Personal RF exposimetry in urban area. Annual Telecommunication, 63, 87–96.
  • Viel, J. F., Clerc, S., Barrera, C., Rymzhanova, R., Moissonnier, M., Hours, M. and Cardis, E. (2009). Residential exposure to radiofrequency fields from mobile phone base stations, and broadcast transmitters: a populationbased survey with personal meter. Occupational Environmental Medicine, 66, 550–556.
  • Radon, K., Spegel, H., Meyer, N., Klein, J., Brix, J., Wiedenhofer, A., Eder, H., Praml, G., Schulze, A., Ehrenstein, V., Von Kries, R., Nowak, D. (2006). Personal dosimetry of exposure to mobile telephone base stations? An epidemiologic feasibility study comparing the Maschek dosimeter prototype and the Antennessa DSP-090 system. Bioelectromagnetics 27 (1), 77–81.
  • Schüz, J. and Mann, S. (2000). A discussion of potential exposure metrics for use in epidemiological studies on human exposure to radiowaves from mobile phone base stations. J. Expo. Sci. Env. Epid. 10, 600–605.
  • Bornkessel, C., Schubert, M., Wuschek, M. and Schmidt, P. (2007). Determination of the general public exposure around GSM and UMTS base stations. Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 124, 40–47.
  • Hutter, H. P., Moshammer, H., Wallner, P. and Kundi, M. (2006). Subjective symptoms sleeping problems, and cognitive performance in subjects living near mobile phone base stations. Occup. Environ. Med. 63, 307–313.
  • Berg-Beckhoff, G., Blettner M., Kowall, B., Breckenkamp, J., Schlehofer, B., Schmiedel, S. (2009). Mobile phone base stations and adverse health effects: phase 2 of a cross-sectional study with measured radio frequency electromagnetic fields. Occup. Environ. Med. 66, 124–130.
  • Ha, M., Im H, Lee, M., Kim, H.J., Kim, B.C., Gimm, Y.M., et al. (2009). Radio-frequency radiation exposure from AM radio transmitters and childhood leukemia and brain cancer. Am. J. Epidemiol. 166, 270–279.
  • Neitzke, H. P., Osterhoff, J., Peklo, K. and Voigt, H. (2007). Determination of exposure due to mobile phone base stations in an epidemiological study. Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 124, 35–39.
  • Breckenkamp, J., Neitzke, H.P., Bornkessel, C., Berg- Beckhoff, G. (2008). Applicability of an exposure model for the determination of emissions from mobile phone base stations. Radiat. Prot. Dosimetry. 131(4), 474–481.
  • Mantiply, E. D., Pohl, K. R., Poppell, S. W., and Murphy, J. A., (1997), Summary of measured radiofrequency electric and magnetic fields (10 kHz to 30 GHz) in the general and work environment. Bioelectromagnetics. 18, 563–577.
  • Frei, P., Mohler, E., Bürgi, A., Fröhlich, J., Neubauer, G., Braun-Fahrländer, C., Röösli, M., and the QUALIFEX team, (2009), A prediction model for personal radio frequency electromagnetic field exposure. Sci. Total Environ. 408, 102–108.
  • Viel, J. F., Cardis, E., Moissonnier, M., Seze, R., Hours, M., (2009), Radiofrequency exposure in the French general population: band, time, location and activity variability. Environ. Int. 35, 1150–1154.
  • Joseph, W., Frei, P., Roösli, M., Thuroczy, G., Gajsek, P., Trcek, T., Bolte, J., Vermeeren, G., Mohler, E., Juhasz, P., Finta, V., and Martens, L., (2010), Comparison of personal radio frequency electromagnetic field exposure in different urban areas across Europe. Environ. Res. 110, 658–663.
  • Manassas, A., Boursianis, A., Theodoros, S., and Sahalos, J. N., (2012), Continuous electromagnetic radiation monitoring in the environment: analysis of the results in Greece. Radiat. Prot. Dosimetry. 151 (3), 437–442.
  • International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) (1998), Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields (Up to 300 GHz). Health Phys. 41, 449–552.
Year 2015, Volume: 27 Issue: 1, 32 - 36, 28.04.2016
https://doi.org/10.7240/mufbed.70492

Abstract

References

  • Neubauer, G., Feychting, M., Hamnerius, Y., Kheifets, L., Kuster, N. and Ruiz, I. (2007). Feasibility of future epidemiological studies on possible health effects of mobile phone base stations. Bioelectromagnetics, 28, 224–230.
  • Ahlbom, A., Bridges, J. de Seze, R., Hillert, L., Juutilainen, J. and Mattsson, M. O. (2008). Possible effects of electromagnetic fields (EMF) on human health: opinion of the scientific committee on emerging and newly identified health risks (SCENIHR), Toxicology 246, 248–250.
  • Joseph, W., Vermeeren, G., Verloock, L., Masache Heredia, M. and Martens, L. (2008). Characterization of personal RF electromagnetic field exposure and actual absorption for the general public. Health Physics, 95, 317–330.
  • Kühnlein A, Heumann C, Thomas S, Heinrich S, Radon K. (2009). Personal exposure to mobile communication networks and well-being in children—a statistical analysis based on a functional approach. Bioelectromagnetics.
  • Thomas, S., Kühnlein, A., Heinrich, S., Praml, G., Nowak, D., von Kries, R. and Radon, K. (2008). Personal exposure to mobile phone frequencies and well-being in adults: a cross-sectional study based on dosimetry. Bioelectromagnetics, 29, 463–470.
  • Thuroczy, G., Molnar, F., Janossy, G., Nagy, N., Kubinyi, G., Bakos, J. and Szabo, J. (2008). Personal RF exposimetry in urban area. Annual Telecommunication, 63, 87–96.
  • Viel, J. F., Clerc, S., Barrera, C., Rymzhanova, R., Moissonnier, M., Hours, M. and Cardis, E. (2009). Residential exposure to radiofrequency fields from mobile phone base stations, and broadcast transmitters: a populationbased survey with personal meter. Occupational Environmental Medicine, 66, 550–556.
  • Radon, K., Spegel, H., Meyer, N., Klein, J., Brix, J., Wiedenhofer, A., Eder, H., Praml, G., Schulze, A., Ehrenstein, V., Von Kries, R., Nowak, D. (2006). Personal dosimetry of exposure to mobile telephone base stations? An epidemiologic feasibility study comparing the Maschek dosimeter prototype and the Antennessa DSP-090 system. Bioelectromagnetics 27 (1), 77–81.
  • Schüz, J. and Mann, S. (2000). A discussion of potential exposure metrics for use in epidemiological studies on human exposure to radiowaves from mobile phone base stations. J. Expo. Sci. Env. Epid. 10, 600–605.
  • Bornkessel, C., Schubert, M., Wuschek, M. and Schmidt, P. (2007). Determination of the general public exposure around GSM and UMTS base stations. Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 124, 40–47.
  • Hutter, H. P., Moshammer, H., Wallner, P. and Kundi, M. (2006). Subjective symptoms sleeping problems, and cognitive performance in subjects living near mobile phone base stations. Occup. Environ. Med. 63, 307–313.
  • Berg-Beckhoff, G., Blettner M., Kowall, B., Breckenkamp, J., Schlehofer, B., Schmiedel, S. (2009). Mobile phone base stations and adverse health effects: phase 2 of a cross-sectional study with measured radio frequency electromagnetic fields. Occup. Environ. Med. 66, 124–130.
  • Ha, M., Im H, Lee, M., Kim, H.J., Kim, B.C., Gimm, Y.M., et al. (2009). Radio-frequency radiation exposure from AM radio transmitters and childhood leukemia and brain cancer. Am. J. Epidemiol. 166, 270–279.
  • Neitzke, H. P., Osterhoff, J., Peklo, K. and Voigt, H. (2007). Determination of exposure due to mobile phone base stations in an epidemiological study. Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 124, 35–39.
  • Breckenkamp, J., Neitzke, H.P., Bornkessel, C., Berg- Beckhoff, G. (2008). Applicability of an exposure model for the determination of emissions from mobile phone base stations. Radiat. Prot. Dosimetry. 131(4), 474–481.
  • Mantiply, E. D., Pohl, K. R., Poppell, S. W., and Murphy, J. A., (1997), Summary of measured radiofrequency electric and magnetic fields (10 kHz to 30 GHz) in the general and work environment. Bioelectromagnetics. 18, 563–577.
  • Frei, P., Mohler, E., Bürgi, A., Fröhlich, J., Neubauer, G., Braun-Fahrländer, C., Röösli, M., and the QUALIFEX team, (2009), A prediction model for personal radio frequency electromagnetic field exposure. Sci. Total Environ. 408, 102–108.
  • Viel, J. F., Cardis, E., Moissonnier, M., Seze, R., Hours, M., (2009), Radiofrequency exposure in the French general population: band, time, location and activity variability. Environ. Int. 35, 1150–1154.
  • Joseph, W., Frei, P., Roösli, M., Thuroczy, G., Gajsek, P., Trcek, T., Bolte, J., Vermeeren, G., Mohler, E., Juhasz, P., Finta, V., and Martens, L., (2010), Comparison of personal radio frequency electromagnetic field exposure in different urban areas across Europe. Environ. Res. 110, 658–663.
  • Manassas, A., Boursianis, A., Theodoros, S., and Sahalos, J. N., (2012), Continuous electromagnetic radiation monitoring in the environment: analysis of the results in Greece. Radiat. Prot. Dosimetry. 151 (3), 437–442.
  • International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) (1998), Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields (Up to 300 GHz). Health Phys. 41, 449–552.
There are 21 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Fulya Kunter This is me

Publication Date April 28, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2015 Volume: 27 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Kunter, F. (2016). Students Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields in Marmara University. Marmara Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 27(1), 32-36. https://doi.org/10.7240/mufbed.70492
AMA Kunter F. Students Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields in Marmara University. MFBD. April 2016;27(1):32-36. doi:10.7240/mufbed.70492
Chicago Kunter, Fulya. “Students Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields in Marmara University”. Marmara Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 27, no. 1 (April 2016): 32-36. https://doi.org/10.7240/mufbed.70492.
EndNote Kunter F (April 1, 2016) Students Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields in Marmara University. Marmara Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 27 1 32–36.
IEEE F. Kunter, “Students Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields in Marmara University”, MFBD, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 32–36, 2016, doi: 10.7240/mufbed.70492.
ISNAD Kunter, Fulya. “Students Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields in Marmara University”. Marmara Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 27/1 (April 2016), 32-36. https://doi.org/10.7240/mufbed.70492.
JAMA Kunter F. Students Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields in Marmara University. MFBD. 2016;27:32–36.
MLA Kunter, Fulya. “Students Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields in Marmara University”. Marmara Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 27, no. 1, 2016, pp. 32-36, doi:10.7240/mufbed.70492.
Vancouver Kunter F. Students Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields in Marmara University. MFBD. 2016;27(1):32-6.

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