Nanoparticle Characterization Methods and Its Importance in Ecotoxicity Experiments

Year 2018, Volume: 30 Issue: 1, 1 - 17, 31.03.2018

Yeşim Dağlıoglu

https://doi.org/10.7240/marufbd.346547

Cited By: 2

Abstract

Nanotechnology is an important area of innovation, scientific and economic
growth. However, nanoparticles may have harmful effects on human health and the
environment. So far, despite the increased number of studies on the toxicity of
nanoparticles, there is still a lack of quantitative ecotoxicity data. At least
one dimension of Naparticles is ≤100 nm and can consist of very different base
materials such as carbon, silicon and metals. The reactivity is high because
about 40-50% of the atoms in the nanoparticle are on the surface. Accordingly,
different biological effects are expected. Nanoparticles and nanoparticle
aggregates should be characterized in detail in ecotoxicity assays. Because the
environmental concentrations of nanoparticles change both the efficacy ratings
and the exposure assessments. The structure of the surrounding nanoparticles
and aggregate nanoparticles is of great importance to the properties of end
products and their behavior in the environment. When measuring nanoparticles in
different media, it is not enough to provide data on concentrations. It is also
necessary to know the size distribution and physicochemical properties of
nanoparticles. A single technique can not provide all of this information, so a
different analytical technique is required. In this review, the significance of
nanoparticle characterization in assessing nanoparticle toxicity is described.
At the same time, the characterization of nanoparticles has been discussed in
detail, taking into consideration the nanoparticle size and physicochemical
properties, such as microscopic, chromatographic, spectroscopic methods,
centrifugation and filtration techniques and other techniques.

Keywords

ecotoxicity, characterization, nanoparticles, nanotoxicity, nanotoxicology

Nanopartikül Karakterizasyon Yöntemleri ve Ekotoksisite Deneylerindeki Önemi

Abstract

Nanoteknoloji önemli bir yenilikçi, bilimsel ve ekonomik büyüme alanıdır.
Bununla birlikte, nanopartiküller insan sağlığı ve çevre üzerinde zararlı
etkilere sahip olabilir. Şimdiye kadar, nanopartiküllerin toksisitesi üzerine
artan sayıda çalışma yapılmasına rağmen hala niceliksel ekotoksisite veri
eksikliği bulunmaktadır. Napartiküller en az bir boyutu ≤100 nm olup karbon,
silikon ve metaller gibi çok farklı temel materyalden oluşabilir. Nanopartikül
atomlarının yaklaşık % 40-50'si yüzeyde olmasından dolayı reaktivitesi yüksekdir.
Buna bağlı olarak da farklı biyolojik etkiler göstermesi beklenmektedir.
Ekotoksisite deneylerinde nanopartiküller ile nanopartikül agregatlarının
ayrıntılı bir şekilde karakterize edilmesi gerekir. Çünkü, nanopartiküllerin çevresel
konsantrasyonları hem etki derecelerini hem de maruz kalma değerlendirmelerini
değiştirmektedir. Çevredeki nanopartiküller ile agregat nanopartiküllerinin
yapısı son ürünlerin özellikleri ve ortamdaki davranışları üzerine büyük önem
taşımaktadır. Farklı ortamlardaki nanopartikülleri ölçerken, konsantrasyonlarla
ilgili veriler sağlamak tek başına yeterli değildir, aynı zamanda nanopartiküllerin
boyut dağılımı ve fizikokimyasal özellikleri hakkında da bilgi gereklidir. Tek
bir teknik bu bilgilerin hepsini sağlayamaz, bu nedenle farklı analitik teknikler
gereklidir. Bu
derlemede, nanopartikül toksisitesinin değerlendirilmesinde nanopartikül
karakterizasyonun önemi açıklanmıştır. Aynı zamanda, nanopartiküllerin mikroskopik, kromatografik, spektroskopik yöntemler, santrifüjleme ve
filtrasyon teknikleri ve diğer teknikler adı altında nanopartikül boyut ve fizikokimyasal
özellikleri dikkate alınarak karakterizasyonu ayrıntılı olarak tartışılmıştır.

Keywords

nanopartikül, karakteriasyon, ekotoksisite, nanotoksisite, nanotoksikoloji

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