Manevi Danışmanlıkta Duanın Bir Destekleme Metodu Olarak Kullanımı

Abstract

Öz: Manevi danışmanlıkta kullanılan destekleme metotlarından biri, belki de en sık kullanılanı, “dua”dır. Dua geleneksel olarak zamandan, dilden ve mekândan bağımsız olarak bize Tanrı’yla (Mutlak, Yüce Varlık, Kutsal vb.) iletişim kurabilme yetisi kazandıran bir araç olarak kabul edilir. Bu nedenle manevi danışmanların sıklıkla kullandığı bir destekleme metodudur. Ancak aynı dinî gelenek içinde dahi farklı inanç ve uygulamaların olabileceği gerçeği, duayı bir destekleme metodu olarak kullanacak manevi danışmanların farkında olmalarını gerektiren bazı hususları ortaya çıkarır. Bu amaçla makalemizde duanın ne anlamlara geldiği, türleri, psikolojik işleyiş mekanizması, sağlığı nasıl etkilediğini açıklayan teoriler ile manevi danışmanlıkta duayı kullanırken dikkat edilmesi gereken hususlar ve farkında olunması gereken riskler konu edinilmiştir.

Keywords

• Dua,Destekleme Metodu,Manevi Danışmanlık,Dua Çeşitleri,Sağlık,Dua-Sağlık İlişkisi Teorileri

The Use of Prayer as a Method of Intervention in Chaplaincy

Abstract

Abstract: Prayer is a way of intervention, probably the most frequently used approach, in chaplaincy. Traditionally, prayer is a means of communication with God (The Absolute, the Supreme Being, Divine etc.) boundless from time, space and spoken language. For that reason it is used as a way of intervention among the practitioners of pastoral care. However, since the different practices and the understandings of prayers exist even within the same belief system, using prayer as an intervention requires practitioners to be aware of some issues. For this purpose, this paper studies the following subjects: The meanings and different forms of prayer, its psychological functions, theories on the effects of prayer on hea

Keywords

• Prayer,Intervention,Chaplaincy,Forms of Prayer,Health,Theories of Prayer-Health Relations

References

1. Kaynaklar
2. Ai-v.dgr.: Amy L. Ai, Paul Wink, Terrence N. Tice, Steven F. Bolling, Marshal Shearer, “Prayer And Reverence In Naturalistic, Aesthetic, And Socio-Moral Contexts Predicted Fewer Complications Following Coronary Artery Bypass”, Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 2009, XXXII, s. 570-581.
3. Alling, Frederic A. “Healing Effects of Belief in Medical Practices and Spirituality”, Explore, 2015, XI sy. 4, s. 273-280.
4. Altaş, Nurullah, “Hastanelerde Dinî Danışmanlık Hizmetleri (Türkiye Uygulaması Üzerine Deneysel Bir Araştırma)”, Ankara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 1999, XXXIX, sy. 1, s. 599-659. Andersson, Gerhard, “Chronic Pain and Praying to a Higher Power: Useful or Useless?” Journal of Religion and Health, 2008, XLVII, sy. 2, s. 176-187.
5. Argyle, Michael, “İbadet ve Dua” (trc. Mustafa Koç), Erciyes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 2006, II, sy. 26, s. 317-338.
6. Aydemir, Abdullah, “Tedavide Duanın Yeri”, İslâm Medeniyeti, 1973, III, sy. 32, s. 7-16. Ayten, Ali, Tanrıya Sığınmak Dini Başa Çıkma Üzerine Psiko-Sosyal Bir Araştırma, İstanbul: İz yayıncılık, 2012.
7. Bernardi-v.dgr.: Luciano Bernardi, Peter Sleight, Gabriele Bandinelli, Simone Cencetti, Lamberto Fattorini, Johanna Wdowczyc-Szulc, Alfonso Lagi, “Effect of Rosary Prayer Yoga Mantras on Autonomic CardioVascular Rhythms: Comparative Study”, British Medical Journal, 2001, CCCXXIII, sy. 7327, s. 1446-1450.
8. Bilgin, Beyza, “Dua”, İslâm İlimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 1975, sy. 2, s. 67-70.

9. Breslin-Lewis: Michael Breslin and Christopher Alan Lewis, “Theoretical Models of the Nature of Prayer and Health: A Review”, Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 2008, XI, sy. 1, s. 9-21.
10. Capps, Donald, “İstek Duası (Petitionary Prayer) Psikolojisi” (trc. Ümit Horozcu), İstanbul Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 2005, sy. 12, s. 157-169.
11. Cilacı, Osman, “Dua”, DİA, İstanbul 1994, IX, 529-530.
12. Cohen-v.dgr.: Cynthia B. Cohen, Sondra E. Wheeler, David A, Scott, Barbara Springer Edwards, Patricia Lusk, and the Anglican Working Group in Bioethics, “Prayer as Therapy: A Callenge to Both Religious Belief and Professional Ethics”, Hasting Center Report 30, 2000, sy. 3, s. 40-47.
13. Dezutter-v.dgr.: Jessie Dezutter, Amy Wachholtz, Jozef Corveleyn, “Prayer and Pain: The Mediating Role of Positive Re-Appraisal”, Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 2011, XXXIV, sy. 6, s. 542-549.
14. Dossey, Larry, “Prayer, Medicine, and Science: The New Dialogue”, Journal of Health Care Chaplaincy, 1998, VII, sy. 1-2, s. 7-37
15. George, Juvenal, Is Prayer Beneficial: An Examination of Types of Prayer and Life Satisfaction in Adolescents (doktora tezi, 2014), Chicago.
16. Gibbons-v.dgr.: Graeme Gibbons, Andrew Retsas, Jaya Pınıkahana, “Describing What Chaplains Do in Hospitals”, The Journal of Pastoral Care, 1999, LIII, sy. 2, s. 201-207.
17. Gubi, Peter Madsen, “An Exploration of the Use Of Christian Prayer in Mainstream Counselling”, British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 2001, XXIX, sy. 4, s. 425-434.
18. Haley-v.dgr.: Katherine C. Haley, Harold G. Koenig ve Bruce M. Bruchett, “Relationship between Private Religious Activity and Physical Functioning in Older Adults”, Journal of Religion and Health, 2001, XL, sy. 2, s. 305-312.
19. Handzo-v.dgr.: George F. Handzo, Kevin J. Flannelly, Kathryn M. Murphy, John P. Bauman, Margaret Oettinger, Elaine Goodell, Yusuf H. Hasan, David P. Barrie, Martha R.Jacobs, “What Do Chaplains
20. Really Do? I. Visitation in the New York Chaplaincy Study”, Journal of Health Care Chaplaincy, 2008, XIV, sy. 1, s. 20-38.
21. Handzo-v.dgr.: George F. Handzo, Kevin J. Flannelly, Taryn Kudler, Sarah L. Fogg, Stephen R. Harding, Yusuf H. Hasan, Meigs Ross, Bonita E. Taylor, “What Do Chaplains Really Do? II. Interventions in the New York Chaplaincy Study”, Journal of Health Care Chaplaincy, 2008, XIV, sy. 1, s. 39-56.
22. Hollywell-Walker: Claire Hollywell and Jan Walker, “Private Prayer as a Suitable Intervention for Hospitalized Patients: A Critical Review of the Literature”, Journal of Clinical Nursing, 2008, XVIII, sy.18, s. 637-651. Horozcu, Ümit, Din Psikolojisi Açısından Dünyevi İstek Duaları (doktora tezi, 2010) İstanbul Üniversitesi SBE.
23. Johnson-v.dgr.: Mary E. Johnson, Ann M. Dose, Teri Britt Pipe, Wesley O. Petersen, Mashele Huschka, Mary M. Gallenberg, Prema Peethambaram, Jeff Sloan, Marlene H. Frost, “Centering Prayer for Women Receiving Chemotherapy for Recurrent Ovarian Cancer: A Pilot Study”, Oncology Nursing Forum, 2009, XXXVI, sy. 4, s. 421-428.
24. Kirkwood, Neville A., Pastoral Care in Hospitals, Harrisburg-New York: Morehouse Publishing, 1998, 2nd edition.
25. Kitab-ı Mukaddes Eski ve Yeni Ahit, İstanbul: Kitabı Mukaddes Şirketi, 1995.
26. Koç, Mustafa, “Ruh Sağlığı ile Dinî Başa Çıkma Metodu Olarak Dua ve İbadet Fenomeni Arasındaki İlişki Üzerine Psikolojik Bir Yaklaşım”, EKEV Akademik Dergisi, 2005, IX, sy. 24, s. 11-32.
27. ------, “Dua ve İbadetin Ergenlerin Ruh Sağlıklarına Etkileri Üzerine Teorik Bir Yaklaşım”, Diyanet İlmi Dergi, 2005, XLI, sy. 4, s. 63-90.
28. Krucoff-Crater: Mitchell W. Krucoff and Suzanne W. Crater, “What Do ‘We’ Want and Need to Know About Prayer and Healing?”, The Journal Of Alternative And Complementary Medicine, 2009, XV, sy. 12, s. 1259-1261.
29. Kwiatkowski-v.dgr.: Kate Kwiatkowski, Robert M. Arnold, David barnard, “Physicians and Prayer Requests”, Journal of Palliative Medicine, 2011, XIV, sy. 11, s. 1259-1260.
30. Leibovici, Leonard, “Effects of Remote, Retroactive Intercessory Prayer on Outcomes in Patients with Blood-stream-infection: Randomised Controlled Trial”, British Medical Journal, 2001, CCCXXIII, sy. 7327, s. 1450-1452.
31. Levine, Murray, “Prayer as Coping: A Psychological Analysis”, Journal of Health Care Chaplaincy, 2008, XV, sy. 2, s. 80-98.
32. Masters-v.dgr.: Kevin S. Masters, Glen I. Spielmans, Jason T. Goodson, “Are There Demonstrable Effects of Distant Intercessory Prayer? A Meta-Analytic Review”, Annuals of Behavioral Science, 2006, XXXII, sy. 1 s. 21-26.
33. Matthews-v.dgr.: Dale A. Matthews, Sally M. Marlowe, Francis S. MacNutt, “Effects of Intercessory Prayer on Patients with Rheumatoid Artritis”, Southern Medical Journal, 2000, XCIII, sy. 12, s. 1177-1186. Mehmedoğlu, Ali Ulvi, Tanrıyı Tasavvur Etmek, İstanbul: Çamlıca Yayınları, 2011.
34. Morgan, Oliver J., “Pastoral Counselling and Petitionary Praying”, Journal of Religion and Health, 1987, XXVI, sy. 2, s. 149-152.
35. Pınar, Zehra, Duanın Ruh Sağlığı Üzerindeki Etkileri (yüksek lisans tezi, 2013) Erciyes Üniversitesi SBE. Ross, Alastair, Counselling Skills for Church and Faith Community Workers, Maidenhead-Philadelphia: Open University Press, 2003.
36. Ross-vdgr.: Louie E. Ross, Ingrid J. Hall, Temeika L. Fairley, Yhenneko J. Taylor ve Daniel L. Howard, “Prayer and Self-Reported Health Among Cancer Survivors in the United States, National Health Interview Survey, 2002”, The Journal Of Alternative And Complementary Medicine, 2008, XIV, sy. 8, s. 931-938.
37. Sayın, Esma, “Tasavvuf ve Psikoloji Açısından Duanın Terapik Etkileri”, Batman University Journal of Life Sciences, 2012, I, sy. 1, s. 423-431.
38. Silton-v.dgr.: Nava R. Silton, Kevin J. Flannelly, Kathleen Galek, David Fleenor, “Pray Tell: The Who, What, Why, and How of Prayer Across Multiple Faiths”, Pastoral Psychology, 2013, LXII, sy. 1, s. 41-52.
39. Simão-v.dgr.: Talita Prado Simão, Sílvia Caldeira and Emilia Campos de Carvalho, “The Effect of Prayer on Patients’ Health: Systematic Literature Review”, Religions, 2016, VII, sy. 11, http://www.mdpi. com/2077-1444/7/1/11/htm (erişim tarihi: 24.05.2017).
40. Spring, Heather J. Encountering God: A Grounded Theory Of Prayer In Illness (doktora tezi, 2002), Florida Üniversitesi.
41. Stoner-Murray: M. Stoner and C. Murray, “Say a Little Prayer”, Nursing, 1998, XXVIII, sy. 6, s. 55.
42. Strang, Cecily Walter “Is Intercessory Prayer in Modern Nursing a Valid Practice?”, Journal of Christian Nursing, 2011, XXVIII, sy. 2, s. 92-95.
43. Taylor, Elizabeth Johnston, “Prayer’s Clinical Issues and Implications”, Holistic Nurings Practice, 2003, XVII, sy. 4, s. 179-188.
44. VandeCreek, Larry, “Exploring Intercessory Prayer”, Journal of Health Care Chaplaincy, 1998, VII, sy. 1-2, s. 1-6.
45. VandeCreek, Larry, “Mahalle Papazlarının Hastanede Yatan Kilise Üyelerine Yönelik Dua Vaizliği” (trc. Ali Rıza Aydın), Din Bilimleri Akademik Araştırma Dergisi, 2003, III, sy. 1, s. 153-167.
46. Welker, Maureen, Review of The Literature on Effects of Prayer on Patient Outcomes (yüksek lisans tezi, 2001), Department of Nursing California State University.
47. Williamson, W. Paul, “Review of Varieties of Prayer: A Survey Report” (authors: M. M. Poloma ve G. H. Gallup, Jr., Philadelphia: Trinity Press International. 1991), The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 1994, IV, sy. 3, s. 203-204.
48. Whittington-Scher: Brandon L. Whittington and Steven J. Scher, “Prayer and Subjective Well-Being: An Examination of Six Different Types of Prayer”, The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 2010, XX, sy. 1, s. 59-68.
49. Winslow-Winslow: Gerald R. Winslow and Betty Wehtje Winslow, “Examining the Ethics of Praying With Patients”, Holistic Nursing Practice, 2003, XVII, sy. 4, s. 170-177.