Soyun Önemi Bağlamında Yahudi-Haşmoni Krallığı ve Vaftizci Yahya

Year 2017, Volume: 52 Issue: 52, 115 - 138, 15.06.2017

Tolga Savaş Altınel

https://doi.org/10.15370/maruifd.333532

Cited By: 3

Abstract

Öz: Haşmoni Krallığı, M.Ö. 140-M.Ö. 37 yılları arasında Yahudilerin kurmuş olduğu
ender bağımsız devletlerden biridir. Ancak bu hanedanlık soyları sebep gösterilerek siyasi
ve dini erki kullanmada bir takım sınırlamalara maruz kalmıştır. Onlara geleneksel
Yahudi otoriteleri tarafından muhalefet edilmiştir. Bunun asıl sebebi Haşmonilerin
Helenleşmeye eğilimli olmalarıdır. Ancak bu muhalefet soylarının üstünlüğüne yönelik
iddiaları üzerinde yapılmıştır. Bu çerçevede siyasi ve dini kurum ve unvanlar revize
edilmiş, Haşmonilerin Davut soyundan olmadıkları öne sürülerek krallıklarının meş-
ruiyetinin halk tarafından tanınması engellenmiş, iç savaşlarla uğraşmak durumda kalınca
da krallıkları tarih sahnesinde ancak yüz yıl kalabilmiştir. Bu yazı soy üstünlüğü
argümanının her iki tarafça siyasi bir retorikle ne şekilde kullanıldığını ortaya koymaya
çalışacaktır. Bu bağlamda Yahudi dini otoritesini temsil eden Büyük Kurul (Sanhedrin)
üzerinde yapılan değişiklikler, Haşmonilerin soyu, Haşmonilerin Kohenliğin gerektirdiği
kan saflığını kaybettikleri iddiası ele alınacaktır. Ayrıca Herod ile Vaftizci Yahya’nın
soy üstünlüğü konusundaki tavırları karşılaştırılacaktır.

Keywords

Haşmoni, Seçilmiş Soy, Kohen, Herod, Vaftizci Yahya, Sanhedrin.

The Kingship Experience of Cohens in the Context of Genealogical Superiority: The Kingdom of Hasmoneans

Abstract

Abstract: Hasmonean Kingdom (140-37 BCE) was one of the few Jewish independent
states in history. However, Hasmoneans were not able to exercise their religious and
political authority fully because of their genealogy; for the Jewish authorities claimed
that their genealogy was not sufficiently pure to do so. The claim of this study is that
the real reason for the opposition of the Jewish authorities against the dynasty was due
to their Hellenistic tendencies, which surfaced as a rhetorical ploy using genealogy. For
this reason, when the Hasmoneans claimed High Priesthood, the opposition created
new boundary markers so as to limit their ability of achieving religious authority. On the
other end of the spectrum, they denied the Hasmonean claim of kingship because they
were not from Davidic lineage. This opposition created an unstable political situation,
which eventually led to civil wars. Consequently, the kingdom was able to only survive
for a short period of time. In this study the research elaborates on how the two sides utilized
the argument of genealogical superiority to construct their respected political arguments.
The cases through which the notion of genealogical superiority is discussed
includes the administrative revisions on the structure of “Keneset ha-Gedolah”, the genealogy
of the Hasmoneans, and the claim that the Hasmoneans lost the purity of blood
necessary for high priesthood. Furthermore, the diverse stands of Herod the Great and
John the Baptist on the issue of genealogical superiority are also discussed

Keywords

Hasmoneans, Chosen Genealogy, Cohen, Herod the Great, John the Baptist, Sanhedrin.

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