Comparison of respiratory morbidity in late preterm infants and intrauterine growth retarded infants at school-age

Year 2022, , 335 - 342, 31.10.2022

Mahmut Caner Us , Ulfet Vatansever Ridvan Duran Betul Acunas

https://doi.org/10.5472/marumj.1195309

Abstract

Objective: We aimed to determine respiratory morbidity of late preterm infants versus infants with intrauterine growth retardation
(IUGR) at school-age.
Patients and Methods: Late preterm appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants (34-36, 6/7 weeks) (Group 1), IUGR infants (Group
2), extremely preterm AGA (Group 3) and term AGA infants (Group 4) born between 2004 and 2008 were included in this casecontrol
study and assessed for respiratory morbidity at school-age. We evaluated the impact of late preterm compared with IUGR and
term gestation on respiratory morbidity by using validated American Thoracic Society – Division of Lung Diseases (ATS-DLD-78-C)
and the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaires. Questionnaires on wheezing, infectious
respiratory morbidity, and physician-diagnosed asthma panels were constituted and groups were compared.
Results: A total of 160 patients were enrolled in the study and 97 (60.6%) of them were boys. Respiratory morbidities at schoolage
were found to be significantly higher in both late preterm and IUGR groups when compared to term controls. Each weekly
increase in gestational age reduced the risk for wheezing episodes (OR perGW:0.82,95%CI:0.71-0.97, p:0.02). Regarding
infectious respiratory morbidities, there was a significant increase when the number of people living at home increased (OR
perperson:1.79,95%CI:1.12-2.87, p:0.01), and a decrease in female gender (OR:0.41,95%CI:0.17-0.99, p:0.04) and in the week of
gestation (OR perGW:0.84,95%CI:0.71-1.00, p:0.04). Atopic dermatitis (OR:5.26,95%CI:1.57-17.69, p<0.01) and maternal asthma
(OR:5.38,95%CI:1.17-24.60, p:0.03) history were found to be risk factors for asthma.
Conclusion: Being IUGR may be an important risk factor for respiratory morbidity at school-age. Further studies are needed on this
subject.

Keywords

Premature Birth, Late preterm, Fetal Growth Retardation, Asthma, School-age

References

• Kotecha SJ, Watkins WJ, Paranjothy S, Dunstan FD, Henderson AJ, Kotecha S. Effect of late preterm birth on longitudinal lung spirometry in school age children and adolescents. Thorax 2012;67:54-61. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2011-200329.
• Melamed N, Klinger G, Tenenbaum-Gavish K et al. Shortterm neonatal outcome in low-risk, spontaneous, singleton, late preterm deliveries. Obstet Gynecol 2009;114(2 Pt 1):253- 60. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181af6931.
• Pike K, Jane Pillow J, Lucas JS. Long term respiratory consequences of intrauterine growth restriction. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2012;17:92-8. doi: 10.1016/j.siny.2012.01.003.
• Lima RdC, Victora CG, Menezes AMB, Barros FC. Respiratory function in adolescence in relation to low birth weight, preterm delivery, and intrauterine growth restriction. Chest 2005;128:2400-7. doi: 10.1378/chest.128.4.2400.
• Marin Gabriel MA, Martin Moreiras J, Lliteras Fleixas G et al. [Assessment of the new Ballard score to estimate gestational age]. An Pediatr (Barc) 2006;64:140-5. doi: 10.1157/13084173.
• Fenton TR, Kim JH. A systematic review and meta-analysis to revise the Fenton growth chart for preterm infants. BMC Pediatrm2013;13:59. doi: 10.1186/1471-2431-13-59.
• Esteves A, Solé D, Ferraz M. Adaptation and validity of the ATS-DLD-78-C questionnaire for asthma diagnosis in children under 13 years of age. Braz Ped News 1999;1:5.
• Mallol J, Crane J, von Mutius E et al. The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase Three: a global synthesis. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2013;41:73- 85. doi: 10.1016/j.aller.2012.03.001.
• Bayram I, Guneser-Kendirli S, Yilmaz M, Altintas DU, Alparslan N, Bingol-Karakoc G. The prevalence of asthma and allergic diseases in children of school age in Adana in southern Turkey. Turk J Pediatr 2004;46:221-5. PMID: 15503474.
• Kotecha SJ, Watkins WJ, Heron J, Henderson J, Dunstan FD, Kotecha S. Spirometric lung function in school-age children: effect of intrauterine growth retardation and catch-up growth. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2010;181:969-74. doi: 10.1164/ rccm.200.906.0897OC.
• Rona R, Gulliford M, Chinn S. Effects of prematurity and intrauterine growth on respiratory health and lung function in childhood. BMJ 1993;306(6881):817. doi: 10.1136/ bmj.306.6881.817.
• Wjst M, Popescu M, Trepka MJ, Heinrich J, Wichmann H. Pulmonary function in children with initial low birth weight. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 1998;9:80-90. doi: 10.1111/j.1399- 3038.1998.tb00308.x
• Peacock JL, Lo JW, D’Costa W, Calvert S, Marlow N, Greenough A. Respiratory morbidity at follow-up of smallfor- gestational-age infants born very prematurely. Pediatr Res 2013;73(4 Pt 1):457-63. doi: 10.1038/pr.2012.201.
• Greenough A. Late respiratory outcomes after preterm birth. Early Hum Dev 2007;83:785-8. doi: 10.1016/j. earlhumdev.2007.09.006.
• Helfrich AM, Nylund CM, Eberly MD, Eide MB, Stagliano DR. Healthy Late-preterm infants born 33–36+ 6 weeks gestational age have higher risk for respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization. Early Hum Dev 2015;91:541-6. doi: 10.1016/j. earlhumdev.2015.06.009.
• Lanari M, Prinelli F, Adorni F et al. Risk factors for bronchiolitis hospitalization during the first year of life in a multicenter Italian birth cohort. Ital J Pediatr 2015;41:40. doi: 10.1186/s13052.015.0149-z.
• Odibo IN, Bird TM, McKelvey SS, Sandlin A, Lowery C, Magann E. Childhood Respiratory Morbidity after Late Preterm and Early Term Delivery: a Study of Medicaid Patients in South Carolina. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2016;30:67-75. doi: 10.1111/ppe.12250.
• Haataja P, Korhonen P, Ojala R et al. Hospital admissions for lower respiratory tract infections in children born moderately/ late preterm. Pediatr Pulmonol 2018;53:209-17. doi: 10.1002/ ppul.23908.
• Kotecha SJ, Lowe J, Kotecha S. Does the sex of the preterm baby affect respiratory outcomes? Breathe (Sheff) 2018;14:100-7. doi: 10.1183/20734.735.017218.
• Srinivasjois R, Slimings C, Einarsdóttir K, Burgner D, Leonard H. Association of gestational age at birth with reasons for subsequent hospitalisation: 18 years of follow-up in a Western Australian population study. PloS One 2015;10:e0130535. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130535.
• Hoo AF, Dezateux C, Henschen M, Costeloe K, Stocks J. Development of airway function in infancy after preterm delivery. J Pediatr 2002;141:652-8. doi: 10.1067/ mpd.2002.128114.
• Coathup V, Carson C, Kurinczuk JJ, et al. Associations between gestational age at birth and infection-related hospital admission rates during childhood in England: Populationbased record linkage study. PLoS One 2021;16:e0257341. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0257341
• Leung JY, Lam HS, Leung GM, Schooling CM. Gestational Age, Birthweight for Gestational Age, and Childhood Hospitalizations for Asthma and Other Wheezing Disorders. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2016;30:149-59. doi: 10.1111/ ppe.12273.
• Abe K, Shapiro-Mendoza CK, Hall LR, Satten GA. Late preterm birth and risk of developing asthma. J Pediatr 2010;157:74-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2010.01.008.
• Harju M, Keski-Nisula L, Georgiadis L, Raisanen S, Gissler M, Heinonen S. The burden of childhood asthma and late preterm and early term births. J Pediatr 2014;164:295-9 e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.09.057.
• Haataja P, Korhonen P, Ojala R et al. Asthma and atopic dermatitis in children born moderately and late preterm. Eur J Pediatr 2016;175799-808. doi: 10.1007/s00431.016.2708-8.
• Crump C, Winkleby MA, Sundquist J, Sundquist K. Risk of asthma in young adults who were born preterm: a Swedish national cohort study. Pediatrics. 2011;127:e913-20. doi: 10.1542/peds.2010-2603.
• Jaakkola JJ, Ahmed P, Ieromnimon A, et al. Preterm delivery and asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006;118:823-30. doi: 10.1016/j. jaci.2006.06.043.
• Voge GA, Carey WA, Ryu E, King KS, Wi CI, Juhn YJ. What accounts for the association between late preterm births and risk of asthma? Allergy Asthma Proc 2017;38:152-6. doi: 10.2500/aap.2017.38.4021.
• Eriksson L, Haglund B, Odlind V, Altman M, Ewald U, Kieler H. Perinatal conditions related to growth restriction and inflammation are associated with an increased risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Acta Paediatrica 2015;104:259- 63. doi: 10.1111/apa.12888.
• Arigliani M, Stocco C, Valentini E et al. Lung function between 8 and 15 years of age in very preterm infants with fetal growth restriction. Pediatr Res 2021;90:657-63. doi: 10.1038/s41390.020.01299-0.
• Pike KC, Crozier SR, Lucas JS et al. Patterns of fetal and infant growth are related to atopy and wheezing disorders at age 3 years. Thorax 2010;65:1099-106. doi: 10.1136/ thx.2010.134742.
• Ronkainen E, Dunder T, Kaukola T, Marttila R, Hallman M. Intrauterine growth restriction predicts lower lung function at school age in children born very preterm. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2016;101:F412-F7. doi: 10.1136/ archdischild-2015-308922.
• Kotecha SJ, Watkins WJ, Henderson AJ, Kotecha S. The effect of birth weight on lung spirometry in white, schoolaged children and adolescents born at term: a longitudinal population based observational cohort study. J Pediatr 2015;166:1163-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.01.002.
• Chan KN, Noble-Jamieson CM, Elliman A, Bryan EM, Silverman M. Lung function in children of low birth weight. Arch Dis Child 1989;64:1284-93. doi: 10.1136/adc.64.9.1284.
• Barker DJ, Godfrey KM, Fall C, Osmond C, Winter PD, Shaheen SO. Relation of birth weight and childhood respiratory infection to adult lung function and death from chronic obstructive airways disease. BMJ 1991;303(6804):671- 5. doi: 10.1136/bmj.303.6804.671.
• Sonnenschein-van der Voort AM, Jaddoe VW, Raat H, et al. Fetal and infant growth and asthma symptoms in preschool children: the Generation R Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012;185:731-7. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201.107.1266OC.
• Lopuhaa CE, Roseboom TJ, Osmond C, et al. Atopy, lung function, and obstructive airways disease after prenatal exposure to famine. Thorax 2000;55:555-61. doi: 10.1136/ thorax.55.7.555.
• Hoo AF, Stocks J, Lum S, et al. Development of lung function in early life: influence of birth weight in infants of nonsmokers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004;170:527-33. doi: 10.1164/ rccm.200.311.1552OC.