Microbiological diagnostics of viral hepatitis

Abstract

Viral hepatitis is an infection that primarily affects the liverbut may also have systemic clinical manifestations. The vastmajority of viral hepatitis are caused by one of five hepatotropicviruses: hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV),hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis D (delta) virus (HDV), andhepatitis E virus (HEV) (Table I) [1]. HBV, HCV, and HDValso cause chronic hepatitis, whereas HAV does not. HEVcauses acute hepatitis in normal hosts but can cause protractedand chronic hepatitis in immunosuppressed patients.Keywords: Microbiologic diagnosis, Hepatitis A, hepatitis B,Hepatitis C

References

1. Dienstag JL, Delemos AS. Viral hepatitis. In: Bennett
2. JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, editors. Principles and Practice of
3. Infectious Diseases. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier, Saunders
4. 1439-68.
5. Averhoff F, Khudyakov Y, Bell BP. Hepatitis A virus. In
6. Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, editors. Principles and
7. Practice of Infectious Diseases. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier
8. Saunders, 2015: 2095-112.

9. Hoofnagle JH, Di Bisceglie AM. Serological diagnosis of
10. acute and chronic viral hepatitis. Semin Liver Dis 1991; 11
11. -83.
12. Walsh SR, Hepatitis E virus. In: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser
13. MJ, editors. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases.
14. th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier, Saunders, 2015: 2131-41.
15. Thio CL, Hawkins C. Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis delta
16. virus. In: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, editors. Principles
17. and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 8th ed. Philadelphia
18. Elsevier, Saunders, 2015: 1815-39.
19. Iloeje UH, Yang HI, Su J, et al. Predicting cirrhosis risk
20. based on the level of circulating hepatitis B viral load.
21. Gastroenterology. 2006; 130: 678-86.
22. Witt MD, Lewis RJ, Rieg G, Seaberg EC, Rinaldo CR,Thio
23. CL. Predictors of the isolated hepatitis B core antibody pattern
24. in HIV-infected and -uninfected men in the multicenter AIDS
25. cohort study. Clin Infect Dis 2013; 56:606-12.
26. Tong SP, Li JS, Vitvitski L, et al. Evidence for a base-paired
27. region of hepatitis B virus pregenome encapsidation signal
28. which influences the patterns of precore mutations abolishing
29. HBe protein expression. J Virol 1993; 67: 5651-55.
30. Ray SC, Thomas DL. Hepatitis C. In: Bennett JE, Dolin
31. R, Blaser MJ, editors. Principles and Practice of Infectious
32. Diseases. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier, Saunders, 2015
33. -27.
34. Kamili S, Drobeniuc J, Araujo AC, Hayden TM. Laboratory
35. diagnostics for hepatitis C virus infection. Clin Infect Dis
36. 55(suppl 1):S43-S48.