New treatments for chronic hepatitis C infection

Abstract

The goal of HCV treatment is to prevent cirrhosis, hepatocellularcarcinoma, liver-related deaths. The development of direct-actingantiviral (DAA) agents which target various steps in HCV lifecycleled to a revolution by providing nearly complete eradication ofHCV. The new treatment regimens with high cure rates havechanged the standards of care in the regions where patients haveaccess to new treatments. This review addresses the recent updatesin management of chronic hepatitis C infection.Keywords: Hepatitis C, New treatments, Direct antiviral agents

Keywords

• Hepatit C, Yeni tedaviler, Direkt antiviral ajanlar

References

1. Manns MP, McHutchison JG, Gordon SC, et al. Peginterferon
2. alfa-2b plus ribavirin compared with interferon alfa-2b
3. plus ribavirin for initial treatment of chronic hepatitis C: a
4. randomised trial. Lancet 2001;358:958-65.
5. Fried MW, Shiffman ML, Reddy KR, et al. Peginterferon
6. alfa-2a plus ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C virus infection.
7. N Engl J Med 2002;47:975-82.
8. Hadziyannis SJ, Sette H Jr, Morgan TR, et al. Peginterferonalpha2a

9. and ribavirin combination therapy in chronic hepatitis
10. C: a randomized study of treatment duration and ribavirin
11. dose. Ann Intern Med 2004;140:346-55.
12. Bacon BR, Gordon SC, Lawitz E, et al.
13. Boceprevir for previously treated chronic HCV genotype 1
14. infection. N Engl J
15. Med 2011;364:1207–17.
16. Jacobson IM, McHutchison JG, Dusheiko G, et al. Telaprevir
17. for previously untreated chronic hepatitis C virus infection. N
18. Engl J Med 2011;364:2405-16.
19. Poordad F, McCone Jr J, Bacon BR, et al. Boceprevir for
20. untreated chronic HCV genotype 1 infection. N Engl J Med
21. 364:1195-206.
22. Zeuzem S, Andreone P, Pol S, et al. Telaprevir for retreatment
23. of HCV infection. N Engl J Med 2011;364:2417-28.
24. EASL Recommendations on Treatment of Hepatitis C 2015.
25. J Hepatol 2015;63:199-236.
26. AASLD/IDSA/IAS-USA. Recommendations for testing
27. managing, and treating hepatitis C. [Accessed on October
28. .Available from: URL: http://www.hcvguidelines.org
29. Antaki N, Craxi A, Kamal S, et al. The neglected hepatitis C
30. virus genotypes 4, 5, and 6: an international consensus report.
31. Liver Int 2010;30:342-55.
32. Lawitz E, Sulkowski MS, Ghalib R, et al. Simeprevir
33. plus sofosbuvir, with or without ribavirin, to treat chronic
34. infection with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 in non-responders to pegylated interferon and ribavirin and treatment-naive
35. patients: the COSMOS randomised study. Lancet 2014
36. 1756-65.
37. Lawitz E, Mangia A, Wyles D, et al. Sofosbuvir for previously
38. untreated chronic hepatitis C 79. infection. N Engl J Med
39. 368:1878-87.
40. Jacobson IM, Gordon SC, Kowdley KV, et al. Sofosbuvir
41. for hepatitis C genotype 2 or 3 in patients without treatment
42. options. N Engl J Med 2013; 368:1867-77.
43. Afdhal N, Reddy KR, Nelson DR, et al. Ledipasvir and
44. sofosbuvir for previously treated HCV genotype 1 infection.
45. N Engl J Med 2014;370:1483-93.
46. Afdhal N, Zeuzem S, Kwo P, et al. Ledipasvir and sofosbuvir
47. for untreated HCV genotype 1 infection. N Engl J Med 2014
48. 1889-98.
49. Kowdley KV, Gordon SC, Reddy KR, et al. Ledipasvir
50. and sofosbuvir for 8 or 12 weeks for chronic HCV without
51. cirrhosis. N Engl J Med 2014;370:1879-88.
52. Sulkowski MS, Gardiner DF, Rodriguez-Torres M, et al.
53. Daclatasvir plus sofosbuvir for previously treated or untreated
54. chronic HCV infection. N Engl J Med 2014;370:211–21.
55. Wyles DL, Ruane PJ, Sulkowski MS, et al. Daclatasvir plus
56. Sofosbuvir for HCV in patients coinected with HIV-1. N Eng
57. J Med 2015;373:714-25.
58. Feld JJ, Kowdley KV, Coakley E, Sigal S, Nelson DR
59. Crawford D. Treatment of HCV with ABT-450/rombitasvir
60. and dasabuvir with ribavirin. N Engl J Med 2014; 370:1594-
61. Zeuzem S, Jacobson IM, Baykal T, et al. Retreatment of HCV
62. with ABT-450/r-ombitasvir and dasabuvir with ribavirin. N
63. Engl J Med 2014;370:1604-14.
64. Andreone P, Colombo MG, Enejosa JV, Koksal I, Ferenci
65. P, Maieron A. ABT-450, ritonavir, ombitasvir, and dasabuvir
66. achieves 97% and 100% sustained virologic response with or
67. without ribavirin in treatmentexperienced patients with HCV
68. genotype 1b infection. Gastroenterology 2014; 147:359-365.
69. e1.
70. Ferenci P, Bernstein D, Lalezari J, Cohen D, Luo Y, Cooper
71. C. ABT-450/r-ombitasvir and dasabuvir with or without
72. ribavirin for HCV. N Engl J Med 2014; 370:1983-92.
73. Poordad F, Hezode C, Trinh R, et al. ABT-450/r-ombitasvir
74. and dasabuvir with ribavirin for hepatitis C with cirrhosis. N
75. Engl J Med 2014;370:1973-82.
76. Kwo P, Gitlin N, Nahass R, et al. A phase 3, randomised
77. open-label study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 8 and
78. weeks of simeprevir (SMV) plus sofosbuvir (SOF) in
79. treatment-naive and –experienced patients with chronic HCV
80. genotype 1 infection without cirrhosis: Optimist-1. J Hepatol
81. 62 (Suppl 2): S270.
82. Lawitz E, Matusow G, DeJesus E, et al. A phase 3, open
83. label, single-arm study to evaluate the efficacy and safety
84. of 12 weeks of simeprevir (SMV) plus sofosbuvir (SOF) in
85. treatment-naive or –experienced patients with chronic HCV
86. genotype 1 infection and cirrhosis: Optimist-2. J Hepatol
87. 62 (Suppl 2): S264-265.
88. Andriulli A, Mangia A, Iacobellis A, et al. Meta-analysis
89. The outcome of antiviral therapy in HCV genotype 2 and
90. genotype 3 infected patients with chronic hepatitis. Aliment
91. Pharmacol Ther 2008; 28: 397-404.
92. Nelson DR, Cooper JN, Lalezari JP, et al, for the ALLY-3
93. Study Team. All-oral 12-week treatment with daclatasvir
94. plus sofosbuvir in patients with hepatitis C virus genotype
95. infection: ALLY-3 phase III study. Hepatology
96. 61:1127-35.
97. Hezode C, De Ledinghen V, Fonatine H, et al. Daclatasvir
98. plus sofosbuvir with or without ribavirin in patients with
99. HCV genotype 3 infection: Interim analysis of a French
100. multicenter compassionate program. J Hepatol 2015; 62
101. (Suppl 2): S265-266.
102. Mohamoud YA, Mumtaz GR, Riome S, et al. The
103. epidemiology of hepatitis C virus in Egypt: a systematic
104. review and data synthesis. BMC Infect Dis 2013;13:1-21.