Abstract
Objective: In this study we have used different methods for the preparation of liposomes to encapsulate antioxidant molecules and have determined whether they retain their antioxidant activities. We have compared different methods and determined the most suitable method for preparation of liposomes containing watersoluble and lipid-soluble antioxidants. Materials and Methods: Different preparative techniques such as thin-film hydration, reverse-phase evaporation, freezethaw and periodic sonication were used to produce liposomes. These methods were used to encapsulate different antioxidant molecules and were compared for antioxidant activity. Light microscopy, fluorescence microscopy and particle size analyzers were used in order to characterize the prepared liposomes and to analyze their particle size, distribution and shape. Results: Liposomes containing water-soluble antioxidants such as vitamin C and polyphenols and fat-soluble antioxidant vitamin E were prepared. The separation of free molecules from those that were liposomed was performed with Sephadex G-25 gel filtration chromatography. The antioxidant activity of vitamin E liposomes was highest in comparison to the others. Conclusion: Among the methods we have used for preparing liposomes sonication is the fastest and also most advantageous because organic solvents such as methanol or chloroform are not used during preparation. Both water-soluble antioxidant molecules and lipid-soluble antioxidants could be prepared with this method and preserved their activities
References
- 1. Dröge W. Free radicals in the physiological control of cell function. Physiol Rev 2002; 82: 47–95.
- 2. Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC. Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine. 4th ed. Oxford:Oxford University Press, 2007.
- 3. Li YR. Free Radical Biomedicine: Principles, Clinical Correlations, and Methodologies. Bentham Science Publishers, 2012. doi: 10.2174/97816080532231120101000i
- 4. Yalçın AS. Antioksidanlar. Klinik Gelişim, (Serbest Radikaller ve Antioksidanlar Özel Sayısı), 1998; 11: 342-6.
- 5. Carocho M, Ferreira ICFR. A review on antioxidants, prooxidants and related controversy: Natural and synthetic compounds, screening and analysis methodologies and future perspectives. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 51: 15–25.
- 6. Bangham AD. Model for biological membranes. New Sci 1971; 49: 63–4.
- 7. Lasic DD. Novel applications of liposomes. Trends Biotechnol 1998; 16: 307-21.
- 8. Uhumwangho MU, Okor RS. Current trends in the production and biomedical applications of liposomes: a review. J Med Biomed Res 2005; 4: 9-21.
- 9. Ohsawa T, Miura H, Harada K. Evaluation of a new liposome preparation technique, freeze-thawing method, using L-Asparaginase as a model drug. Chem Pharm Bull 1985; 33: 2916-23.
- 10. Cortesi R, Esposito E, Gambarin S, Telloli P, Menegatti E, Nastruzzi C. Preparation of liposomes by reverse-phase evaporation using alternative organic solvents. J Microencapsul 1999; 16: 251-6.
- 11. Mueller M, Mueller-Goymann CC. Influence of temperature on the manufacturing of liposomes. Arch Pharm Med Chem 2001; 334 (Suppl. 2): 79.
- 12. Lapinski MM, Castro-Forero A, Greiner AJ, Ofoli RY, Blanchard GJ. Comparison of liposomes formed by sonication and extrusion: Rotational and translational diffusion of an embedded chromophore. Langmuir 2007; 23: 11677-83.
- 13. Apak R, Güçlü K, Özyürek M, Karademir SE, Erçağ E. The cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity and polyphenolic content of some herbal teas. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2006; 57: 292-304.
- 14. Stone WL, Smith M. Therapeutic uses of antioxidant liposomes. Mol Biotechnol 2004; 27: 217-30.
- 15. Hoesel LM, Flierl MA, Niederbichler AD, et al. Ability of antioxidant liposomes to prevent acute and progressive pulmonary injury. Antioxid Redox Sign 2008; 10: 973-81.
- 16. Paromov V, Kumari S, Brannon M, et al. Protective effect of liposome-encapsulated glutathione in a human epidermal model exposed to a mustard gas analog. J Toxicol 2011; Article ID 109516, 11 pages. doi:10.1155/2011/109516
- 17. Sinha J, Das N, Basu MK. Liposomal antioxidants in combating ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat brain. Biomed Pharmacother 2001; 55: 264-71.
- 18. Torchilin VP, Weissig V. Liposomes 2. Boston:Oxford University Press, 2003.
- 19. Yalçın AS, Türkoğlu M. Süt serumu proteinlerinin lipozomlanması. Marmara Med J 2010; 23: 22-9.
- 20. Crommelin DJA , Storm G. Pharmaceutical aspects of liposomes: preparation, characterization and stability. BW Müller, ed. Controlled Drug Delivery. Stuttgart: Wissenschaftlicht Verlagsgesellschaft, 1987: 80–91.
- 21. Bozkır A, Koçyiğit S. Lipozomların fiziksel ve kimyasal stabilitelerinin incelenmesi. Ankara Ecz Fak Der 1995; 24: 42-52.
- 22. Braun E, Wagner A, Fürnschlief E, Katinger H, Vorauer-Uhl K. Experimental design for in vitro skin penetration study of liposomal superoxide dismutase. J Pharmaceut Biomed 2006; 40: 1187-97.
C vitamini, E vitamini ve polifenol ekstresi içeren lipozomların eldesi ve antioksidan aktivitelerinin karşılaştırılması
Abstract
Amaç: Çalışmamızda, antioksidan moleküllerin değişik lipozom hazırlama yöntemleri ile lipozomlanması ve lipozom yapısında iken aktivitelerini koruyup korumadıklarının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca, lipozom elde etme yöntemleri karşılaştırılarak suda ve yağda çözünen antioksidanların lipozomlanması için en uygun yöntemin belirlenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: İnce-tabaka, dondurma-çözme, ters-faz buharlaştırma ve sonikasyon yöntemleriyle lipozom eldesi yapıldıktan sonra bu yöntemler antioksidan moleküllere uygulandı ve elde edilen sonuçlar antioksidan aktivite açısından karşılaştırıldı. Hazırlanan lipozomların karakterizasyonunda ışık mikroskobu, floresan mikroskop ve parçacık boyut analizöründen yararlanıldı ve lipozomların büyüklük, dağılım ve şekilleri incelendi. Bulgular: Suda çözünür antioksidanlardan C vitamini ile polifenol ekstresi ve yağda çözünür özellikteki E vitamini değişik yöntemlerle lipozomlandı. Lipozomlanmış ve lipozomlanmamış moleküllerin ayrımı Sephadex G-25 kolon kromatografisi ile gerçekleştirildi. Elde edilen lipozomların antioksidan aktiviteleri karşılaştırıldığında aşamalı sonikasyon yöntemiyle elde edilen E vitaminli lipozomların en yüksek aktiviteye sahip olduğu bulundu. Sonuç: Çalışmamızda kullandığımız yöntemlerden sonikasyon yöntemi en uygun yöntem olarak değerlendirildi. Bu yöntemin diğer yöntemlere göre avantajları kısa sürede sonuçlanması ve organik çözücü gerektirmemesi olarak değerlendirildi. Sonikasyon yöntemi ile hem suda çözünen hem de yağda çözünen antioksidanların lipozomlanabildiği ve antioksidanların lipozom yapısında aktivitelerini korudukları gösterildi.
References
- 1. Dröge W. Free radicals in the physiological control of cell function. Physiol Rev 2002; 82: 47–95.
- 2. Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC. Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine. 4th ed. Oxford:Oxford University Press, 2007.
- 3. Li YR. Free Radical Biomedicine: Principles, Clinical Correlations, and Methodologies. Bentham Science Publishers, 2012. doi: 10.2174/97816080532231120101000i
- 4. Yalçın AS. Antioksidanlar. Klinik Gelişim, (Serbest Radikaller ve Antioksidanlar Özel Sayısı), 1998; 11: 342-6.
- 5. Carocho M, Ferreira ICFR. A review on antioxidants, prooxidants and related controversy: Natural and synthetic compounds, screening and analysis methodologies and future perspectives. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 51: 15–25.
- 6. Bangham AD. Model for biological membranes. New Sci 1971; 49: 63–4.
- 7. Lasic DD. Novel applications of liposomes. Trends Biotechnol 1998; 16: 307-21.
- 8. Uhumwangho MU, Okor RS. Current trends in the production and biomedical applications of liposomes: a review. J Med Biomed Res 2005; 4: 9-21.
- 9. Ohsawa T, Miura H, Harada K. Evaluation of a new liposome preparation technique, freeze-thawing method, using L-Asparaginase as a model drug. Chem Pharm Bull 1985; 33: 2916-23.
- 10. Cortesi R, Esposito E, Gambarin S, Telloli P, Menegatti E, Nastruzzi C. Preparation of liposomes by reverse-phase evaporation using alternative organic solvents. J Microencapsul 1999; 16: 251-6.
- 11. Mueller M, Mueller-Goymann CC. Influence of temperature on the manufacturing of liposomes. Arch Pharm Med Chem 2001; 334 (Suppl. 2): 79.
- 12. Lapinski MM, Castro-Forero A, Greiner AJ, Ofoli RY, Blanchard GJ. Comparison of liposomes formed by sonication and extrusion: Rotational and translational diffusion of an embedded chromophore. Langmuir 2007; 23: 11677-83.
- 13. Apak R, Güçlü K, Özyürek M, Karademir SE, Erçağ E. The cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity and polyphenolic content of some herbal teas. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2006; 57: 292-304.
- 14. Stone WL, Smith M. Therapeutic uses of antioxidant liposomes. Mol Biotechnol 2004; 27: 217-30.
- 15. Hoesel LM, Flierl MA, Niederbichler AD, et al. Ability of antioxidant liposomes to prevent acute and progressive pulmonary injury. Antioxid Redox Sign 2008; 10: 973-81.
- 16. Paromov V, Kumari S, Brannon M, et al. Protective effect of liposome-encapsulated glutathione in a human epidermal model exposed to a mustard gas analog. J Toxicol 2011; Article ID 109516, 11 pages. doi:10.1155/2011/109516
- 17. Sinha J, Das N, Basu MK. Liposomal antioxidants in combating ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat brain. Biomed Pharmacother 2001; 55: 264-71.
- 18. Torchilin VP, Weissig V. Liposomes 2. Boston:Oxford University Press, 2003.
- 19. Yalçın AS, Türkoğlu M. Süt serumu proteinlerinin lipozomlanması. Marmara Med J 2010; 23: 22-9.
- 20. Crommelin DJA , Storm G. Pharmaceutical aspects of liposomes: preparation, characterization and stability. BW Müller, ed. Controlled Drug Delivery. Stuttgart: Wissenschaftlicht Verlagsgesellschaft, 1987: 80–91.
- 21. Bozkır A, Koçyiğit S. Lipozomların fiziksel ve kimyasal stabilitelerinin incelenmesi. Ankara Ecz Fak Der 1995; 24: 42-52.
- 22. Braun E, Wagner A, Fürnschlief E, Katinger H, Vorauer-Uhl K. Experimental design for in vitro skin penetration study of liposomal superoxide dismutase. J Pharmaceut Biomed 2006; 40: 1187-97.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | March 30, 2015 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2014 |