Glokom, Parkinson hastalığı ve nörodejenerasyon

Abstract

Glokom, ilerleyici retinal ganglion hücre (RGH) çümü ile karakterize olup, geri dönüşümsüz görme kaybına neden olan bir hastalıktır. Glokomatöz nörodejenerasyonun patogenezinde göz içi basıncından bağımsız mekanizmalar gündeme gelmiştir ve bu mekanizmalar Alzheimer ve Parkinson hastalığı gibi nörodejeneratif hastalıkların patogenezi ile benzerlikler göstermektedir. Etyopatogenezde ortak noktalar tespit edilmiş olsa da glokom ve nörodejeneratif hastalıklar arasındaki ilişki net değildir. Optik koherens tomografi (OKT), glokomlu hastalarda RGH hasarına bağlı olarak, etkilenen retina sinir lifi tabakasının (RSLT) non-invaziv olarak görüntülenmesini sağlayan bir görüntüleme yöntemidir. Son zamanlarda OKT ile RSLT kalınlık ölçümleri, Parkinson hastalığı gibi nörodejeneratif hastalıklarda da çalışılmaya başlanmıştır. Aksonal hasar varlığında yapısal değişiklikler gösteren RSLT, nörodejenerasyonun invivo olarak tespit edilebilmesi için uygun bir model olmakta ve son zamanlarda glokomla ortak patogenezi olan ve nöron hasarı ile karakterize nörodejeneratif hastalıklarda, RSLT kalınlık ölçümlerinin takibi gündeme gelmektedir. Biz bu yazımızda, glakom, Parkinson hastalığı ve nörodejenerasyon arasındaki ilişikiyi anlatmağa çalıştık.

Keywords

• Dönüşümsüz görme kaybı, Nörodejeneratif hastalıklar, Nöroprotektif tedavi

Glokom, Parkinson hastalığı ve nörodejenerasyon

Abstract

Glaucoma is a disease that causes irreversible vision loss characterized by progressive retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death. The mechanisms independent of intraocular pressure are also implicated in glaucomatous degeneration pathogenesis and numerous similarities exist between glaucoma and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Although, there is a common pathway between glaucoma and neurodegenerative disorders, pathogenesis of the relationship between neurodegenerative disorders and glaucoma remains poorly undefined. Optical coherence tomography (OCT), noninvasively quantifies the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) which is effected due to RGC damage in glaucomatous patients. Recently, RNFL thickness measurements have been studied by using OCT in several neurodegenerative conditions, including Parkinson’s disease. The RNFL is unique as a model of neurodegeneration where the changes in its structure is represented with axonal damage. RNFL thickness measurements are important in neurodegenerative disorders which are characterized with neuronal loss and have common pathogenesis with glaucoma.In this review, we emphasize the relationship between glaucoma, Parkinson’s disease and neurodegeneration

Keywords

• Irreversible vision loss, Neurodegenerative disorders, Neuroprotective therapy

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