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Abstract

As a result of finding novel ribonucleic acid (RNA)’s and identifying their functions, it is now known that RNAs play a very important role for living organisms. Particularly, the ncRNAs (non-coding RNAs), which cover 62% of the genome, participate in the regulation of important processes such as cellular defense, development, differentiation, DNA replication, transcription and post-transcriptional silencing. Not surprisingly, therefore, their disruption has been linked to diseases such as cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, immunodeficiency, and cardiovascular diseases. ncRNAs have become the targets and tools of novel therapeutic approaches. By the help of identifying all functional ncRNAs that are encoded in the human genome, new therapeutic approaches may be developed and clinical trials using ncRNAbased molecules may be achieved. In this paper, we review the

Keywords

• Non-coding RNAs, Diseases, Therapeutic applications

Tedavi yaklaşımlarında yeni bir dönem: Kodlamayan RNA’lar ve hastalıklar

Abstract

Yeni ribonükleik asit (RNA)’lerin bulunması ve işlevlerinin tanımlanmasıyla, RNA’ların canlı yaşamı için çok önemli süreçlerde rol oynadıkları belirlenmiştir. Özellikle insan genomunun %62’sini (ENCODE Consortium) kapsayan ncRNA (kodlamayan RNA)’ların hücresel savunmada, gelişimsel süreçlerde, farklılaşmada, DNA replikasyonunda, transkripsiyonda ve post-transkripsiyonel susturumda görev aldıkları gösterilmiştir. ncRNA’larda meydana gelen bozukluklar birçok hastalığa yol açmaktadır. İlişkili oldukları hastalıklardan bazıları kanserler, nörodejeneratif hastalıklar, immün yetmezlik hastalıkları ve kardiyovasküler hastalıklardır. Hastalıklardan sorumlu oldukları düşünülen ncRNA’lar, yeni tedavi yaklaşımlarında hem hedef hem de araç olarak görülmektedirler. İnsan genomundaki tüm ncRNA’ların işlevlerinin aydınlatılmasıyla yeni tedavi yaklaşımları geliştirilebilecektir. Bu derlemede, kodlanmayan RNA’ların çeşitleri, hastalıklarla olan ilişkileri, ve tanı-tedavi amaçlı kullanımlarıyla ilgili literatüre dayalı değerlendirme yapılmıştır.

Keywords

• Kodlamayan RNA’lar, Hastalıklar, Tedavi

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