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VISUALISATION OF THE UPTAKE OF PROLACTIN (PRL) IN RAT EMBRYONIC TISSUES

Year 1999, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 11 - 19, 03.12.2016

Abstract

Objective: Evidences implicate roles for prolactin (PRL) in the regulation of embryonic growth. To clarify the roles of PRL in rat embryogenesis we examined the uptake and expression of the hormone in embryonic tissues.
Methods: Nine and a half day postimplantation rat embryos were cultured in vitro for 44h in rat serum and serum depleted of low molecular weight molecules (retenate). The embryos were transferred to M199 for the last 4h, and 12.8 ng/ml rat PRL was added to culture medium for different times (4h - 15 min) and/or different temperatures (37°C and 4°C). As a control tissue, pituitary glands from 11.5 and 18.5d pregnant rats were used. Embryos and tissues were then examined by an indirect immunofluorescence protocol.
Results: The pituitary glands showed positive immunoreactivity for anti-PRL antibody whilst there was no stain in the control brain tissue. Immunoreactivity was observed in embryos grown in rat serum, and intensity was much greater in the presence of additional rat PRL, whilst there was no immunoreactivity detected in those grown in retenate only. Shorter incubations and incubations at 37°C caused a greater immunoreactivity for PRL, suggesting that this is an active and temperature dependent metabolic process.
Conclusion: These results show the uptake and distribution of PRL by the yolk sac and embryonic tissues which might be interpreted for the presence of PRL receptors.
Key Words: Prolactin receptors; Organogenesis; Embryo culture; Development

References

  • Ogren L, Talamantes F. Frolactins of pregnancy and their cellular source. Int Rev Cytol 1988; 112: 1-65.
  • Freemark FI, Kirk K, Pihoker J, Robertson P1J, Shiu RFC, Driscoll P. Pregnancy lactogens in the rat conceptus and fetus: Circulating levels, distribution of binding, and expression of receptor messenger ribonucleic acid. Endocrinology 1995; 155: 1850- 1842.
  • Dhaniderry R, Ulane RE, Prolactin binding in the developing rat feta! liver. Life Sci 1984; 55: 755- 740.
  • Royster FI, Driscoll P, Kelly PA, Freemark FI. The
  • prolactin receptor in the fetal rat: cellular
  • localization of messenger ribonucleic acid, immunoreactive protein, and ligand-binding activity and induction of expression in late gestation. Endocrinology 1995; 156: 5892-5900.
  • Freemark FI, Fiagano FI, Edery FI, Kelly PA. Prolactin receptor gene expression in the fetal rat. J Endocrinol 1995; 144: 285-292.
  • Freemark FI, Dricsoll P, Andrews J, Kelly PA, Royster FI. Ontogenesis of prolactin receptor gene expression in the rat olfactory system: potential roles for lactogenic hormones in olfactory development. Endocrinology 1996; 157: 954-942.
  • Clements JA, Reyes FI, Winter JSD, Faiman C. Studies on human sexual development IV. Fetal pituitary and serum, and amniotic fluid concentrations of prolactin. J Clin Endocrinol Fletab 1977; 44: 408-415.
  • Karabulut AK, Pratten FIK. Species-specificity of growth promoting effects of prolactin during rat embryogenesis. J Anat 1998; 192: 1-12.
  • Marmara Medical Journal Volume 12 No: 1 January 1999
  • Karabulut AK, Layfield R, Pratten MK. The mechanism of growth-promoting effects of prolactin in embryogenesis-links to growth factors. Acta Anatomica 1998; (In press).
  • Kelly PA, Ali S, Rozakis M, et al. The growth hormone/prolactin receptor. Recent Prog ftorm Res 1993; 48: 123-164.
  • I. Boutin JM, Jolicoeur C, Okamura fl, et al. Cloning and expression of the rat prolactin receptor, a member the growth hormone/prolactin receptor gene family. Cell 1988; 53: 69-77.
  • ¡2. Ou ht it A, Morel G, Kelly PA. Visualization of gene expression of short and long forms of prolactin receptor in the rat. Endocrinology 1993; 133: 135- 144.
  • Mew DAT. Whole embryo culture and the study of mammalian embryos during organogenesis. Biol Rev 1978; 53: 81-122.
  • Duncan R, Lloyd JB. Pinocytosis in the rat visceral yolk sac: effect of temperature, metabolic inhibitors and some other modifiers. Biochim Biophys Acta 1978; 544: 647-655.
  • Chiu S, Koos RD, Wise PM. Detection of prolactin receptor (PRL-R) mRMA in the rat hypothalamus and pituitary gland. Endocrinology 1992; 130: 1747- 1 749.
  • tluxham IM, Beck F. Receptor mediated coated vesicle transport of rat IgG across the 11.5 day in vitro rat yolk sac endoderm. Cell Biol Int Rep 1981; 5: 1073-1081.
  • 7. Andrews KE, Pratten MK, Beck F. Epidermal growth factor: pinocytosis and effect on embryonic development. Biochem Soc Trans 1987; 15: 920- 921.
  • McArdle flj, Priscott PK. Uptake and metabolism of transferrin and albumin by rat visceral yolk sac placenta. Am J Physiol 1984; 247: C409-C414.
  • Cumberland PFT, Pratten MK. Differences in binding characteristics of rat and human transferrin by rat visceral yolk sac placenta. Placenta 1993; 14: 287- 307.
  • Weisbecker U, Ibbotson GE, Livesey G, Williams KE. The fate of homologous 125 I labelled immunoglobulin G within rat visceral yolk sacs incubated in vitro. Biochem J 1983; 214:815-822.
  • Cowley EA, Pratten MK. Processing of fluorescently labelled insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 by the rat visceral yolk sac. Placenta 1996; I 7: 321 - 327.
  • Pratten MK, Lloyd JB, Effects of temperature, metabolic inhibitors and some other factors on fluid phase and adsorptive pinocytosis by rat peritoneal macrophages. Biochem J 1979; 180: 567-571.
  • Gu Y, Jataliyak PG, Parmer TG, Gauldie J, Eey Gtl, Gibori G. cx2 - macroglobulin expression in the mesometrial decidua and its regulation by decidual luteotropin and prolactin. Endocrinology 1992; 131: 1321-1328.
  • Scott P, Kessler MA, Schuler LA. Molecular cloning of the bovine prolactin receptor and distribution of prolactin and growth hormone receptor transcripts in fetal and utero-placental tissues. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1992; 89: 47-58.
  • Rilemma JA, Campbell GS, Lawson DM, Cartersu C. Evidence for a rapid stimulation of tyrosine kinase activity by prolactin in Mb2 rat lymphoma cells. Endocrinology 1992; 131: 973-975.
  • Rui H, Djeu JY, Evans GA, Kelly PA, Farrar lML. Prolactin receptor triggering-Evidence for rapid tyrosine kinase activation. J Biol Chem 1992; 267: 24076-24081.
  • Fan G, Carbajo P, Rilemma JA. Possible role of tyrosine kinases in the prolactin stimulation of cell- division in Mb2 node lymphoma-cells. Horm Metab Res 1993; 25: 256-258.
  • Buckley AR, Buckley DJ, Gout PW, Liang HQ, Rao YB, Blake MJ. Inhibition by genistein of prolactin- induced Mb2 lymphoma cell mitogenesis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1993; 98: 17-25,
  • Lebrun JJ, Ali S, Sofer L, Ullrich A, Kelly PA. Prolactin-induced proliferation of Mb2 cells involves tyrosine phosphorylation of the prolactin receptor and its associated tyrosine kinase JAK2. J Biol Chem 1994; 269:14021-14026.
  • Rao YP, Buckley DJ, Buckley AR. Rapid activation of mitogen-activated protein-kinase and P21 (RAS) by prolactin and interleukin-2 in rat Mb2 lymphoma cells. Cell Growth Differ 1995; 6: 1235-1244.
  • Carey GB, Liberti JP. Stimulation of receptor- associated kinase, tyrosine kinase, and MAP kinase is required for prolactin-mediated macromolecular biosynthesis and mitogenesis in Mb2 lymhoma. Arch Biochem Biophys 1995; 316: 179-189.
  • Das R, Vonderhaar BK. Activation of RAF-1 MEK, and MAP kinase in prolactin responsive mammary cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1996; 40: 141-149.
Year 1999, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 11 - 19, 03.12.2016

Abstract

References

  • Ogren L, Talamantes F. Frolactins of pregnancy and their cellular source. Int Rev Cytol 1988; 112: 1-65.
  • Freemark FI, Kirk K, Pihoker J, Robertson P1J, Shiu RFC, Driscoll P. Pregnancy lactogens in the rat conceptus and fetus: Circulating levels, distribution of binding, and expression of receptor messenger ribonucleic acid. Endocrinology 1995; 155: 1850- 1842.
  • Dhaniderry R, Ulane RE, Prolactin binding in the developing rat feta! liver. Life Sci 1984; 55: 755- 740.
  • Royster FI, Driscoll P, Kelly PA, Freemark FI. The
  • prolactin receptor in the fetal rat: cellular
  • localization of messenger ribonucleic acid, immunoreactive protein, and ligand-binding activity and induction of expression in late gestation. Endocrinology 1995; 156: 5892-5900.
  • Freemark FI, Fiagano FI, Edery FI, Kelly PA. Prolactin receptor gene expression in the fetal rat. J Endocrinol 1995; 144: 285-292.
  • Freemark FI, Dricsoll P, Andrews J, Kelly PA, Royster FI. Ontogenesis of prolactin receptor gene expression in the rat olfactory system: potential roles for lactogenic hormones in olfactory development. Endocrinology 1996; 157: 954-942.
  • Clements JA, Reyes FI, Winter JSD, Faiman C. Studies on human sexual development IV. Fetal pituitary and serum, and amniotic fluid concentrations of prolactin. J Clin Endocrinol Fletab 1977; 44: 408-415.
  • Karabulut AK, Pratten FIK. Species-specificity of growth promoting effects of prolactin during rat embryogenesis. J Anat 1998; 192: 1-12.
  • Marmara Medical Journal Volume 12 No: 1 January 1999
  • Karabulut AK, Layfield R, Pratten MK. The mechanism of growth-promoting effects of prolactin in embryogenesis-links to growth factors. Acta Anatomica 1998; (In press).
  • Kelly PA, Ali S, Rozakis M, et al. The growth hormone/prolactin receptor. Recent Prog ftorm Res 1993; 48: 123-164.
  • I. Boutin JM, Jolicoeur C, Okamura fl, et al. Cloning and expression of the rat prolactin receptor, a member the growth hormone/prolactin receptor gene family. Cell 1988; 53: 69-77.
  • ¡2. Ou ht it A, Morel G, Kelly PA. Visualization of gene expression of short and long forms of prolactin receptor in the rat. Endocrinology 1993; 133: 135- 144.
  • Mew DAT. Whole embryo culture and the study of mammalian embryos during organogenesis. Biol Rev 1978; 53: 81-122.
  • Duncan R, Lloyd JB. Pinocytosis in the rat visceral yolk sac: effect of temperature, metabolic inhibitors and some other modifiers. Biochim Biophys Acta 1978; 544: 647-655.
  • Chiu S, Koos RD, Wise PM. Detection of prolactin receptor (PRL-R) mRMA in the rat hypothalamus and pituitary gland. Endocrinology 1992; 130: 1747- 1 749.
  • tluxham IM, Beck F. Receptor mediated coated vesicle transport of rat IgG across the 11.5 day in vitro rat yolk sac endoderm. Cell Biol Int Rep 1981; 5: 1073-1081.
  • 7. Andrews KE, Pratten MK, Beck F. Epidermal growth factor: pinocytosis and effect on embryonic development. Biochem Soc Trans 1987; 15: 920- 921.
  • McArdle flj, Priscott PK. Uptake and metabolism of transferrin and albumin by rat visceral yolk sac placenta. Am J Physiol 1984; 247: C409-C414.
  • Cumberland PFT, Pratten MK. Differences in binding characteristics of rat and human transferrin by rat visceral yolk sac placenta. Placenta 1993; 14: 287- 307.
  • Weisbecker U, Ibbotson GE, Livesey G, Williams KE. The fate of homologous 125 I labelled immunoglobulin G within rat visceral yolk sacs incubated in vitro. Biochem J 1983; 214:815-822.
  • Cowley EA, Pratten MK. Processing of fluorescently labelled insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 by the rat visceral yolk sac. Placenta 1996; I 7: 321 - 327.
  • Pratten MK, Lloyd JB, Effects of temperature, metabolic inhibitors and some other factors on fluid phase and adsorptive pinocytosis by rat peritoneal macrophages. Biochem J 1979; 180: 567-571.
  • Gu Y, Jataliyak PG, Parmer TG, Gauldie J, Eey Gtl, Gibori G. cx2 - macroglobulin expression in the mesometrial decidua and its regulation by decidual luteotropin and prolactin. Endocrinology 1992; 131: 1321-1328.
  • Scott P, Kessler MA, Schuler LA. Molecular cloning of the bovine prolactin receptor and distribution of prolactin and growth hormone receptor transcripts in fetal and utero-placental tissues. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1992; 89: 47-58.
  • Rilemma JA, Campbell GS, Lawson DM, Cartersu C. Evidence for a rapid stimulation of tyrosine kinase activity by prolactin in Mb2 rat lymphoma cells. Endocrinology 1992; 131: 973-975.
  • Rui H, Djeu JY, Evans GA, Kelly PA, Farrar lML. Prolactin receptor triggering-Evidence for rapid tyrosine kinase activation. J Biol Chem 1992; 267: 24076-24081.
  • Fan G, Carbajo P, Rilemma JA. Possible role of tyrosine kinases in the prolactin stimulation of cell- division in Mb2 node lymphoma-cells. Horm Metab Res 1993; 25: 256-258.
  • Buckley AR, Buckley DJ, Gout PW, Liang HQ, Rao YB, Blake MJ. Inhibition by genistein of prolactin- induced Mb2 lymphoma cell mitogenesis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1993; 98: 17-25,
  • Lebrun JJ, Ali S, Sofer L, Ullrich A, Kelly PA. Prolactin-induced proliferation of Mb2 cells involves tyrosine phosphorylation of the prolactin receptor and its associated tyrosine kinase JAK2. J Biol Chem 1994; 269:14021-14026.
  • Rao YP, Buckley DJ, Buckley AR. Rapid activation of mitogen-activated protein-kinase and P21 (RAS) by prolactin and interleukin-2 in rat Mb2 lymphoma cells. Cell Growth Differ 1995; 6: 1235-1244.
  • Carey GB, Liberti JP. Stimulation of receptor- associated kinase, tyrosine kinase, and MAP kinase is required for prolactin-mediated macromolecular biosynthesis and mitogenesis in Mb2 lymhoma. Arch Biochem Biophys 1995; 316: 179-189.
  • Das R, Vonderhaar BK. Activation of RAF-1 MEK, and MAP kinase in prolactin responsive mammary cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1996; 40: 141-149.
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Original Research
Authors

Kağan Karabulut This is me

Harun Ülger This is me

Margaret Pratten This is me

Publication Date December 3, 2016
Published in Issue Year 1999 Volume: 12 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Karabulut, K., Ülger, H., & Pratten, M. (2016). VISUALISATION OF THE UPTAKE OF PROLACTIN (PRL) IN RAT EMBRYONIC TISSUES. Marmara Medical Journal, 12(1), 11-19.
AMA Karabulut K, Ülger H, Pratten M. VISUALISATION OF THE UPTAKE OF PROLACTIN (PRL) IN RAT EMBRYONIC TISSUES. Marmara Med J. June 2016;12(1):11-19.
Chicago Karabulut, Kağan, Harun Ülger, and Margaret Pratten. “VISUALISATION OF THE UPTAKE OF PROLACTIN (PRL) IN RAT EMBRYONIC TISSUES”. Marmara Medical Journal 12, no. 1 (June 2016): 11-19.
EndNote Karabulut K, Ülger H, Pratten M (June 1, 2016) VISUALISATION OF THE UPTAKE OF PROLACTIN (PRL) IN RAT EMBRYONIC TISSUES. Marmara Medical Journal 12 1 11–19.
IEEE K. Karabulut, H. Ülger, and M. Pratten, “VISUALISATION OF THE UPTAKE OF PROLACTIN (PRL) IN RAT EMBRYONIC TISSUES”, Marmara Med J, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 11–19, 2016.
ISNAD Karabulut, Kağan et al. “VISUALISATION OF THE UPTAKE OF PROLACTIN (PRL) IN RAT EMBRYONIC TISSUES”. Marmara Medical Journal 12/1 (June 2016), 11-19.
JAMA Karabulut K, Ülger H, Pratten M. VISUALISATION OF THE UPTAKE OF PROLACTIN (PRL) IN RAT EMBRYONIC TISSUES. Marmara Med J. 2016;12:11–19.
MLA Karabulut, Kağan et al. “VISUALISATION OF THE UPTAKE OF PROLACTIN (PRL) IN RAT EMBRYONIC TISSUES”. Marmara Medical Journal, vol. 12, no. 1, 2016, pp. 11-19.
Vancouver Karabulut K, Ülger H, Pratten M. VISUALISATION OF THE UPTAKE OF PROLACTIN (PRL) IN RAT EMBRYONIC TISSUES. Marmara Med J. 2016;12(1):11-9.