Dimensions and pattern of growth of the femoropatellar groove: A digital metric study on adult and fetal femora

Year 2018, Volume: 31 Issue: 3, 116 - 119, 31.10.2018

Anne D Souza Vrinda Hari Ankolekar Aparna Verma Mamatha Hosapatna Sneha Guruprasad Kalthur

https://doi.org/10.5472/marumj.474183

Abstract

Objectives: A detailed knowledge about the anatomy of the

femoropatellar groove (FPG) and its articulation is essential for the

better understanding of the patellar stability. Therefore, the present

study was carried out to describe the morphology of FPG in adults

and the pattern of its growth in fetuses.

Materials and Methods: Thirty-seven adult dry femora of

unknown age and 24 fetal femora of known gestational age were

included in the study. The dimensions of FPG and its angulations

were calculated digitally using Image J software and were analyzed

statistically.

Results: The femoropatellar angulation ranged from 136.38°

to 142.38°. The dimensions and angulation were correlated with

the gestational age. The dimensions of FPG and the altitude of

lower end of the femur increased significantly with the gestational

age (P<0.05). There was also a significant negative correlation

between the femoropatellar angulation and the gestational age

(P<0.05).

Conclusion: This study provides a database for the parameters

of the adult femora. It also describes the pattern of growth of

the lower end of fetal femur. These findings are essential in

determining the patellar stability during walking.

Keywords

Femoropatellar groove, Fetus, Femur, Patella, Gestational age

Femoropatellar oluk boyutları ve büyüme paterni: Erişkin ve fetal femoral kemik üzerinde dijital metrik bir çalışma

Abstract

Amaç: Femoropatellar oluğun ve eklemlerinin anatomisinin detaylı

bir şekilde bilinmesi, patellar stabilitenin daha iyi anlaşılmasını

sağlar. Bu nedenle, bu çalışma yetişkinlerde FPG morfolojisini ve

fetüslerde büyümenin paternini tanımlamak için yapılmıştır.

Gereçler ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya, yaşları bilinmeyen 37

erişkin kuru femur ve 24 gestational yaşı bilinen fetal femur dahil

edildi. Femur ve angülasyonlarının boyutları Image J yazılımı

kullanılarak dijital olarak hesaplandı ve istatistiksel olarak analiz

edildi.

Bulgular: Femoropatellar angülasyon 136.38 ° ila 142.38 °

arasındaydı. Boyutlar ve angülasyon gebelik yaşı ile korelasyon

göstermektedir. FPG’nin boyutları ve femurun alt ucunun

yüksekliği, gebelik haftası ile anlamlı olarak artmıştır (P<0.05).

Ayrıca, femoropatellar angülasyon ile gestasyonel yaş arasında

anlamlı negatif korelasyon saptanmıştır (P<0.05).

Sonuç: Bu çalışma yetişkin femur parametreleri için bir

veritabanı sağlar. Bu aynı zamanda fetal femurun alt ucunun

büyüme paternini de açıklar. Bu bulgular, yürüme sırasında patellar

stabiliteyi belirlemede esastır.

Keywords

Femoropatellar oluk, Fetus, Gestasyonel yaş, Uyluk, Diz kapağı, Gestasyonel yaş

References

• 1. Nickel R, Schummer A, Seiferle E, Wilkens, Wille KH, Frewein J. The locomotor system of the domestic mammals. The anatomy of domestic animals. Berlin. Hamburg: Verlag Paul Parey, 1986.
• 2. Dwek JR, Chung CB. The patellar extensor apparatus of the knee. Pediatr Radiol 2008;38:925-35. doi: 10.1007/s00247- 008-0746-8.
• 3. Willam P, Lawrence HB, Martin MB. Gray’s Anatomy. 38th edn. London: Churchill Livingstone, 1995.
• 4. Glard Y, Jouve JC, Panuel M, Adalian P, Tardieu C, Bollini G. An anatomical and biometrical study of the femoral trochlear groove in the human fetus. J Anat 2005;206:411-3. doi:10.1002//pd.1024.
• 5. Schindler OS, Scott WN. Basic kinematics and biomechanics of the patello-femoral joint. Part 1: The native patella. Acta Orthop Belg 2011;77:421-31. doi: 10.1007/s00167-013- 2825-0
• 6. Sutton FS Jr, Thompson CH, Lipke J, Kettelkamp DB. The effect of patellectomy onknee function. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1976;58:537-40. doi:10.1242/dev.121970
• 7. Fox JM, Del Pizzo W. The patellofemoral joint, 2nd edition. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1993.
• 8. Goldblatt J, Richmond J. Anatomy and biomechanics of the knee. Operative technique in sports medicine. 2003;11:172- 86. doi: 10.1097/JSA.0b013e318053eb74
• 9. Galland O, Walch G, Dejour H, Carre J. An anatomical and radiological study of the femoropatellar articulation. Surg Radiol Anat 1990;12:119-25. doi.org/10.1078/0949- 328X-00108
• 10. Stäubli HU, Dürrenmatt U, Porcellini B, Rauschning W. Anatomy and surface geometry of the patellofemoral joint in the axial plane. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 1999;81-B:452-8. doi 0301-620X/99/38758
• 11. Doskocil M. Formation of the femoropatellar part of the human knee joint. Folia Morphol 1985;33:38-47. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2005.00400
• 12. Gray D, Gardner E. Prenatal development of the human knee and superior tibiofibular joints. Am J Anat 1950;86:233-87. doi.org/10.1002/aja.1000860204
• 13. Walmsley T. The development of the patella. J Anat 1940;74:360-8.
• 14. Wanner JA. Variations in the anterior patellar groove of the human femur. Am J Phys Anthropol 1977;47:99-102. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2005.00400.x
• 15. Heiple KJ, Lovejoy CO. The distal femoral anatomy of Australopithecus. Am J Phys Anthrop 1971;35:75-84. doi. org/10.1002/ajpa.1330350109
• 16. Tardieu C, Trinkaus E. Early ontogeny of the human femoral bicondylarangle. Am J Phys Anthrop 1994;95:183-95. doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330950206
• 17. Nietosvaara Y. The femoral sulcus in children. An ultrasonographic study. J Bone Joint Surg 1994;76:807-9. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.76B5.8083274
• 18. Aglietti P, Insall JN, Cerulli G. Patellar pain and incongruence: measurements of incongruence. Clin Orthop 1983;176:217- 24.
• 19. Schutzer F, Ramsby GR, Fulkerson JP. The evaluation of patellofemoral pain using computerized tomography: a preliminary study. Clin Orthop 1986;204:286-93.
• 20. Sasaki T, Yagi T. Subluxation of the patella: investigation by computerized tomography. Int Orthop 1986;10:115-20. doi:10.1007/BF00267752
• 21. Hughston JC. Subluxation of the patella. J Bone Joint Surg 1968;50-A:1003-26. doi: 10.1007/BF00267752