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Neoadjuvant treatment in locally advanced rectal cancer

Year 2015, Special Issue :1 Oncology, 16 - 20, 30.09.2015
https://doi.org/10.5472/mmj.43321

Abstract

The optimal treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer
remains an issue of debate. The surgery with total mesorectal
excision (TME) still is the standard of care. In contrast to
TME, the addition of adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy is
necessary in terms of local disease control and to increase of
survival time. Here, we will review neoadjuvant treatment
approach in rectal carcinoma.
Keywords: Rectal neoplasms, Neoadjuvant therapy,
Radiotherapy, Chemotherapy

References

  • 1. Rectal Cancer, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology, Version 2.2015
  • 2. Glimelius B, Pahlman L, Cervantes A, ESMO Guidelines Working Group. Rectal cancer: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 2013;24 (Suppl. 6): vi81–8.5. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdt240
  • 3. Fietkau R, Rodel C, Hohenberger W, et al. Rectal cancer delivery of radiotherapy in adequate time and with adequate dose is influenced by treatment center, treatment schedule, and gender and is prognostic parameter for local control: results of study CAO/ARO/ AIO-94. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007; 67: 1008– 19. doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2006.10.020
  • 4. Roh MS, Colangelo LH, O’Connell MJ, et al. Preoperative multimodality therapy improves diseasefree survival in patients with carcinoma of the rectum (NSABPR-03). J Clin Oncol 2009; 27: 5124–30. doi:10.1200/JCO.2009.22.0467
  • 5. Swedish Rectal Cancer Trial. Improved survival with preoperative radiotherapy in resectable rectal cancer. N Engl J Med 1997;336:980–7. doi:10.1056/ NEJM199704033361402
  • 6. Folkesson J, Birgisson H, Pahlman L, et al. Swedish Rectal Cancer Trial: long lasting benefits from radiotherapy on survival and local recurrence rate. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:5644–50. doi:10.1200/ JCO.2005.08.144
  • 7. Kapiteijn E, Marijnen CA, Nagtegaal ID, et al. Preoperative radiotherapy combined with total mesorectal excision for resectable rectal cancer, N Engl J Med 2001;345:638–46. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa010580
  • 8. Van Gijn W, Marijnen CA, Nagtegaal ID, et al. Dutch Colorectal Cancer Group. Preoperative radiotherapy combined with total mesorectal excision for resectable rectal cancer: 12-year follow-up of the multicentre, randomised controlled TME trial. Lancet Oncol 2011; 12:575-82.doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(11)70097-3
  • 9. Bujko K, Richter P, Smith FM, et al. Preoperative radiotherapy and local excision of rectal cancer with immediate radical re-operation for poor responders: a prospective multicentre study. Radiother Oncol 2013; 106:198–205. doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2012.12.005
  • 10. Birgisson H, Påhlman L, Gunnarson U, Glimelius B (2008) Late gastrointestinal disorders after rectal cancer surgery with and without preoperative radiation therapy. Br J Surg 95:206–213
  • 11. Marijnen CA, van de Velde CJ, Putter H, et al. Impact of short-term preoperative radiotherapy on healthrelated quality of life and sexual functioning in primary rectal cancer: report of a multicenter randomised trial. J Clin Oncol 2005; 23: 1847–58.doi: 10.1200/ JCO.2005.05.256
  • 12. Bujko K, Nowacki MP, Nasierowska-Guttmejer A, et al. Sphincter preservation following preoperative radiotherapy for rectal cancer: report of a randomized trial comparing short-term radiotherapy vs. conventionally fractionated radiochemotherapy, Radiother Oncol 2004;72: 15–24. doi:10.1016/j.radonc.2003.12.006
  • 13. Ngan SY, Burmeister B, Fisher RJ, et al. Randomized trial of short-course radiotherapy versus long-course chemoradiation comparing rates of local recurrence in patients with T3 rectal cancer: Trans-Tasman Radiation Oncology Group Trial 01.04, J Clin Oncol 2012;30:3827–33. Doi:10.1200/JCO.2012.42.9597
  • 14. Minsky BD. Short-course radiation versus longcourse chemoradiation for rectal cancer: making progress, J Clin Oncol 2012;30:3777–8.doi: 10.1200/ JCO.2012.45.0551
  • 15. Roh MS, Colangelo LH, O’Connell MJ, et al. Preoperative multimodality therapy improves diseasefree survival in patients with carcinoma of the rectum: NSABP R-03. J Clin Oncol 2009;27: 5124–30.doi: 10.1200/JCO.2009.22.0467
  • 16. Braendengen M, Tveit KM, Berglund A, et al. Randomized phase III study comparing preoperative radiotherapy with chemoradiotherapy in nonresectable rectal cancer, J Clin Oncol 2008;26: 3687-94. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2007.15.3858
  • 17. Hofheinz RD, Wenz F, Post S, et al. Chemoradiotherapy with capecitabine versus fluorouracil for locally advanced rectal cancer: a randomised, multicentre, noninferiority, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2012;13: 579– 88. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(12)70116-X
  • 18. Akgun Z, Saglam S, Yucel S, et al. Neoadjuvant chronomodulated capecitabine with radiotherapy in rectal cancer: a phase II brunch regimen study. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2014;74:751-6. doi: 10.1007/ s00280-014-2558-x
  • 19. Tulchinsky H, Shmueli E, Figer A, Klausner JM, Rabau M. An interval of 7 weeks between neoadjuvant therapy and surgery improves pathologic complete response and disease-free survival in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2008; 15: 2661–7. doi: 10.1245/s10434-008-9892-3
  • 20. Radu C, Berglund A, Påhlman L, Glimelius B. Shortcourse preoperative radiotherapy with delayed surgery in rectal cancer - a retrospective study. Radiother Oncol 2008; 87: 343–9.doi 10.1016/j.radonc.2007.11.025
  • 21. Pettersson D, Holm T, Iversen H, Blomqvist L, Glimelius B, Martling A. Preoperative short-course radiotherapy with delayed surgery in primary rectal cancer. Br J Surg 2012; 99: 577–83. doi: 10.1002/bjs.7796
  • 22. Pettersson D, Cedermark B, Holm T, et al. Interim analysis of the Stockholm III trial of preoperative radiotherapy regimens for rectal cancer. Br J Surg 2010; 97: 580–7. doi: 10.1002/bjs.6914
  • 23. Faria S, Kopek N, Hijal T, et al. Phase II trial of shortcourse radiotherapy followed by delayed surgery for locoregionally advanced rectal cancer. Colorectal Dis 2014; 16:66–70. doi: 10.1111/codi.12466
  • 24. Saglam S, Bugra D, Saglam EK, et al. Fourth versus eighth week surgery after neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy in T3-4/N0+ rectal cancer: Istanbul R-01 study. J Gastrointest Oncol 2014;5:9-17. doi: 10.3978/j.issn.2078-6891.2013.025
  • 25. Nilsson PJ, van Etten B, Hospers GA et al. Short-course radiotherapy followed by neo-adjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer--theRAPIDO trial. BMC Cancer. 2013; 7:279. doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-279
  • 26. Jong Hoon Lee , Jun-Gi Kim, Seong Taek Oh, et al. Two-week course of preoperative chemoradiotherapy followed by delayed surgery for rectal cancer: A phase II multi-institutional clinical trial (KROG 11-02). Radiotherapy and Oncology 2014; 110: 150–4. doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2013.11.013
Year 2015, Special Issue :1 Oncology, 16 - 20, 30.09.2015
https://doi.org/10.5472/mmj.43321

Abstract

References

  • 1. Rectal Cancer, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology, Version 2.2015
  • 2. Glimelius B, Pahlman L, Cervantes A, ESMO Guidelines Working Group. Rectal cancer: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 2013;24 (Suppl. 6): vi81–8.5. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdt240
  • 3. Fietkau R, Rodel C, Hohenberger W, et al. Rectal cancer delivery of radiotherapy in adequate time and with adequate dose is influenced by treatment center, treatment schedule, and gender and is prognostic parameter for local control: results of study CAO/ARO/ AIO-94. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007; 67: 1008– 19. doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2006.10.020
  • 4. Roh MS, Colangelo LH, O’Connell MJ, et al. Preoperative multimodality therapy improves diseasefree survival in patients with carcinoma of the rectum (NSABPR-03). J Clin Oncol 2009; 27: 5124–30. doi:10.1200/JCO.2009.22.0467
  • 5. Swedish Rectal Cancer Trial. Improved survival with preoperative radiotherapy in resectable rectal cancer. N Engl J Med 1997;336:980–7. doi:10.1056/ NEJM199704033361402
  • 6. Folkesson J, Birgisson H, Pahlman L, et al. Swedish Rectal Cancer Trial: long lasting benefits from radiotherapy on survival and local recurrence rate. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:5644–50. doi:10.1200/ JCO.2005.08.144
  • 7. Kapiteijn E, Marijnen CA, Nagtegaal ID, et al. Preoperative radiotherapy combined with total mesorectal excision for resectable rectal cancer, N Engl J Med 2001;345:638–46. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa010580
  • 8. Van Gijn W, Marijnen CA, Nagtegaal ID, et al. Dutch Colorectal Cancer Group. Preoperative radiotherapy combined with total mesorectal excision for resectable rectal cancer: 12-year follow-up of the multicentre, randomised controlled TME trial. Lancet Oncol 2011; 12:575-82.doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(11)70097-3
  • 9. Bujko K, Richter P, Smith FM, et al. Preoperative radiotherapy and local excision of rectal cancer with immediate radical re-operation for poor responders: a prospective multicentre study. Radiother Oncol 2013; 106:198–205. doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2012.12.005
  • 10. Birgisson H, Påhlman L, Gunnarson U, Glimelius B (2008) Late gastrointestinal disorders after rectal cancer surgery with and without preoperative radiation therapy. Br J Surg 95:206–213
  • 11. Marijnen CA, van de Velde CJ, Putter H, et al. Impact of short-term preoperative radiotherapy on healthrelated quality of life and sexual functioning in primary rectal cancer: report of a multicenter randomised trial. J Clin Oncol 2005; 23: 1847–58.doi: 10.1200/ JCO.2005.05.256
  • 12. Bujko K, Nowacki MP, Nasierowska-Guttmejer A, et al. Sphincter preservation following preoperative radiotherapy for rectal cancer: report of a randomized trial comparing short-term radiotherapy vs. conventionally fractionated radiochemotherapy, Radiother Oncol 2004;72: 15–24. doi:10.1016/j.radonc.2003.12.006
  • 13. Ngan SY, Burmeister B, Fisher RJ, et al. Randomized trial of short-course radiotherapy versus long-course chemoradiation comparing rates of local recurrence in patients with T3 rectal cancer: Trans-Tasman Radiation Oncology Group Trial 01.04, J Clin Oncol 2012;30:3827–33. Doi:10.1200/JCO.2012.42.9597
  • 14. Minsky BD. Short-course radiation versus longcourse chemoradiation for rectal cancer: making progress, J Clin Oncol 2012;30:3777–8.doi: 10.1200/ JCO.2012.45.0551
  • 15. Roh MS, Colangelo LH, O’Connell MJ, et al. Preoperative multimodality therapy improves diseasefree survival in patients with carcinoma of the rectum: NSABP R-03. J Clin Oncol 2009;27: 5124–30.doi: 10.1200/JCO.2009.22.0467
  • 16. Braendengen M, Tveit KM, Berglund A, et al. Randomized phase III study comparing preoperative radiotherapy with chemoradiotherapy in nonresectable rectal cancer, J Clin Oncol 2008;26: 3687-94. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2007.15.3858
  • 17. Hofheinz RD, Wenz F, Post S, et al. Chemoradiotherapy with capecitabine versus fluorouracil for locally advanced rectal cancer: a randomised, multicentre, noninferiority, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2012;13: 579– 88. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(12)70116-X
  • 18. Akgun Z, Saglam S, Yucel S, et al. Neoadjuvant chronomodulated capecitabine with radiotherapy in rectal cancer: a phase II brunch regimen study. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2014;74:751-6. doi: 10.1007/ s00280-014-2558-x
  • 19. Tulchinsky H, Shmueli E, Figer A, Klausner JM, Rabau M. An interval of 7 weeks between neoadjuvant therapy and surgery improves pathologic complete response and disease-free survival in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2008; 15: 2661–7. doi: 10.1245/s10434-008-9892-3
  • 20. Radu C, Berglund A, Påhlman L, Glimelius B. Shortcourse preoperative radiotherapy with delayed surgery in rectal cancer - a retrospective study. Radiother Oncol 2008; 87: 343–9.doi 10.1016/j.radonc.2007.11.025
  • 21. Pettersson D, Holm T, Iversen H, Blomqvist L, Glimelius B, Martling A. Preoperative short-course radiotherapy with delayed surgery in primary rectal cancer. Br J Surg 2012; 99: 577–83. doi: 10.1002/bjs.7796
  • 22. Pettersson D, Cedermark B, Holm T, et al. Interim analysis of the Stockholm III trial of preoperative radiotherapy regimens for rectal cancer. Br J Surg 2010; 97: 580–7. doi: 10.1002/bjs.6914
  • 23. Faria S, Kopek N, Hijal T, et al. Phase II trial of shortcourse radiotherapy followed by delayed surgery for locoregionally advanced rectal cancer. Colorectal Dis 2014; 16:66–70. doi: 10.1111/codi.12466
  • 24. Saglam S, Bugra D, Saglam EK, et al. Fourth versus eighth week surgery after neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy in T3-4/N0+ rectal cancer: Istanbul R-01 study. J Gastrointest Oncol 2014;5:9-17. doi: 10.3978/j.issn.2078-6891.2013.025
  • 25. Nilsson PJ, van Etten B, Hospers GA et al. Short-course radiotherapy followed by neo-adjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer--theRAPIDO trial. BMC Cancer. 2013; 7:279. doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-279
  • 26. Jong Hoon Lee , Jun-Gi Kim, Seong Taek Oh, et al. Two-week course of preoperative chemoradiotherapy followed by delayed surgery for rectal cancer: A phase II multi-institutional clinical trial (KROG 11-02). Radiotherapy and Oncology 2014; 110: 150–4. doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2013.11.013
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Zuleyha Akgun This is me

Esra Kaytan Saglam This is me

Publication Date September 30, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2015 Special Issue :1 Oncology

Cite

APA Akgun, Z., & Kaytan Saglam, E. (2015). Neoadjuvant treatment in locally advanced rectal cancer. Marmara Medical Journal, 28(1), 16-20. https://doi.org/10.5472/mmj.43321
AMA Akgun Z, Kaytan Saglam E. Neoadjuvant treatment in locally advanced rectal cancer. Marmara Med J. September 2015;28(1):16-20. doi:10.5472/mmj.43321
Chicago Akgun, Zuleyha, and Esra Kaytan Saglam. “Neoadjuvant Treatment in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer”. Marmara Medical Journal 28, no. 1 (September 2015): 16-20. https://doi.org/10.5472/mmj.43321.
EndNote Akgun Z, Kaytan Saglam E (September 1, 2015) Neoadjuvant treatment in locally advanced rectal cancer. Marmara Medical Journal 28 1 16–20.
IEEE Z. Akgun and E. Kaytan Saglam, “Neoadjuvant treatment in locally advanced rectal cancer”, Marmara Med J, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 16–20, 2015, doi: 10.5472/mmj.43321.
ISNAD Akgun, Zuleyha - Kaytan Saglam, Esra. “Neoadjuvant Treatment in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer”. Marmara Medical Journal 28/1 (September 2015), 16-20. https://doi.org/10.5472/mmj.43321.
JAMA Akgun Z, Kaytan Saglam E. Neoadjuvant treatment in locally advanced rectal cancer. Marmara Med J. 2015;28:16–20.
MLA Akgun, Zuleyha and Esra Kaytan Saglam. “Neoadjuvant Treatment in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer”. Marmara Medical Journal, vol. 28, no. 1, 2015, pp. 16-20, doi:10.5472/mmj.43321.
Vancouver Akgun Z, Kaytan Saglam E. Neoadjuvant treatment in locally advanced rectal cancer. Marmara Med J. 2015;28(1):16-20.