Kozmetik Ürünlerin Fototoksik Etkileri: Mekanizması ve Alternatif Test Metotları

Abstract

Güneş ışığı ve fotoreaktif ksenobiyotiklere maruz kalan deride,

normal olmayan deri reaksiyonları görülebilir. Fototoksisite,

fotoreaktif kimyasal maddeler ve ışığa derinin aynı anda

maruz kalması sonucu oluşan yanıtı olarak tanımlanır.

Eritem, ödem, deri irritasyonu, kaşıntı gibi çeşitli belirtiler ile

kendini gösterir. Bazı organik kimyasal maddelerin moleküler

yapılarının UV ışığı absorblayan özellikte olması, madde

tarafından oluşturulacak fototoksisiteyi indükleyebilir. Bu

yapıya sahip ilaç ve kozmetik ürünlerin sayısı gün geçtikçe

artmaktadır. Kimyasal maddelerin fototoksik potansiyellerini

belirlemek için çeşitli test yöntemi geliştirilmiştir. Özellikle

3R kuralının kabul görmesinden sonra kimyasal maddelerin

ve kozmetik ürünlerin potansiyel toksik etkilerinin

değerlendirilmesi için, in vivo modellerin yerine birçok

alternatif in vitro yöntem geliştirilmiş, valide edilmiş ve

düzenleyici kuruluşlar tarafından kabul edilmiştir. 11 Mart

2013 tarihinde Avrupa Birliği’nde hayvanlar üzerinde test

edilen her tür kozmetik ve kişisel bakım ürününün satışının

yasaklanması ile birlikte kozmetik ürünlerin güvenlilik

değerlendirmelerinde alternatif In vitro toksisite testleri

kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Fototoksisite testleri de dahil bu

alternatif testler birçok toksisite çalışması için uygundur. Bu

derlemede fototoksisitenin mekanizması ile bu toksik etkinin

belirlenmesi amacıyla kullanılan alternatif test yöntemleri

değerlendirilecektir.

Keywords

• Fototoksisite,Alternatif Yöntem,Kozmetik Ürün,In vitro toksikoloji

Phototoxic Effect of Cosmetic Products: Its Mechanism And Alternative Test Methods

Abstract

Abnormal skin reactions may be observed in the skin subject

to sunlight and photoreactive xenobiotics. Phototoxicity can be

defined as the response to the combined exposure of the skin to

photoreactive xenobiotics and light. Phototoxicity occurs with

symptoms like erythema, edema, skin irritation and itching.

The UV-absorbing properties of various organic chemicals,

can lead to induction of phototoxicity by this substances.

Number of drugs and cosmetics, which have such properties,

are increasing from day to day. Several test methods were

developed to determine the phototoxic potential of chemical

substances. Particularly after the acceptance of 3R principle,

many alternative methods were developed, validated and

accepted by the regulatory authorities, for the evaluation of the

potential toxic effects of the chemicals. On March 11, 2013, the

commercial sale of all cosmetics and personal care products,

which were tested on animals, was banned in the European

Union and since then the safety evaluation of the cosmetics is

being conducted by alternative In vitro toxicity tests. These tests,

including tests for phototoxicity, are suitable for many toxicity

studies. This review will focus the mechanisms of phototoxicity

and the alternative test methods used for the detection of this

particular toxic effect.

Keywords

• Phototoxicity,alternative methods,cosmetic products,In vitro toxicology

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