Phytochemicals and biological activities of Macaranga hosei and Macaranga constricta (Euphorbiaceae)

Abstract

Phytochemicals and biological activities of the leaves of

Macaranga hosei and Macaranga constricta have been studied.

Fractionation and purification of the extracts of M. hosei

afforded two triterpenoids, lupenone (1) and β-sitostenone

(2) and two flavonoids, 5-hydroxy-7,4’-dimethoxyflavone

(3) and 5-hydroxy-6,7,4’-trimethoxyflavone (4). Three

triterpenoids characterized as taraxerone (5), taraxerol (6)

and β-amyrin (7) were isolated from M. constricta. The

structures of these compounds were established by analysis

of their spectroscopic data, as compared to that of reported

compounds. Biological activities which include antibacterial,

α-glucosidase inhibition and antioxidant were also carried

out. The antibacterial activities have demonstrated that all

extracts and isolated compounds exhibited weak inhibition

against the tested bacterial strains with MIC value exceeded

500 μg/mL. Evaluation of α-glucosidase inhibition activity

using ρ-nitrophenyl-ρ-D-glucopyranosidase on extracts

exhibited α-glucosidase inhibitory potential. The most potent

α-glucosidase activity was exhibited by the petroleum ether

extract of M. hosei with inhibitory concentration at 50% (IC50)

of 25.3 ppm compared with quercetin (4.5 ppm) and acarbose

(12.6 ppm). The antioxidant activity was conducted through

DPPH radical scavenging activity and total phenolic content.

All the extracts displayed positive results and the methanol

extract of M. hosei displayed the highest scavenging activity

with scavenging concentration at 50% (SC50) value of 25.8 ppm.

The methanol extract of M. hosei also gave the highest total

phenol content with 347.7 mg GAE/g.

Keywords

• Macaranga hosei; Macaranga constricta; antibacterial; α-glucosidase; antioxidant

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