Biflavonoids from the leaves and stem bark of Garcinia griffithii and their biological activities

Abstract

The phytochemical and biological activity of the leaves and stem

barks of Garcinia griffithii have been investigated. Extraction and

chromatographic purification of the leaves and stem barks extracts

have successfully afforded five biflavonoids namely amento-

4’’-methylether (1), 3,8’’-binaringenin (2), morelloflavone (3),

3,8’’-binaringenin-7’’-O-glucoside (4) and morelloflavone-7’’-Oglucoside

(5), together with squalene (6), canophyllol (7), friedelin

(8) and β-amyrin (9) which were characterized spectroscopically.

All extracts and phytochemicals were tested for antioxidant,

antityrosinase and antibacterial activities. The antioxidant assay

on DPPH radical scavenging showed that the n-hexane extract

of the stem barks had the highest radical scavenging activity

with IC50 value of 96.4 μg/mL, while compound (3) was found

to be the strongest antioxidant compound with IC50 value of 57.6

μg/mL. The methanol extract of the leaves showed the highest

total phenolic content with 444.1 mg/g of gallic acid equivalent

(GAE/L) and 423.1 mg/g of cathechin equivalent (CE/L). The

extracts and all compounds were found to have weak antityrosinase

activity. The antimicrobial assays of all the extracts

were carried out by minimum inhibition concentration (MIC)

and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The methanol

extract of the leaves showed the most significant antimicrobial

activity towards E. faecalis and K. pneumoniae with MIC and

MBC value ranged between 225-450 μg/mL compared to the

other extracts.

Keywords

• Garcinia griffithii ; antioxidant ; antityrosinase ; antibacterial

References

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