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Role of acupuncture in stress management

Year 2012, Volume: 16 Issue: 2, 107 - 114, 07.03.2014

Abstract

ABSTRACT: Stress factors impair physiological and psychological balance state of the individuals.
This situation can cause various diseases. Today, diseases caused by stress are
treated with methods like educational program for coping with stress, psychotherapy, drug
therapy. Recently, acupuncture treatment is added to these methods. Acupuncture treatment
effects to modulate various neurophysiologic mechanisms in during resistance period
of stress. This mechanism provides support for the person’s psychological state. Acupuncture
treatment increases the secretion of hormones such as endomorphine, beta endorphine,
enkephalin, serotonin and cortisol from central nervous system. Stress factors increase
endomorphin, beta endorphin, enkephalin, serotonin and oxytocin levels in the central
nervous system and plasma in the resistance period to stress. Acupuncture applications
increase the synthesis and release of endomorphin, beta endorphin, enkephalin, serotonin
and oxytocin from the central nervous system which strengthens the individual’s resistance
period to cope with stress. Therefore, method of acupuncture is also used in the treatment
of diseases caused by stress.
KEY WORDS: stress, acupuncture, beta endorphin, enkephalin, serotonin, oxytocin

References

  • Selye H. Stress without distress. J. B. Lippincott Co, Phil- adelphia. 1974.
  • Selye H. Forty years of stress research: principal remain- ing problems and misconceptions. Can Med Assoc J 1976; 115: 53-6.
  • Cannon WB. Stresses and strains of homeostasis. Am J Med Sci 1935; 189: 1-4.
  • Lazarus RS, Folkman S. Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer Publishing Company, New York. 1984.
  • Avison WR, Gottlieb IH. Stress and mental health: Con- temporary issues and prospects for the future. Plenum Press, New York. 1994.
  • Jordan I, Spangenberg JJ, Watson MB, Fouche P. Emo- tional stress and coping strategies in South African clini- cal and counselling psychologist. South Afr J Psychol 2007; 37: 835–55.
  • Cooper CL, Dewe PJ, O’Driscoll MP. Organizational stress: a review and critique of theory, research, and ap- plications. SAGE, London. 2001.
  • Jonathon DG. Health consequences of stress. J Orga Be- hav Manage 1986; 8: 19–36.
  • Chandola T, Britton A, Brunner E, Hemingway H, Ma- lik M, Kumari M, et al. Work stress and coronary heart disease: what are the mechanisms? Eur Heart J 2008; 29: 640-8.
  • Rosmond R, Bjorntrop P. The hypothalamicepituitar- yeadrenal axis activity as a predictor of cardiovascular diseases, Type 2 diabetes and stroke. J Intern Med 2000; 247: 188-97.
  • Greener M. Guide to managing stress. The Penguin Group, London. 2002.
  • Fisher P, van Haselen R, Hardy K, Berkovitz S, McCa- rney R. Effectiveness gaps: a new concept for evaluat- ing health service and research needs applied to com- plementary and alternative medicine. J Altern Complem Med 2004; 10: 627-32.
  • Baldry P. The integration of acupuncture within medi- cine in the UK. Acupunct Med 2005; 23: 2-12.
  • Alltree J. Physiotherapy and acupuncture: practice in the UK. Complement Ther Med 1993; 1: 34-41.
  • Payne R. Relaxation Techniques – A Practical Handbook for the Health Care Professional 3rd ed. Churchill Liv- ingstone, New York. 2005.
  • Needham JL. Science and civilization in China. VI. Cam- bridge Univ. Press, Cambridge. 1954–2000.
  • Temple R. The genius of China: 3,000 years of science, discovery and invention. Simon and Schuster, New York. 1986.
  • McEwen BS. Protective and damaging effects of stress mediators. New England J Med 1998; 338: 171-9.
  • Yeğen BÇ. Oxytocin and hypothalamo-pituitaryadrenal axis. Marmara Pharm J 2010; 14: 61-6.
  • Gimpl G, Fahrenholz F. The oxytocin receptor system: struc- ture, function, and regulation. Physiol Rev 2001; 81: 629–83.
  • Heinrichs M, Baumgartner T, Kirschbaum C, Ehlert U. Social support and oxytocin interact to suppress cortisol and subjective responses to psychosocial stress. Biol Psy- chiatry 2003; 54: 1389–98.
  • Windle RJ, Shanks N, Lightman SL, Ingram CD. Central oxytocin administration reduces stress-induced corticos- terone release and anxiety behavior in rats. Endocrinol- ogy 1997; 138: 2829–34.
  • Hayashi M, Takeda H, Takada K, Inazu M, Tsuji M, Mat- sumiya T. Age-related decline in emotional adaptability to short-term stressful situation: The participation of the monoaminergic nervous systems in the cerebral limbic system. Pathophysiology 1998; 5: 125-30.
  • Glavin GB. Effects of morphine and naloxone on restraint- stress ulcers in rats. Pharmacology 1985; 31: 57-60.
  • Ferri S, Arrigo-Reina R, Candeletti S, Costa G, Murari G, Speroni E, Scoto G. Central and peripheral sites of action for the protective effect of opioids of the rat stomach. Pharmacol Res Commun 1983; 15: 409-18.
  • Carter CS, Altemus M. Integrative functions of lactation- al hormones in social behavior and stress management. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1997; 807: 164–74.
  • Windle RJ, Wood S, Shanks N, Perks P, Conde GL, da Costa AP, Ingram CD, Lightman SL. Endocrine and be- havioural responses to noise stress: comparison of virgin and lactating female rats during non-disrupted maternal activity. J Neuroendocrinol 1997; 9: 407–14.
  • Neumann ID. Involvement of the brain oxytocin system in stress coping: interactions with the hypothalamo-pitu- itary-adrenal axis. Prog Brain Res 2002; 139: 147–62.
  • Petersson M, Hulting AL, Uvnas-Moberg K. Oxytocin causes a sustained decrease in plasma levels of corticos- terone in rats. Neurosci Lett 1999; 264: 41–4.
  • Uvnas-Moberg K. Oxytocin may mediate the benefits of positive social interaction and emotions. Psychoneu- roendocrinol 1998; 23: 819–35.
  • Uvnas-Moberg K, Ahlenius S, Hillegaart V, Alster P. High doses of oxytocin cause sedation and low doses cause an anxiolytic-like effect in male rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1994; 49: 101–6.
  • Slattery DA, Neumann ID. Chronic icv oxytocin attenu- ates the pathological high anxiety state in female high anxiety-related behaviour rats. Neuropharmacology 2010; 58: 56–61.
  • İşeri SÖ, Düşünceli F, Erzik C, Uslu B, Arbak S, Yeğen BÇ. Oxytocin or Social Housing Alleviates Local Burn Injury in Rats. Journal of Surgical Research 2010; 162: 122-31.
  • Mulhisen L, Rogers JZ. Complementary and alternative modes of therapy for the treatment of the obese patient. J Am Osteopath Assoc 1999; 99: 8-12.
  • Plotnikoff NP, Murgo AJ, Miller GC, Corder CN, Faith RE. Enkefalins: Immunomodulators. Federation Proc 1985; 44: 118-22.
  • Malizia E, Andreucci G, Paolucci D, Crescenzi F, Fabbri A, Fraioli F. Electroacupuncture and peripheral beta en- dorphin and ACTH levels. Lancet 1979; ii: 535-6.
  • Cabıoğlu MT, Ergene N. Effects of Acupuncture and Clinical Applications. Genel Tıp Derg 2003; 13: 35-40.
  • Pan B, Castro-Lopes JM, Coimbra A. Activation of ante- rior lobe corticotrophs by electroacupuncture or noxious stimulations in the anaesthetized rat, as shown by colo- calization of fos protein with ACTH and β-endorphin and increased hormone release. Brain Res Bull 1996; 40: 175-82.
  • Li SJ, Tang J, Han JS. The implication of central serotonin in electroacupuncture tolerance in rat. Sci Sin 1982; 25: 620-9.
  • Guyton AC, Hall JE. Textbook of medical physiology. WB Saunders, Philadelphia. 2001, pp.689-696.
  • Ullet GA, Han S, Han JS. Electroacupuncture: Mecha- nism and clinical application. Biol Psychiatry 1998; 44: 129-38.
  • Yang J, Yang Y, Chen JM, Liu WY, Wang CH, Lin BC. Effect of oxytocin on acupuncture analgesia in the rat. Neuropeptides 2007; 41: 285-92.
  • Çetinel Ş, Hancıoğlu S, Şener E, Üner C, Kılıç M, Şener G, Yeğen BÇ. Oxytocin treatment alleviates stress-aggra- vated colitis by a receptor-dependent mechanism Regul Peptides 2010; 160: 146-52.
  • Cabıoğlu MT, Çetin N, Ergene N, Gündoğan NÜ. Obes- ity treatment with 2 Hz Frequency Electroacupuncture and diet together or only diet. Weight lose, Beta endor- phin, ACTH and Cortisol levels. Selçuk Üniv Tıp Derg 2008; 25: 7-15.
  • Wang SM, Kain ZN. Auricular acupuncture: A potential treatment for anxiety. Anesth Analg 2001; 92: 548–53.
  • Maciocia G. Liver patterns. In: The Foundations of Chi- nese medicine. Editor: G. Maciocia, Churchill Living- stone, New York. 1989, pp. 215–229.
  • Cabıoğlu MT, Ergene N, Tan U. Electroacupuncture Treatment of Obesity with Psychological Symptoms. Int. J. Neurosci 2007; 117: 579-90.
  • Chang CL, Lee JC, Tseng CC, Chang YH, Cheng JT. De- crease of anesthetics activity by electroacupuncture on Jen-Chung point in rabbits. Neurosci Lett 1995; 202: 93-6.
  • Chang FC, Tsai HY, Yu MC, Yi PL, Lin JG. The central serotonergic system mediates the analgesic effect of elec- troacupuncture on Zusanli (ST36) acupoints. J Biomed Sci. 2004; 11: 179-85.
  • Guo ZL, Longhurst JC. Expression of c-Fos in arcuate nucleus induced by electroacupuncture: relations to neu- rons containing opioids and glutamate. Brain Res. 2007; 1166: 65-76.
  • Kishioka S, Miyamoto Y, Fukunaga Y, Nishida S, Yamamoto H. Effects of a mixture of peptidase inhibi- tors (amastatin, captopril and phosphoramidon) on Met-enkephalin, beta-endorphin, dynorphin-(1-13)- and electroacupuncture-induced antinociception in rats. Jpn J Pharmacol 1994; 66: 337-45.
  • Zhou L, Wu GC, Cao XD. Role of opioid peptides of rat’s nucleus reticularis paragigantocellularis lateralis (RPGL) in acupuncture analgesia. Acupunct Electrother Res. 1995; 20: 89-100.
  • Warren DS, Kayumov L, Chen A, Lowe A, Jain U, Katz- man MA, Shen J. Acupuncture Increases Nocturnal Me- latonin Secretion and Reduces Insomnia and Anxiety. A Preliminary Report. J Neuropsych Clin N 2004; 16: 19-28.
  • Yeung WF, Chung KF, Zhang SP, Yap TG, Andrew CK. Electroacupuncture for Primary Insomnia: A Rand- omized Controlled Trial. Sleep 2009; 32: 1039-47.
  • Han Z, Jiang YH, Wan Y, Wang Y, Chang JK, Han JS. Endo- morphin-1 mediates 2 Hz but not 100 Hz electroacupunc- ture analgesia in the rat. Neurosci Lett 1999; 274: 75-8.
  • Balk J, Catov J, Horn B, Gecsi K, Wakim A. The relation- ship between perceived stress, acupuncture, and preg- nancy rates among IVF patients: A pilot study. Comple- ment Ther Clin Pract 2010; 16: 154–7.
  • Herd J. Cardiovascular response to stress. Physiol Rev 1991; 71: 305–27.
  • Chan C, Briscomb D, Waterhause E, Cannaby A-M. An uncontrolled pilot study of HT7 for “stress”. Acupunct Med 2002; 20: 74-7.
  • Apostolopoulos A, Karavis M. Overeating: Treatment of obesity and anxiety by auricular acupuncture, an analy- sis of 800 cases. Acupunct Med 1996; 14: 116-20.
  • Dong JT. Research on the reduction of anxiety and de- pression with acupuncture. Am J Acupunct 1993; 21: 327-30.
  • Guizhen L, Yunjun Z, Linxiang G, Aizhen L. Compara- tive study on acupuncture combined with behavioral desensitization for treatment of anxiety neuroses. Am J Acupunct 1998; 26: 117-20.
  • Pavao TS, Vianna P, Pillat MM, Machado AB, Bauer ME. Acupuncture is effective to attenuate stress and stimu- late lymphocyte proliferation in the elderly. Neurosci Lett. 2010; 484: 47-50.
  • Şahin NH. Coping with stress: a positive approach. Turk J Psychol 1994; 2: 1-16.
  • Fields L, Printz RJ. Coping and adjustment during child- hood and adolescence. Clin Psychol Rev 1997; 17: 937-76.
Year 2012, Volume: 16 Issue: 2, 107 - 114, 07.03.2014

Abstract

References

  • Selye H. Stress without distress. J. B. Lippincott Co, Phil- adelphia. 1974.
  • Selye H. Forty years of stress research: principal remain- ing problems and misconceptions. Can Med Assoc J 1976; 115: 53-6.
  • Cannon WB. Stresses and strains of homeostasis. Am J Med Sci 1935; 189: 1-4.
  • Lazarus RS, Folkman S. Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer Publishing Company, New York. 1984.
  • Avison WR, Gottlieb IH. Stress and mental health: Con- temporary issues and prospects for the future. Plenum Press, New York. 1994.
  • Jordan I, Spangenberg JJ, Watson MB, Fouche P. Emo- tional stress and coping strategies in South African clini- cal and counselling psychologist. South Afr J Psychol 2007; 37: 835–55.
  • Cooper CL, Dewe PJ, O’Driscoll MP. Organizational stress: a review and critique of theory, research, and ap- plications. SAGE, London. 2001.
  • Jonathon DG. Health consequences of stress. J Orga Be- hav Manage 1986; 8: 19–36.
  • Chandola T, Britton A, Brunner E, Hemingway H, Ma- lik M, Kumari M, et al. Work stress and coronary heart disease: what are the mechanisms? Eur Heart J 2008; 29: 640-8.
  • Rosmond R, Bjorntrop P. The hypothalamicepituitar- yeadrenal axis activity as a predictor of cardiovascular diseases, Type 2 diabetes and stroke. J Intern Med 2000; 247: 188-97.
  • Greener M. Guide to managing stress. The Penguin Group, London. 2002.
  • Fisher P, van Haselen R, Hardy K, Berkovitz S, McCa- rney R. Effectiveness gaps: a new concept for evaluat- ing health service and research needs applied to com- plementary and alternative medicine. J Altern Complem Med 2004; 10: 627-32.
  • Baldry P. The integration of acupuncture within medi- cine in the UK. Acupunct Med 2005; 23: 2-12.
  • Alltree J. Physiotherapy and acupuncture: practice in the UK. Complement Ther Med 1993; 1: 34-41.
  • Payne R. Relaxation Techniques – A Practical Handbook for the Health Care Professional 3rd ed. Churchill Liv- ingstone, New York. 2005.
  • Needham JL. Science and civilization in China. VI. Cam- bridge Univ. Press, Cambridge. 1954–2000.
  • Temple R. The genius of China: 3,000 years of science, discovery and invention. Simon and Schuster, New York. 1986.
  • McEwen BS. Protective and damaging effects of stress mediators. New England J Med 1998; 338: 171-9.
  • Yeğen BÇ. Oxytocin and hypothalamo-pituitaryadrenal axis. Marmara Pharm J 2010; 14: 61-6.
  • Gimpl G, Fahrenholz F. The oxytocin receptor system: struc- ture, function, and regulation. Physiol Rev 2001; 81: 629–83.
  • Heinrichs M, Baumgartner T, Kirschbaum C, Ehlert U. Social support and oxytocin interact to suppress cortisol and subjective responses to psychosocial stress. Biol Psy- chiatry 2003; 54: 1389–98.
  • Windle RJ, Shanks N, Lightman SL, Ingram CD. Central oxytocin administration reduces stress-induced corticos- terone release and anxiety behavior in rats. Endocrinol- ogy 1997; 138: 2829–34.
  • Hayashi M, Takeda H, Takada K, Inazu M, Tsuji M, Mat- sumiya T. Age-related decline in emotional adaptability to short-term stressful situation: The participation of the monoaminergic nervous systems in the cerebral limbic system. Pathophysiology 1998; 5: 125-30.
  • Glavin GB. Effects of morphine and naloxone on restraint- stress ulcers in rats. Pharmacology 1985; 31: 57-60.
  • Ferri S, Arrigo-Reina R, Candeletti S, Costa G, Murari G, Speroni E, Scoto G. Central and peripheral sites of action for the protective effect of opioids of the rat stomach. Pharmacol Res Commun 1983; 15: 409-18.
  • Carter CS, Altemus M. Integrative functions of lactation- al hormones in social behavior and stress management. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1997; 807: 164–74.
  • Windle RJ, Wood S, Shanks N, Perks P, Conde GL, da Costa AP, Ingram CD, Lightman SL. Endocrine and be- havioural responses to noise stress: comparison of virgin and lactating female rats during non-disrupted maternal activity. J Neuroendocrinol 1997; 9: 407–14.
  • Neumann ID. Involvement of the brain oxytocin system in stress coping: interactions with the hypothalamo-pitu- itary-adrenal axis. Prog Brain Res 2002; 139: 147–62.
  • Petersson M, Hulting AL, Uvnas-Moberg K. Oxytocin causes a sustained decrease in plasma levels of corticos- terone in rats. Neurosci Lett 1999; 264: 41–4.
  • Uvnas-Moberg K. Oxytocin may mediate the benefits of positive social interaction and emotions. Psychoneu- roendocrinol 1998; 23: 819–35.
  • Uvnas-Moberg K, Ahlenius S, Hillegaart V, Alster P. High doses of oxytocin cause sedation and low doses cause an anxiolytic-like effect in male rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1994; 49: 101–6.
  • Slattery DA, Neumann ID. Chronic icv oxytocin attenu- ates the pathological high anxiety state in female high anxiety-related behaviour rats. Neuropharmacology 2010; 58: 56–61.
  • İşeri SÖ, Düşünceli F, Erzik C, Uslu B, Arbak S, Yeğen BÇ. Oxytocin or Social Housing Alleviates Local Burn Injury in Rats. Journal of Surgical Research 2010; 162: 122-31.
  • Mulhisen L, Rogers JZ. Complementary and alternative modes of therapy for the treatment of the obese patient. J Am Osteopath Assoc 1999; 99: 8-12.
  • Plotnikoff NP, Murgo AJ, Miller GC, Corder CN, Faith RE. Enkefalins: Immunomodulators. Federation Proc 1985; 44: 118-22.
  • Malizia E, Andreucci G, Paolucci D, Crescenzi F, Fabbri A, Fraioli F. Electroacupuncture and peripheral beta en- dorphin and ACTH levels. Lancet 1979; ii: 535-6.
  • Cabıoğlu MT, Ergene N. Effects of Acupuncture and Clinical Applications. Genel Tıp Derg 2003; 13: 35-40.
  • Pan B, Castro-Lopes JM, Coimbra A. Activation of ante- rior lobe corticotrophs by electroacupuncture or noxious stimulations in the anaesthetized rat, as shown by colo- calization of fos protein with ACTH and β-endorphin and increased hormone release. Brain Res Bull 1996; 40: 175-82.
  • Li SJ, Tang J, Han JS. The implication of central serotonin in electroacupuncture tolerance in rat. Sci Sin 1982; 25: 620-9.
  • Guyton AC, Hall JE. Textbook of medical physiology. WB Saunders, Philadelphia. 2001, pp.689-696.
  • Ullet GA, Han S, Han JS. Electroacupuncture: Mecha- nism and clinical application. Biol Psychiatry 1998; 44: 129-38.
  • Yang J, Yang Y, Chen JM, Liu WY, Wang CH, Lin BC. Effect of oxytocin on acupuncture analgesia in the rat. Neuropeptides 2007; 41: 285-92.
  • Çetinel Ş, Hancıoğlu S, Şener E, Üner C, Kılıç M, Şener G, Yeğen BÇ. Oxytocin treatment alleviates stress-aggra- vated colitis by a receptor-dependent mechanism Regul Peptides 2010; 160: 146-52.
  • Cabıoğlu MT, Çetin N, Ergene N, Gündoğan NÜ. Obes- ity treatment with 2 Hz Frequency Electroacupuncture and diet together or only diet. Weight lose, Beta endor- phin, ACTH and Cortisol levels. Selçuk Üniv Tıp Derg 2008; 25: 7-15.
  • Wang SM, Kain ZN. Auricular acupuncture: A potential treatment for anxiety. Anesth Analg 2001; 92: 548–53.
  • Maciocia G. Liver patterns. In: The Foundations of Chi- nese medicine. Editor: G. Maciocia, Churchill Living- stone, New York. 1989, pp. 215–229.
  • Cabıoğlu MT, Ergene N, Tan U. Electroacupuncture Treatment of Obesity with Psychological Symptoms. Int. J. Neurosci 2007; 117: 579-90.
  • Chang CL, Lee JC, Tseng CC, Chang YH, Cheng JT. De- crease of anesthetics activity by electroacupuncture on Jen-Chung point in rabbits. Neurosci Lett 1995; 202: 93-6.
  • Chang FC, Tsai HY, Yu MC, Yi PL, Lin JG. The central serotonergic system mediates the analgesic effect of elec- troacupuncture on Zusanli (ST36) acupoints. J Biomed Sci. 2004; 11: 179-85.
  • Guo ZL, Longhurst JC. Expression of c-Fos in arcuate nucleus induced by electroacupuncture: relations to neu- rons containing opioids and glutamate. Brain Res. 2007; 1166: 65-76.
  • Kishioka S, Miyamoto Y, Fukunaga Y, Nishida S, Yamamoto H. Effects of a mixture of peptidase inhibi- tors (amastatin, captopril and phosphoramidon) on Met-enkephalin, beta-endorphin, dynorphin-(1-13)- and electroacupuncture-induced antinociception in rats. Jpn J Pharmacol 1994; 66: 337-45.
  • Zhou L, Wu GC, Cao XD. Role of opioid peptides of rat’s nucleus reticularis paragigantocellularis lateralis (RPGL) in acupuncture analgesia. Acupunct Electrother Res. 1995; 20: 89-100.
  • Warren DS, Kayumov L, Chen A, Lowe A, Jain U, Katz- man MA, Shen J. Acupuncture Increases Nocturnal Me- latonin Secretion and Reduces Insomnia and Anxiety. A Preliminary Report. J Neuropsych Clin N 2004; 16: 19-28.
  • Yeung WF, Chung KF, Zhang SP, Yap TG, Andrew CK. Electroacupuncture for Primary Insomnia: A Rand- omized Controlled Trial. Sleep 2009; 32: 1039-47.
  • Han Z, Jiang YH, Wan Y, Wang Y, Chang JK, Han JS. Endo- morphin-1 mediates 2 Hz but not 100 Hz electroacupunc- ture analgesia in the rat. Neurosci Lett 1999; 274: 75-8.
  • Balk J, Catov J, Horn B, Gecsi K, Wakim A. The relation- ship between perceived stress, acupuncture, and preg- nancy rates among IVF patients: A pilot study. Comple- ment Ther Clin Pract 2010; 16: 154–7.
  • Herd J. Cardiovascular response to stress. Physiol Rev 1991; 71: 305–27.
  • Chan C, Briscomb D, Waterhause E, Cannaby A-M. An uncontrolled pilot study of HT7 for “stress”. Acupunct Med 2002; 20: 74-7.
  • Apostolopoulos A, Karavis M. Overeating: Treatment of obesity and anxiety by auricular acupuncture, an analy- sis of 800 cases. Acupunct Med 1996; 14: 116-20.
  • Dong JT. Research on the reduction of anxiety and de- pression with acupuncture. Am J Acupunct 1993; 21: 327-30.
  • Guizhen L, Yunjun Z, Linxiang G, Aizhen L. Compara- tive study on acupuncture combined with behavioral desensitization for treatment of anxiety neuroses. Am J Acupunct 1998; 26: 117-20.
  • Pavao TS, Vianna P, Pillat MM, Machado AB, Bauer ME. Acupuncture is effective to attenuate stress and stimu- late lymphocyte proliferation in the elderly. Neurosci Lett. 2010; 484: 47-50.
  • Şahin NH. Coping with stress: a positive approach. Turk J Psychol 1994; 2: 1-16.
  • Fields L, Printz RJ. Coping and adjustment during child- hood and adolescence. Clin Psychol Rev 1997; 17: 937-76.
There are 64 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Mehmet Cabıoğlu This is me

Sevgin İşeri This is me

Aysel Çoban This is me

Ferhan Çoban This is me

Publication Date March 7, 2014
Published in Issue Year 2012 Volume: 16 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Cabıoğlu, M., İşeri, S., Çoban, A., Çoban, F. (2014). Role of acupuncture in stress management. Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal, 16(2), 107-114. https://doi.org/10.12991/mpj.99253
AMA Cabıoğlu M, İşeri S, Çoban A, Çoban F. Role of acupuncture in stress management. Marmara Pharm J. March 2014;16(2):107-114. doi:10.12991/mpj.99253
Chicago Cabıoğlu, Mehmet, Sevgin İşeri, Aysel Çoban, and Ferhan Çoban. “Role of Acupuncture in Stress Management”. Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal 16, no. 2 (March 2014): 107-14. https://doi.org/10.12991/mpj.99253.
EndNote Cabıoğlu M, İşeri S, Çoban A, Çoban F (March 1, 2014) Role of acupuncture in stress management. Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal 16 2 107–114.
IEEE M. Cabıoğlu, S. İşeri, A. Çoban, and F. Çoban, “Role of acupuncture in stress management”, Marmara Pharm J, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 107–114, 2014, doi: 10.12991/mpj.99253.
ISNAD Cabıoğlu, Mehmet et al. “Role of Acupuncture in Stress Management”. Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal 16/2 (March 2014), 107-114. https://doi.org/10.12991/mpj.99253.
JAMA Cabıoğlu M, İşeri S, Çoban A, Çoban F. Role of acupuncture in stress management. Marmara Pharm J. 2014;16:107–114.
MLA Cabıoğlu, Mehmet et al. “Role of Acupuncture in Stress Management”. Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal, vol. 16, no. 2, 2014, pp. 107-14, doi:10.12991/mpj.99253.
Vancouver Cabıoğlu M, İşeri S, Çoban A, Çoban F. Role of acupuncture in stress management. Marmara Pharm J. 2014;16(2):107-14.