Bazil CW. New antiepileptic drugs. Neurology, 8:71–81, 2002.
Kwan P, Sills GJ, Brodie MJ. The mechanism of action of com- monly used antiepileptic drugs. Pharmacol Ther, 90:21–34, 2001.
Deckers CLP, Genton P, Sills GJ, Schmidt D. Current limita- tions of antiepileptic drug therapy: a conference review. Epi- lepsy Res, 53:1–17, 2003.
Ferrie CD, Panayiotopoulos CP: Therapeutic interaction of lamotrigine and sodium valproate in intractable myoclonic epilepsy. Seizure, 3:157–159, 1994.
Ferrie CD, Robinson RO, Knott C, Panayiotopoulos CP. Lamotrigine as an add-on drug in typical absence seizures. Acta Neurol Scand, 91:200–202, 1995.
Panayiotopoulos CP, CD Ferrie, C Knott, RO Robinson: Inter- action of lamotrigine with sodium valproate. Lancet, 41:445, 1993.
Pisani F, Di Perri R, Perucca E, Richens A. Interaction of lamo- trigine with sodium valproate. Lancet, 341:1224,1993.
Pisani F, Oteri G, Russo MF, Di Perri R, Perucca R, Richens A. The efficacy of valproatelamotrigine comedication in refacto- ry complex partial seizures: evidence for a pharmacodynamic interaction. Epilepsia, 40:1141–1146, 1999.
Calabrese JR, Bowden CL, Sachs GS, Ascher JA, Monaghan E, Rudd GD. A double-blind placebo-controlled study of lamot- rigine monotherapy in outpatients with bipolar I depression. Lamictal 602 Study Group. J Clin Psychiatry, 60:79–88, 1999.
Calabrese JR, Suppes T, Bowden CL, Sachs GS, Swann AC, McElroy SL, et al.: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, prophylaxis study of lamotrigine in rapid-cycling bipo- lar disorder. Lamictal 614 Study Group. J Clin Psychiatry, 61:841–850, 2000.
Frye MA, Ketter TA, Kimbrell TA, Dunn RT, Speer AM, Os- uch EA et al.: A placebo-controlled study of lamotrigine and gabapentin monotherapy in refractory mood disorders. J Clin Psychopharmacol, 20:607–614,2000.
Bowden CL, Calabrese JR, Sachs GS, Yatham LN, Asghar SA, Montgomery P, et al. A placebo-controlled 18-month trial of lamotrigine and lithium maintenance treatment in recently manic or hypomanic patients with bipolar disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 60:392-400, 2003.
Eriksson AS, O’Connor WT. Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid amino acids in young patients with generalised refractory epilepsy during an add-on study with lamotrigine. Epilepsy Res, 34:75–83, 1999.
Kuzniecky R, Ho S, Pan J, Martin R, Gilliam F, Faught E, et al. Modulation of cerebral GABA by topiramate, lamotrigine, and gabapentin in healthy adults. Neurology, 58:368–372, 2002.
Lees G, Leach MJ. Studies on the mechanism of action of the novel anticonvulsant lamotrigine (Lamactil) using primary neurological cultures from rat cortex. Brain Res, 612:190–199,
Waldmeier PC, Baumann PA, Wick P, Feldtrauer JJ, Stier- lin C, Scmutz M. Similar potency of carbamazepine, oxcar- bazepine and lamotrigine in inhibiting the release of gluta- mate and other neurotransmitters. Neurology, 45:1907–1913,
Waldmeier PC, Martin P, Stocklin K, Portet C, Scmutz M. Ef- fect of carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine and lamotrigine on the increase in extracellular glutamate elicited by veratridine in rat cortex and striatum. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch Phar- macol, 354:164–172, 1996.
Wang SJ, Sibra TS, Gean PW. Lamotrigine inhibition of gluta- mate release from isolated cerebrocortical nerve terminals (synaptosomes) by suppression of voltage-activated calcium channel activity. NeuroReport, 2:2255–2258, 2001.
Cunningham MO, Jones RSG. The anticonvulsant, lamot- rigine decreases spontaneous glutamate release but increases spontaneous GABA release in the rat entorhinal cortex in vivo. Neuropharmacology, 39:2139–2141, 2000.
Cunningham MO, Wood SJ, Dhillon A, Jones RSG. Reciprocal modulation of glutamate and GABA release may underlie the anticonvulsant effect of phenytoin. Neuroscience, 95:343–351, 2000.
Braga MF, Aroniadou-Anderjaska V, Post RM, Li H. Lamo- trigine reduces spontaneous and evoked GABAA receptor- mediated synaptic transmission in the basolateral amygdala: implications for its effects in seizure and affective disorders. Neuropharmacology, 42:522–529, 2002.
Hassel B, Tauboll E, Gjerstad L. Chronic lamotrigine treat- ment increases rat hippocampal GABA shunt activity and el- evates cerebral taurine levels. Epilepsy Res, 43:153–163, 2001.
Tanganelli S, Bianchi C, Beani L. The modulation of cortical acetylcholine release by GABA, GABAlike drugs and benzo- diazepines in freely moving guineapigs. Neuropharmacol- ogy, 24:291–299, 1985.
Bianchi C, Tanganelli S, Marzola G, Beani L. GABA induced changes in acetylcholine release from slices of guinea-pig brain. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol, 318:253–258, 1982.
McCormick DA, Prince DA. Mechanisms of action of acetyl- choline in the guinea pig cerebral cortex in vitro. J Physiol, 375:169–194, 1986.
Raiteri M, Marchi M, Paudice P, Pittaluga A. Muscarinic re- ceptors mediating inhibition of y-aminobutyric acid release in rat corpus striatum and their pharmacological characteriza- tion. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 254:496–501, 1990.
Hasuo H, Gallager JP, Shinnick-Gallager P. Disinhibition in the rat septum mediated by M1 muscarinic receptors. Brain Res, 438:323-327, 1988.
Shirakawa J, Taniyama K, lwai S, Tanaka C. Regulation [3H] GABA release from strips of guinea pig urinary bladder. Am J Physiol, 255:888-893, 1988.
Yananli H, Gören MZ, Berkman K, Aricioğlu F. Effect of ag- matine on brain L-citrulline production during morphine withdrawal in rats: a microdialysis study in nucleus ac- cumbens. Brain Res, 1132:51-58, 2007.
Paxinos G, Watson C. The rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates, ed 2. London Academic Press 1986.
Yananli HR, Terzioğlu B, Goren MZ, Aker RG, Aypak C, Onat FY. Extracellular hypothalamic gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and L-glutamic acid concentrations in response to bicuculline in a genetic absence epilepsy rat model. J Pharma- col Sci, 106:301-309, 2008.
PL Wheatley, AA Miller. Effects of lamotrigine on electrically induced afterdischarge duration in anaes. thetised rat, dog, and marmoset. Epilepsia, 30:34–40, 1989.
Morris RG, Black AB, Harris AL, Batty AB, Sallustio BC. Lamotrigine and therapeutic drug monitoring: retrospective survey following the introduction of a routine service. Br J Clin Pharmacol, 46:547–551, 1998.
Walker MC, Tong X, Perry H, Alavijeh MS, Patsalos PN. Comparison of serum, cerebrospinal fluid and brain extracel- lular fluid pharmacokinetics of lamotrigine. Br J Pharmacol, 130:242–248, 2000.
Walton NY, Jaing Q, Hyun B, Treiman DM. Lamotrigine vs. phenytoin for treatment of status epilepticus: comparison in an experimental model. Epilepsy Res, 24:19–28, 1996.
Parsons DN, Dickins M, Morley TJ. Lamotrigine: absorption, distribution, and excretion. In: Levy, R.H., Mattson, R.H., Meldrum, B.S. Antiepileptic Drugs, Raven Press, New York, 1995. pp 877– 881.
Leach MJ, Marden CM, Miller AA. Pharmacological studies on lamotrigine, a novel potential antiepileptic drug: II. Neu- rochemical studies on the mechanism of action. Epilepsia, 27:490–497, 1986.
Cheung H, Kamp D, Harris E. An in vitro investigation of the action of lamotrigine on neuronal voltage-activated sodium channels. Epilepsy Res, 13:107–112, 1992.
Lang DG, Wang CM, Cooper BR. Lamotrigine, phenytoin and carbamazepine interactions on the sodium current present in N4TG1 mouse neuroblastoma cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 266:829–835, 1993.
Xie X, Lancaster B, Peakman T, Garthwaite J. Interaction of the antiepileptic drug lamotrigine with recombinant rat brain type IIA Na channels and with native Na channels in rat hip- pocampal neurones. Pflugers Arch, 430:437–446, 1995.
Lizasoain I, Knowles RG, Moncada S. Inhibition by lamot- rigine of the generation of nitric oxide in rat forebrain slices. J Neurochem, 64:636–642, 1995.
Mikati MA, Holmes GL. Lamotrigine in absence and primary generalized epilepsies. J Child Neurol. Suppl, 1:29-37, 1997.
Ahmad S, Fowler LJ, Whitton PS. Effects of acute and chronic lamotrigine treatment on basal and stimulated extracellular amino acids in the hippocampus of freely moving rats. Brain Res, 1029:41-47, 2004.
Van Der Zee EA, Luiten PGM. Cholinergic and GABAergic neurons in the rat medial septum express muscarinic acetyl- choline receptors. Brain Res, 652:263–268, 1994.
De Boer P, Westerink BCH. GABAergic modulation of stri- atal cholinergic interneurons: An in vivo microdialysis study. J Neurochem, 62:70–75, 1994.
Tellioglu T, Akin S, Ozkutlu U, Oktay S, Onat F. The role of brain acetylcholine in GABAA receptor antagonist-induced blood-pressure changes in rat. Eur J Pharmacol, 317:301-307,
Onat F, Tellioglu T, Aker R, Goren Z, Iskender E, Oktay S. Ef- fect of muscimol on cholinomimetic-induced cardiovascular responses in rats. Eur J Pharmacol, 362:173-181, 1988.
Kayadjanian N, Menetrey A, Besson MJ. Activation of mus- carinic receptors stimulates GABA release in the rat globus pallidus. Synapse, 26:131–139, 1997.
Baba H, Kohno H, Okamoto M, Goldstein PA, Shimoji K, Yoshimura M. Muscarinic facilitation of GABA release in substantia gelatinosa of the rat spinal dorsal horn. J Physiol, 508:83-93, 1998.
Grillner P, Berretta N, Bernardi G, Svensson TH, Mercuri NB. Muscarinic receptors depress GABAergic synaptic trans- mission in rat midbrain dopamine neurons. Neuroscience, 96:299–307, 2000.
A linear relationship between lamotrigine and GABA in cerebrospinal fluid
Bazil CW. New antiepileptic drugs. Neurology, 8:71–81, 2002.
Kwan P, Sills GJ, Brodie MJ. The mechanism of action of com- monly used antiepileptic drugs. Pharmacol Ther, 90:21–34, 2001.
Deckers CLP, Genton P, Sills GJ, Schmidt D. Current limita- tions of antiepileptic drug therapy: a conference review. Epi- lepsy Res, 53:1–17, 2003.
Ferrie CD, Panayiotopoulos CP: Therapeutic interaction of lamotrigine and sodium valproate in intractable myoclonic epilepsy. Seizure, 3:157–159, 1994.
Ferrie CD, Robinson RO, Knott C, Panayiotopoulos CP. Lamotrigine as an add-on drug in typical absence seizures. Acta Neurol Scand, 91:200–202, 1995.
Panayiotopoulos CP, CD Ferrie, C Knott, RO Robinson: Inter- action of lamotrigine with sodium valproate. Lancet, 41:445, 1993.
Pisani F, Di Perri R, Perucca E, Richens A. Interaction of lamo- trigine with sodium valproate. Lancet, 341:1224,1993.
Pisani F, Oteri G, Russo MF, Di Perri R, Perucca R, Richens A. The efficacy of valproatelamotrigine comedication in refacto- ry complex partial seizures: evidence for a pharmacodynamic interaction. Epilepsia, 40:1141–1146, 1999.
Calabrese JR, Bowden CL, Sachs GS, Ascher JA, Monaghan E, Rudd GD. A double-blind placebo-controlled study of lamot- rigine monotherapy in outpatients with bipolar I depression. Lamictal 602 Study Group. J Clin Psychiatry, 60:79–88, 1999.
Calabrese JR, Suppes T, Bowden CL, Sachs GS, Swann AC, McElroy SL, et al.: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, prophylaxis study of lamotrigine in rapid-cycling bipo- lar disorder. Lamictal 614 Study Group. J Clin Psychiatry, 61:841–850, 2000.
Frye MA, Ketter TA, Kimbrell TA, Dunn RT, Speer AM, Os- uch EA et al.: A placebo-controlled study of lamotrigine and gabapentin monotherapy in refractory mood disorders. J Clin Psychopharmacol, 20:607–614,2000.
Bowden CL, Calabrese JR, Sachs GS, Yatham LN, Asghar SA, Montgomery P, et al. A placebo-controlled 18-month trial of lamotrigine and lithium maintenance treatment in recently manic or hypomanic patients with bipolar disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 60:392-400, 2003.
Eriksson AS, O’Connor WT. Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid amino acids in young patients with generalised refractory epilepsy during an add-on study with lamotrigine. Epilepsy Res, 34:75–83, 1999.
Kuzniecky R, Ho S, Pan J, Martin R, Gilliam F, Faught E, et al. Modulation of cerebral GABA by topiramate, lamotrigine, and gabapentin in healthy adults. Neurology, 58:368–372, 2002.
Lees G, Leach MJ. Studies on the mechanism of action of the novel anticonvulsant lamotrigine (Lamactil) using primary neurological cultures from rat cortex. Brain Res, 612:190–199,
Waldmeier PC, Baumann PA, Wick P, Feldtrauer JJ, Stier- lin C, Scmutz M. Similar potency of carbamazepine, oxcar- bazepine and lamotrigine in inhibiting the release of gluta- mate and other neurotransmitters. Neurology, 45:1907–1913,
Waldmeier PC, Martin P, Stocklin K, Portet C, Scmutz M. Ef- fect of carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine and lamotrigine on the increase in extracellular glutamate elicited by veratridine in rat cortex and striatum. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch Phar- macol, 354:164–172, 1996.
Wang SJ, Sibra TS, Gean PW. Lamotrigine inhibition of gluta- mate release from isolated cerebrocortical nerve terminals (synaptosomes) by suppression of voltage-activated calcium channel activity. NeuroReport, 2:2255–2258, 2001.
Cunningham MO, Jones RSG. The anticonvulsant, lamot- rigine decreases spontaneous glutamate release but increases spontaneous GABA release in the rat entorhinal cortex in vivo. Neuropharmacology, 39:2139–2141, 2000.
Cunningham MO, Wood SJ, Dhillon A, Jones RSG. Reciprocal modulation of glutamate and GABA release may underlie the anticonvulsant effect of phenytoin. Neuroscience, 95:343–351, 2000.
Braga MF, Aroniadou-Anderjaska V, Post RM, Li H. Lamo- trigine reduces spontaneous and evoked GABAA receptor- mediated synaptic transmission in the basolateral amygdala: implications for its effects in seizure and affective disorders. Neuropharmacology, 42:522–529, 2002.
Hassel B, Tauboll E, Gjerstad L. Chronic lamotrigine treat- ment increases rat hippocampal GABA shunt activity and el- evates cerebral taurine levels. Epilepsy Res, 43:153–163, 2001.
Tanganelli S, Bianchi C, Beani L. The modulation of cortical acetylcholine release by GABA, GABAlike drugs and benzo- diazepines in freely moving guineapigs. Neuropharmacol- ogy, 24:291–299, 1985.
Bianchi C, Tanganelli S, Marzola G, Beani L. GABA induced changes in acetylcholine release from slices of guinea-pig brain. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol, 318:253–258, 1982.
McCormick DA, Prince DA. Mechanisms of action of acetyl- choline in the guinea pig cerebral cortex in vitro. J Physiol, 375:169–194, 1986.
Raiteri M, Marchi M, Paudice P, Pittaluga A. Muscarinic re- ceptors mediating inhibition of y-aminobutyric acid release in rat corpus striatum and their pharmacological characteriza- tion. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 254:496–501, 1990.
Hasuo H, Gallager JP, Shinnick-Gallager P. Disinhibition in the rat septum mediated by M1 muscarinic receptors. Brain Res, 438:323-327, 1988.
Shirakawa J, Taniyama K, lwai S, Tanaka C. Regulation [3H] GABA release from strips of guinea pig urinary bladder. Am J Physiol, 255:888-893, 1988.
Yananli H, Gören MZ, Berkman K, Aricioğlu F. Effect of ag- matine on brain L-citrulline production during morphine withdrawal in rats: a microdialysis study in nucleus ac- cumbens. Brain Res, 1132:51-58, 2007.
Paxinos G, Watson C. The rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates, ed 2. London Academic Press 1986.
Yananli HR, Terzioğlu B, Goren MZ, Aker RG, Aypak C, Onat FY. Extracellular hypothalamic gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and L-glutamic acid concentrations in response to bicuculline in a genetic absence epilepsy rat model. J Pharma- col Sci, 106:301-309, 2008.
PL Wheatley, AA Miller. Effects of lamotrigine on electrically induced afterdischarge duration in anaes. thetised rat, dog, and marmoset. Epilepsia, 30:34–40, 1989.
Morris RG, Black AB, Harris AL, Batty AB, Sallustio BC. Lamotrigine and therapeutic drug monitoring: retrospective survey following the introduction of a routine service. Br J Clin Pharmacol, 46:547–551, 1998.
Walker MC, Tong X, Perry H, Alavijeh MS, Patsalos PN. Comparison of serum, cerebrospinal fluid and brain extracel- lular fluid pharmacokinetics of lamotrigine. Br J Pharmacol, 130:242–248, 2000.
Walton NY, Jaing Q, Hyun B, Treiman DM. Lamotrigine vs. phenytoin for treatment of status epilepticus: comparison in an experimental model. Epilepsy Res, 24:19–28, 1996.
Parsons DN, Dickins M, Morley TJ. Lamotrigine: absorption, distribution, and excretion. In: Levy, R.H., Mattson, R.H., Meldrum, B.S. Antiepileptic Drugs, Raven Press, New York, 1995. pp 877– 881.
Leach MJ, Marden CM, Miller AA. Pharmacological studies on lamotrigine, a novel potential antiepileptic drug: II. Neu- rochemical studies on the mechanism of action. Epilepsia, 27:490–497, 1986.
Cheung H, Kamp D, Harris E. An in vitro investigation of the action of lamotrigine on neuronal voltage-activated sodium channels. Epilepsy Res, 13:107–112, 1992.
Lang DG, Wang CM, Cooper BR. Lamotrigine, phenytoin and carbamazepine interactions on the sodium current present in N4TG1 mouse neuroblastoma cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 266:829–835, 1993.
Xie X, Lancaster B, Peakman T, Garthwaite J. Interaction of the antiepileptic drug lamotrigine with recombinant rat brain type IIA Na channels and with native Na channels in rat hip- pocampal neurones. Pflugers Arch, 430:437–446, 1995.
Lizasoain I, Knowles RG, Moncada S. Inhibition by lamot- rigine of the generation of nitric oxide in rat forebrain slices. J Neurochem, 64:636–642, 1995.
Mikati MA, Holmes GL. Lamotrigine in absence and primary generalized epilepsies. J Child Neurol. Suppl, 1:29-37, 1997.
Ahmad S, Fowler LJ, Whitton PS. Effects of acute and chronic lamotrigine treatment on basal and stimulated extracellular amino acids in the hippocampus of freely moving rats. Brain Res, 1029:41-47, 2004.
Van Der Zee EA, Luiten PGM. Cholinergic and GABAergic neurons in the rat medial septum express muscarinic acetyl- choline receptors. Brain Res, 652:263–268, 1994.
De Boer P, Westerink BCH. GABAergic modulation of stri- atal cholinergic interneurons: An in vivo microdialysis study. J Neurochem, 62:70–75, 1994.
Tellioglu T, Akin S, Ozkutlu U, Oktay S, Onat F. The role of brain acetylcholine in GABAA receptor antagonist-induced blood-pressure changes in rat. Eur J Pharmacol, 317:301-307,
Onat F, Tellioglu T, Aker R, Goren Z, Iskender E, Oktay S. Ef- fect of muscimol on cholinomimetic-induced cardiovascular responses in rats. Eur J Pharmacol, 362:173-181, 1988.
Kayadjanian N, Menetrey A, Besson MJ. Activation of mus- carinic receptors stimulates GABA release in the rat globus pallidus. Synapse, 26:131–139, 1997.
Baba H, Kohno H, Okamoto M, Goldstein PA, Shimoji K, Yoshimura M. Muscarinic facilitation of GABA release in substantia gelatinosa of the rat spinal dorsal horn. J Physiol, 508:83-93, 1998.
Grillner P, Berretta N, Bernardi G, Svensson TH, Mercuri NB. Muscarinic receptors depress GABAergic synaptic trans- mission in rat midbrain dopamine neurons. Neuroscience, 96:299–307, 2000.
Terzioğlu, B., Karaalp, A., & Gören, M. (2014). A linear relationship between lamotrigine and GABA in cerebrospinal fluid. Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal, 15(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.12991/mpj.58972
AMA
Terzioğlu B, Karaalp A, Gören M. A linear relationship between lamotrigine and GABA in cerebrospinal fluid. J Res Pharm. March 2014;15(1):1-6. doi:10.12991/mpj.58972
Chicago
Terzioğlu, Berna, Atilla Karaalp, and M. Gören. “A Linear Relationship Between Lamotrigine and GABA in Cerebrospinal Fluid”. Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal 15, no. 1 (March 2014): 1-6. https://doi.org/10.12991/mpj.58972.
EndNote
Terzioğlu B, Karaalp A, Gören M (March 1, 2014) A linear relationship between lamotrigine and GABA in cerebrospinal fluid. Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal 15 1 1–6.
IEEE
B. Terzioğlu, A. Karaalp, and M. Gören, “A linear relationship between lamotrigine and GABA in cerebrospinal fluid”, J Res Pharm, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 1–6, 2014, doi: 10.12991/mpj.58972.
ISNAD
Terzioğlu, Berna et al. “A Linear Relationship Between Lamotrigine and GABA in Cerebrospinal Fluid”. Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal 15/1 (March 2014), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.12991/mpj.58972.
JAMA
Terzioğlu B, Karaalp A, Gören M. A linear relationship between lamotrigine and GABA in cerebrospinal fluid. J Res Pharm. 2014;15:1–6.
MLA
Terzioğlu, Berna et al. “A Linear Relationship Between Lamotrigine and GABA in Cerebrospinal Fluid”. Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal, vol. 15, no. 1, 2014, pp. 1-6, doi:10.12991/mpj.58972.
Vancouver
Terzioğlu B, Karaalp A, Gören M. A linear relationship between lamotrigine and GABA in cerebrospinal fluid. J Res Pharm. 2014;15(1):1-6.