Aterosklerozun Patofizyolojisi ve Risk Faktörleri

Year 2017, Volume: 21 Issue: 1, 1 - 9, 15.08.2016

Sermin Savaş Tetik Başak Tanrıverdi

https://doi.org/10.12991/marupj.259875

Abstract

Dünyada ve ülkemizde ateroskleroz ve komplikasyonları en
önde gelen ölüm nedenidir. Ateroskleroz, tipik lezyonu ateroma plakları olan
orta ve büyük çaplı arterlerin intima tabakalarını etkileyen bir hastalıktır.
Endotel disfonksiyonu aterosklerotik süreçteki temel mekanizmalardan biridir.
Klasik ve yeni belirlenen risk faktörleri endotelde vazodilatatör cevabın
azalmasına yol açan kronik hasarlanma oluştururlar. Böylece endotelde oluşan
vazokonstriksiyon, inflamatuvar hücrelerin birikimi, düz kas hücrelerinin migrasyonu,
sitokin üretiminin artışı gibi olaylar aterosklerotik plak oluşumuna neden
olurlar. Endotel disfonksiyonu yalnız plak oluşumuna neden olan aterosklerotik
sürecin ilk basamağı olmakla kalmaz, ayrıca oluşan plağın büyümesine,
çatlamasına ve trombojenik olayların tetiklenmesine de neden olur.
Hiperkolesterolemi; ateroskleroz patogenezinde rol oynayan en önemli faktördür.
Epidemiyoloji çalışmaları, pek çok genetik ve çevresel faktör arasında artmış
serum kolesterol düzeylerinin, diğer bilinen risk faktörlerinin yokluğunda bile
ateroskleroz gelişimine tek başına yeterli olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu
çalışmada köpük hücrelerin oluşumunu sağlayarak ateroskleroz patogenezine katkısı
bulunduğu düşünülen lipoproteinler incelenirken, bu fenomene katıldığı
düşünülen pek çok parametrenin de ele alınarak değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. 

Keywords

Ateroskleroz, risk faktörleri, aterosklerozun patofizyolojisi

Aterosklerozun Patofizyolojisi ve Risk Faktörleri

Abstract

Atherosclerosis and its complications is the leading cause of
death both in our country and in the world. Atherosclerosis is a
disease that affects the intima layers of medium and large arteries
with its typical lesions “atherosclerotic plaques”. Endothelial
dysfunction is one of the basic mechanisms in the atherosclerotic
process. Classic and newly identified risk factors leading to a
decrease in the vasodilator response creates chronic injury. Thus,
vasoconstriction composed in endothelium, accumulation of
inflammatory cells, smooth muscle cell migration, cytokine
production cause the increase of events such as the formation
of atherosclerotic plaques. Endothelial dysfunction is not only the first step of the atherosclerotic plaque formation process,
but also cause triggering of atherogenic events cracking and the
growth of plaque. The most important factor that plays a role
in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is hypercholesterolemia.
Epidemiological studies indicate that along many genetic and
environmental factors, increased serum cholesterol levels is
enough alone for development of atherosclerosis in the absence
of other known risk factors. In this study, lipoproteins that
are considered to contribute formation of the pathogenesis of
atherosclerosis by creating foam cells were examined and it
is aimed to evaluate this phenomenon considering the many
parameters joining it.

Keywords

Atherosclerosis, risk factors, pathophysiology of atherosclerosis

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