Review
BibTex RIS Cite

Rational Pharmacotherapy Management Process in Dentistry

Year 2017, Volume: 21 Issue: 3, 436 - 444, 18.04.2017
https://doi.org/10.12991/marupj.306788

Abstract

Unnecessary or improper use of medications is a common
worldwide problem. Inadequate approach of doctors to the
rational use of medicine (RUM) principles and lack of its
educational process are main reasons of this problem. RUM
defined as “patients receive medications appropriate to
their clinical needs, in doses that meet their own individual
requirements, for an adequate period of time, and at the
lowest cost to them and their community”. Dentists prescribe
serious amount of medication, which is mostly analgesics and
antibiotics. Therefore, informing dentists and dissemination
of RUM among them is an urgent issue. This article points
out, “how to manage overall treatment process based on
RUM principles next by a patient on the dental practice”. In
additionally, that is carried out by a simulation case requiring
an analgesic drug treatment. Therefore, suitability of the drug
with the patient, which is going to be prescribed after dental
procedure with the correct diagnosis, will be assessed. Illness,
treatment aim, participants and adaptation with the life style
are explained to the patients. Dentist makes instructions and
recommendations clearly about the pharmacotherapy process
and informs the patient. Therefore, they integrate the patient to
the overall treatment process and manage it.

References

  • 1. Akıcı A, Uzuner A. Birinci Basamak Sağlık Kurumlarında Çalışan Hekimlere Yönelik Akılcı İlaç Kullanımı, 1.Baskı [Rational Drug Use in Primary Health Care Physicians]. Editör: Akıcı A. T.C. Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu Başkanlığı, Ankara. 2013, pp 25-93. 2. World Health Organization (WHO). Promoting rational use of medicines: core components, policy perspectives on medicines. Geneva: WH. 2002. 3. Akıcı A. Akılcı ilaç kullanımı, 1. Baskı [Rational Use of Medicine]. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Sağlık Araştırmaları Genel Müdürlüğü Yayını, Ankara. 2013, pp 8-141. 4. 4.Holloway K, van Dijk L. The World Medicines Situation 2011-Rational use of medicines. World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva. WHO/EMP/MIE 2011; 2.2. 5. 5.Akıcı A. Akılcı ilaç kullanımının genel ilkeleri ve Türkiye'deki güncel durum. Turkiye Klinikleri J Pharmacol-Special Topics 2015; 3: 1-10. 6. Akici A, Kalaca S, Goren MZ, Akkan AG, Karaalp A, Demir D, Ugurlu U, Oktay S. Comparison of rational pharmacotherapy decision-making competence of general practitioners with intern doctors. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2004; 60:75-82 7. Basaran NF, Akici A. Aspects of physicians' attitudes towards the rational use of drugs at a training and research hospital: A survey study. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2013; 69: 1581-7. 8. Hossaini-zadeh M. Current concepts of prophylactic antibiotics for dental patients. Dent Clin North Am 2016; 60:473-82. 9. Glenny AM, Oliver R, Roberts GJ, Hooper L, Worthington HV. Antibiotics for the prophylaxis of bacterial endocarditis in dentistry. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013; CD003813. 10. Laskarides C. Update on analgesic medication for adult and pediatric dental patients. Dent Clin North Am 2016;60:347- 66. 11. De Vries TP, Henning RH, Horgerzeil HV, Fresle HV. Guide to Good Prescribing: A Practical Manual. World Health Organization, Geneva 1994;14–18. 12. Akici A, Kalaca S, Ugurlu MU, Karaalp A, Cali S, Oktay S. Impact of a short postgraduate course in rational pharmacotherapy for general practitioners. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2004; 57:310-21. 13. Jain S, Upadhyaya P, Goyal J, Kumar A, Jain P, Seth V, Moghe VV. A systematic review of prescription pattern monitoring studies and their effectiveness in promoting rational use of medicines. Perspect Clin Res 2015; 6: 86-90. 14. Akıcı A, Gelal A, Erenmemişoğlu A, Melli M, Babaoğlu M, Oktay Ş. Akılcı ilaç kullanımı eğitimi uygulama sürecinde Türkiye’deki tıp fakültelerinde farmakoloji anabilim dallarının durumunun incelenmesi. Tıp Eğitimi Dünyası 2011;10: 11-20. 15. Akici A, Gören MZ, Aypak C, Terzioğlu B, Oktay S. Prescription audit adjunct to rational pharmacotherapy education improves prescribing skills of medical students. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2005;61:643-50. 16. Ross S1, Loke YK. Do educational interventions improve prescribing by medical students and junior doctors? A systematic review. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2009; 67: 662-70. 17. Akıcı A, Dülger GA, Toklu HZ, Uysal MK. the role of the doctor and pharmacist in ımproving patient compliance in the process of rational drug use. Türkiye Aile Hekimliği Derg 2011;14: 139-45. 18. Toklu HZ. Rational use of medicine in pharmacy practice. Turkiye Klin J Pharmacol-Special Top 2015;3:74-83. 19. Karki AJ, Holyfield G, Thomas D. Dental prescribing in Wales and associated public health issues. Br Dent J 2010;210: 21. 20. Cope A, Chestnutt I. Inappropriate prescribing of antibiotics in primary dental care: Reasons and resolutions. Prim Dent J 2014;3:33-7. 21. Poveda Roda R, Bagan JV, Sanchis Bielsa JM, Carbonell Pastor E. Antibiotic use in dental practice. A review. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2007;12:186-92. 22. Combating antibiotic resistance. J Am Dent Assoc 2004;135:484-7. 23. Aldous JA, Engar RC. Analgesic prescribing patterns in a group of dentists. Gen Dent 2000;48:586-90. 24. Tanwir F, Marrone G, Tariq A, Lundborg CS. Diagnosis and prescribing pattern of antibiotics and painkillers among dentists. Oral Health Prev Dent 2015;13:75-83. 25. Jayadev M, Karunakar P, Vishwanath B, Chinmayi SS, Siddhartha P, Chaitanya B. Knowledge and pattern of antibiotic and non narcotic analgesic prescription for pulpal and periapical pathologies- A survey among dentists. J Clin Diagn Res 2014;8:10-4. 26. Kaptan RF, Haznedaroglu F, Basturk FB, Kayahan MB. Treatment approaches and antibiotic use for emergency dental treatment in Turkey. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2013;9:443-9. 27. Araghi S, Sharifi R, Ahmadi G, Esfehani M, Rezaei F. The study of prescribing errors among general dentists. Glob J Health Sci 2016;8:32-43. 28. Oberoi SS, Dhingra C, Sharma G, Sardana D. Antibiotics in dental practice: How justified are we. Int Dent J 2015;65:4-10. 29. Yılmaz M, Kırbıyıkoğlu Fİ, Ariç Z, Kurşun B. Bir diş hekimliği fakültesi hastanesi'ne başvuran bireylerin akılcı ilaç kullanımlarının belirlenmesi. ERÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Derg 2014; 2: 39-47. 30. Koyuncuoğlu C, Kırmızı Nİ, Ceyhan İ, Akıcı A. diş hekimliği kliniklerine başvuru öncesinde hastaların ilaç kullanımı ile ilgili tutumlarının araştırılması. Marmara Pharm J 2017 21: (Baskıda). 31. Aksoy M, Alkan A, İsli F. Sağlık Bakanlığı’nın Akılcı İlaç Kullanımını Yaygınlaştırma Faaliyetleri. Turkiye Klinikleri J Pharmacol Special Topics 2015;3: 19-25. 32. Aydın M, Koyuncuoğlu CZ, Kılboz MM, Akıcı A. Diş hekimliğinde akılcı antibiyotik kullanımı. Turkiye Klinikleri J Pharmacol 2017; 23: 33-47. 33. Hogerzeil HV, Barnes KI, Henning RH, Kocabasoglu YE, Möller H, Smith AJ, Summers RS, de Vries TPGM. Teacher’s Guide to Good Prescribing. World Health Organization, Geneva, 2001. 34. Akici A, Oktay Ş. Rational pharmacotherapy and pharmacovigilance. Curr Drug Safety 2007;2:65-9. 35. Kayaalp O. Türkiye İlaçla Tedavi Kılavuzu 2011-2012 Formüleri (TİK-6) [Turkey National Medicine Formulary 2011-2012]. Pelikan Yayıncılık, Ankara. 2011, pp 30-35: 350- 411. 36. Akıcı A, Gelal A. Birinci basamakta nonsteroid antienflamatuar ilaçların akılcı kullanımı. Türkiye Klinikleri, Aile Hekimliği Dergisi Birinci Basamakta Ağrıya Yaklaşım Özel Sayısı 2011; 2:61-70. 37. Inotai A, Hankó B, Mészáros A. Trends in the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug market in six Central- Eastern European countries based on retail information. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2010;19:183-90. 38. Fosbøl EL, Gislason GH, Jacobsen S, Abildstrom SZ, Hansen ML, Schramm TK, et al. The pattern of use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) from 1997 to 2005: A nationwide study on 4.6 million people. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2008;17:822-33. 39. Kovac SH, Houston TK, Weinberger M. Inappropriate nonsteroidal anti-ınflammatory drug use: prevalence and predictors. J Patient Saf 2010;6:86-90. 40. Sostres C, Gargallo CJ, Arrovo MT, Lanas A. Adverse effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs, aspirin and coxibs) on upper gastrointestinal tract. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2010;24:121-32. 41. 41.Smith HS, Lesar TS. Analgesic prescribing errors and associated medication characteristics. J Pain 2011;12:29-40. 42. 42.Brunton LL, Parker KL. Section IV: Autocoids: Drug Therapy of Inflammation, Chapter 26: Analgesic-Antipyretic and Antiinflammatory Agents; Pharmacotherapy of Gout. In: Goodman & Gilman’s Pharmacology, 11th ed. Eds: Brunton LL, Parker KL. McGrawHill Companies. United States. 2006; pp 430. 43. 43.Cunha-Cruz J, Milgrom P, Shirtcliff RM, Huebner CE, Ludwig S, Allen G, Scott J. "Everybody brush!": protocol for a parallel-group randomized controlled trial of a familyfocused primary prevention program with distribution of oral hygiene products and education to increase frequency of toothbrushing. JMIR Res Protoc 2015;4: 58. 44. Yaacob M, Worthington HV, Deacon SA, Deery C, Walmsley AD, Robinson PG, Glenny AM. Powered versus manual toothbrushing for oral health. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014; 2281. 45. Sambunjak D, Nickerson JW, Poklepovic T, Johnson TM, Imai P, Tugwell P, 46. Worthington HV. Flossing for the management of periodontal diseases and dental caries in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011; 8829. 47. Akıcı A, Kalaça S. Topluma Yönelik Akılcı İlaç Kullanımı. 1. Baskı. Editör: Akıcı A. T.C. Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu Başkanlığı, Ankara. 2013. 48. Akici A, Kalaca S, Ugurlu MU, Toklu HZ, Iskender E, Oktay S. Patient knowledge about drugs prescribed at primary healthcare facilities. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2004;13:871-6. 49. Basaran NF, Akici A. Patients’ experience and perspectives on the rational use of drugs in Turkey: a survey study. Patient Prefer Adherence 2012;6:719-24. 50. Arslan LS, Semin S. Attitudes and practices of primary healthcare center patients about drug use in Turkey. Patient Educ Couns 2006;62:250-9. 51. Akici A, Mollahaliloglu S, Ozgulcu S, Donertas B, Alkan A. Assessment of health care service in terms of rational use of medicines delivered to patients in primary health care centres and public hospitals. Turkish Family Physician 2015;6:1-10.

Diş Hekimliğinde Akılcı Farmakoterapi Düzenleme Süreci

Year 2017, Volume: 21 Issue: 3, 436 - 444, 18.04.2017
https://doi.org/10.12991/marupj.306788

Abstract

İlaçların gereksiz veya yanlış kullanımı, dünya genelinde

yaygın bir sorundur. Hekimlerin akılcı ilaç kullanımı (AİK)

ilkelerine uygun yaklaşım sergilememesi ve buna ilişkin eğitim

eksiklikleri, sorunun önde gelen nedenleri arasındadır. AİK,

“ilaçların hastaların klinik ihtiyaçlarına uygun şekilde, uygun

dozlarda, yeterli sürede, kendilerine ve topluma en düşük

maliyette almaları” olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Diş hekimleri

(DH) analjezikler ve antibiyotikler başta olmak üzere,

alanlarına özgü hatırı sayılır miktarda ilacı reçete etmektedir.

Diş hekimliğinde AİK’i yaygınlaştırma faaliyetlerine acil ihtiyaç

duyulmaktadır. Bu yazıda, “hasta başında tedavi düzenleme

işlemi’nin AİK ilkelerine uygun nasıl yapılması gerektiği’

üzerinde durulmaktadır. Bu süreç yazıda, aynı zamanda

“analjezik tedavisi” örneği üzerinden simüle edilerek de

paylaşılmıştır. Buna göre DH, doğru tanıyı takiben uyguladığı

diğer dental işlemlerin yanı sıra, farmakoterapi düzenlemeyi

düşündüğü hastada, reçetelemeyi planladığı ilacın hastaya

uygunluğunu değerlendirir. Hastaya hastalığı, tedavi gerekçesi,

tedavinin bileşenleri, yaşam biçimine uyarlaması gerektirenler

de dahil yapması gerekenleri anlatır. Farmakoterapiye ilişkin

talimat ve uyarılarda bulunup takip işlemi vb. konularda açıkça

bilgilendirir. DH, bu süreçte hastayı olabildiğince tedavinin

ortak katılımcısı yapar ve tedaviyi başarıyla yönetir.

References

  • 1. Akıcı A, Uzuner A. Birinci Basamak Sağlık Kurumlarında Çalışan Hekimlere Yönelik Akılcı İlaç Kullanımı, 1.Baskı [Rational Drug Use in Primary Health Care Physicians]. Editör: Akıcı A. T.C. Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu Başkanlığı, Ankara. 2013, pp 25-93. 2. World Health Organization (WHO). Promoting rational use of medicines: core components, policy perspectives on medicines. Geneva: WH. 2002. 3. Akıcı A. Akılcı ilaç kullanımı, 1. Baskı [Rational Use of Medicine]. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Sağlık Araştırmaları Genel Müdürlüğü Yayını, Ankara. 2013, pp 8-141. 4. 4.Holloway K, van Dijk L. The World Medicines Situation 2011-Rational use of medicines. World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva. WHO/EMP/MIE 2011; 2.2. 5. 5.Akıcı A. Akılcı ilaç kullanımının genel ilkeleri ve Türkiye'deki güncel durum. Turkiye Klinikleri J Pharmacol-Special Topics 2015; 3: 1-10. 6. Akici A, Kalaca S, Goren MZ, Akkan AG, Karaalp A, Demir D, Ugurlu U, Oktay S. Comparison of rational pharmacotherapy decision-making competence of general practitioners with intern doctors. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2004; 60:75-82 7. Basaran NF, Akici A. Aspects of physicians' attitudes towards the rational use of drugs at a training and research hospital: A survey study. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2013; 69: 1581-7. 8. Hossaini-zadeh M. Current concepts of prophylactic antibiotics for dental patients. Dent Clin North Am 2016; 60:473-82. 9. Glenny AM, Oliver R, Roberts GJ, Hooper L, Worthington HV. Antibiotics for the prophylaxis of bacterial endocarditis in dentistry. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013; CD003813. 10. Laskarides C. Update on analgesic medication for adult and pediatric dental patients. Dent Clin North Am 2016;60:347- 66. 11. De Vries TP, Henning RH, Horgerzeil HV, Fresle HV. Guide to Good Prescribing: A Practical Manual. World Health Organization, Geneva 1994;14–18. 12. Akici A, Kalaca S, Ugurlu MU, Karaalp A, Cali S, Oktay S. Impact of a short postgraduate course in rational pharmacotherapy for general practitioners. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2004; 57:310-21. 13. Jain S, Upadhyaya P, Goyal J, Kumar A, Jain P, Seth V, Moghe VV. A systematic review of prescription pattern monitoring studies and their effectiveness in promoting rational use of medicines. Perspect Clin Res 2015; 6: 86-90. 14. Akıcı A, Gelal A, Erenmemişoğlu A, Melli M, Babaoğlu M, Oktay Ş. Akılcı ilaç kullanımı eğitimi uygulama sürecinde Türkiye’deki tıp fakültelerinde farmakoloji anabilim dallarının durumunun incelenmesi. Tıp Eğitimi Dünyası 2011;10: 11-20. 15. Akici A, Gören MZ, Aypak C, Terzioğlu B, Oktay S. Prescription audit adjunct to rational pharmacotherapy education improves prescribing skills of medical students. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2005;61:643-50. 16. Ross S1, Loke YK. Do educational interventions improve prescribing by medical students and junior doctors? A systematic review. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2009; 67: 662-70. 17. Akıcı A, Dülger GA, Toklu HZ, Uysal MK. the role of the doctor and pharmacist in ımproving patient compliance in the process of rational drug use. Türkiye Aile Hekimliği Derg 2011;14: 139-45. 18. Toklu HZ. Rational use of medicine in pharmacy practice. Turkiye Klin J Pharmacol-Special Top 2015;3:74-83. 19. Karki AJ, Holyfield G, Thomas D. Dental prescribing in Wales and associated public health issues. Br Dent J 2010;210: 21. 20. Cope A, Chestnutt I. Inappropriate prescribing of antibiotics in primary dental care: Reasons and resolutions. Prim Dent J 2014;3:33-7. 21. Poveda Roda R, Bagan JV, Sanchis Bielsa JM, Carbonell Pastor E. Antibiotic use in dental practice. A review. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2007;12:186-92. 22. Combating antibiotic resistance. J Am Dent Assoc 2004;135:484-7. 23. Aldous JA, Engar RC. Analgesic prescribing patterns in a group of dentists. Gen Dent 2000;48:586-90. 24. Tanwir F, Marrone G, Tariq A, Lundborg CS. Diagnosis and prescribing pattern of antibiotics and painkillers among dentists. Oral Health Prev Dent 2015;13:75-83. 25. Jayadev M, Karunakar P, Vishwanath B, Chinmayi SS, Siddhartha P, Chaitanya B. Knowledge and pattern of antibiotic and non narcotic analgesic prescription for pulpal and periapical pathologies- A survey among dentists. J Clin Diagn Res 2014;8:10-4. 26. Kaptan RF, Haznedaroglu F, Basturk FB, Kayahan MB. Treatment approaches and antibiotic use for emergency dental treatment in Turkey. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2013;9:443-9. 27. Araghi S, Sharifi R, Ahmadi G, Esfehani M, Rezaei F. The study of prescribing errors among general dentists. Glob J Health Sci 2016;8:32-43. 28. Oberoi SS, Dhingra C, Sharma G, Sardana D. Antibiotics in dental practice: How justified are we. Int Dent J 2015;65:4-10. 29. Yılmaz M, Kırbıyıkoğlu Fİ, Ariç Z, Kurşun B. Bir diş hekimliği fakültesi hastanesi'ne başvuran bireylerin akılcı ilaç kullanımlarının belirlenmesi. ERÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Derg 2014; 2: 39-47. 30. Koyuncuoğlu C, Kırmızı Nİ, Ceyhan İ, Akıcı A. diş hekimliği kliniklerine başvuru öncesinde hastaların ilaç kullanımı ile ilgili tutumlarının araştırılması. Marmara Pharm J 2017 21: (Baskıda). 31. Aksoy M, Alkan A, İsli F. Sağlık Bakanlığı’nın Akılcı İlaç Kullanımını Yaygınlaştırma Faaliyetleri. Turkiye Klinikleri J Pharmacol Special Topics 2015;3: 19-25. 32. Aydın M, Koyuncuoğlu CZ, Kılboz MM, Akıcı A. Diş hekimliğinde akılcı antibiyotik kullanımı. Turkiye Klinikleri J Pharmacol 2017; 23: 33-47. 33. Hogerzeil HV, Barnes KI, Henning RH, Kocabasoglu YE, Möller H, Smith AJ, Summers RS, de Vries TPGM. Teacher’s Guide to Good Prescribing. World Health Organization, Geneva, 2001. 34. Akici A, Oktay Ş. Rational pharmacotherapy and pharmacovigilance. Curr Drug Safety 2007;2:65-9. 35. Kayaalp O. Türkiye İlaçla Tedavi Kılavuzu 2011-2012 Formüleri (TİK-6) [Turkey National Medicine Formulary 2011-2012]. Pelikan Yayıncılık, Ankara. 2011, pp 30-35: 350- 411. 36. Akıcı A, Gelal A. Birinci basamakta nonsteroid antienflamatuar ilaçların akılcı kullanımı. Türkiye Klinikleri, Aile Hekimliği Dergisi Birinci Basamakta Ağrıya Yaklaşım Özel Sayısı 2011; 2:61-70. 37. Inotai A, Hankó B, Mészáros A. Trends in the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug market in six Central- Eastern European countries based on retail information. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2010;19:183-90. 38. Fosbøl EL, Gislason GH, Jacobsen S, Abildstrom SZ, Hansen ML, Schramm TK, et al. The pattern of use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) from 1997 to 2005: A nationwide study on 4.6 million people. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2008;17:822-33. 39. Kovac SH, Houston TK, Weinberger M. Inappropriate nonsteroidal anti-ınflammatory drug use: prevalence and predictors. J Patient Saf 2010;6:86-90. 40. Sostres C, Gargallo CJ, Arrovo MT, Lanas A. Adverse effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs, aspirin and coxibs) on upper gastrointestinal tract. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2010;24:121-32. 41. 41.Smith HS, Lesar TS. Analgesic prescribing errors and associated medication characteristics. J Pain 2011;12:29-40. 42. 42.Brunton LL, Parker KL. Section IV: Autocoids: Drug Therapy of Inflammation, Chapter 26: Analgesic-Antipyretic and Antiinflammatory Agents; Pharmacotherapy of Gout. In: Goodman & Gilman’s Pharmacology, 11th ed. Eds: Brunton LL, Parker KL. McGrawHill Companies. United States. 2006; pp 430. 43. 43.Cunha-Cruz J, Milgrom P, Shirtcliff RM, Huebner CE, Ludwig S, Allen G, Scott J. "Everybody brush!": protocol for a parallel-group randomized controlled trial of a familyfocused primary prevention program with distribution of oral hygiene products and education to increase frequency of toothbrushing. JMIR Res Protoc 2015;4: 58. 44. Yaacob M, Worthington HV, Deacon SA, Deery C, Walmsley AD, Robinson PG, Glenny AM. Powered versus manual toothbrushing for oral health. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014; 2281. 45. Sambunjak D, Nickerson JW, Poklepovic T, Johnson TM, Imai P, Tugwell P, 46. Worthington HV. Flossing for the management of periodontal diseases and dental caries in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011; 8829. 47. Akıcı A, Kalaça S. Topluma Yönelik Akılcı İlaç Kullanımı. 1. Baskı. Editör: Akıcı A. T.C. Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu Başkanlığı, Ankara. 2013. 48. Akici A, Kalaca S, Ugurlu MU, Toklu HZ, Iskender E, Oktay S. Patient knowledge about drugs prescribed at primary healthcare facilities. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2004;13:871-6. 49. Basaran NF, Akici A. Patients’ experience and perspectives on the rational use of drugs in Turkey: a survey study. Patient Prefer Adherence 2012;6:719-24. 50. Arslan LS, Semin S. Attitudes and practices of primary healthcare center patients about drug use in Turkey. Patient Educ Couns 2006;62:250-9. 51. Akici A, Mollahaliloglu S, Ozgulcu S, Donertas B, Alkan A. Assessment of health care service in terms of rational use of medicines delivered to patients in primary health care centres and public hospitals. Turkish Family Physician 2015;6:1-10.
There are 1 citations in total.

Details

Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ahmet Akıcı This is me

Gökhan Göçmen This is me

Publication Date April 18, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 21 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Akıcı, A., & Göçmen, G. (2017). Rational Pharmacotherapy Management Process in Dentistry. Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal, 21(3), 436-444. https://doi.org/10.12991/marupj.306788
AMA Akıcı A, Göçmen G. Rational Pharmacotherapy Management Process in Dentistry. Marmara Pharm J. June 2017;21(3):436-444. doi:10.12991/marupj.306788
Chicago Akıcı, Ahmet, and Gökhan Göçmen. “Rational Pharmacotherapy Management Process in Dentistry”. Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal 21, no. 3 (June 2017): 436-44. https://doi.org/10.12991/marupj.306788.
EndNote Akıcı A, Göçmen G (June 1, 2017) Rational Pharmacotherapy Management Process in Dentistry. Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal 21 3 436–444.
IEEE A. Akıcı and G. Göçmen, “Rational Pharmacotherapy Management Process in Dentistry”, Marmara Pharm J, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 436–444, 2017, doi: 10.12991/marupj.306788.
ISNAD Akıcı, Ahmet - Göçmen, Gökhan. “Rational Pharmacotherapy Management Process in Dentistry”. Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal 21/3 (June 2017), 436-444. https://doi.org/10.12991/marupj.306788.
JAMA Akıcı A, Göçmen G. Rational Pharmacotherapy Management Process in Dentistry. Marmara Pharm J. 2017;21:436–444.
MLA Akıcı, Ahmet and Gökhan Göçmen. “Rational Pharmacotherapy Management Process in Dentistry”. Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal, vol. 21, no. 3, 2017, pp. 436-44, doi:10.12991/marupj.306788.
Vancouver Akıcı A, Göçmen G. Rational Pharmacotherapy Management Process in Dentistry. Marmara Pharm J. 2017;21(3):436-44.