Smith’te Tutarlılık Tartışması Bağlamında Görünmez El Metaforu ve Kendiliğinden Doğan Düzenin İktisat ve Toplum Açısından Önemi

Year 2017, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 263 - 276, 27.10.2017

Hakan Gökhan Gündoğdu

https://doi.org/10.14782/sbd.2017.75

Abstract

This
study, deals with the emergence of political economy along with the production
of goods and

services
depending on the capital accumulation process. The Smithian impact in resolving
the link

between
the definition of political economy and distribution and accumulation shall be
explained.

Moreover,
the view that Smith’s works titled The Theory
of Moral Sentiments and The
Wealth of the

Nations contain consistency rather than
inconsistency are evaluated in the study. Smith deals with the

market
and political process in his work titled The Wealth
of the Nations. Therefore, it is expressed

that
the bases of political economy have been established by his work. Moreover,
Smith evaluates the

moral
philosophy in his work titled The Theory
of Moral Sentiments which focuses on the importance

of
concepts like utility and ethics. Accordingly, that the thinkers of Scottish
Enlightenment focus

on
emotions instead of mind and then Smith’s tendency towards emotional
rationality realized in

consistency
are expressed and that these thinkers are turning towards the concept of sympathy is

emphasized
in this study. Smith, one of the thinkers of Scottish Enlightenment, attempted
to describe

the
desire of people to be accepted, adopted and esteemed in society by the concept
of sympathy.

Furthermore,
Smith mentions that there is a relationship between the concept of sympathy and ethical

values. In this context, this study explains
the assessment of the concept of sympathy from a social

and
ethical point of view by the thinkers of Scottish Enlightenment. In addition,
it is argued that the

idea
of spontaneous order and the invisible hand metaphor in Smith have integrity
with Smith’s Moral

Sentiments Theory.
Smith, with the idea of spontaneous order, claims that individuals are pursuing

their
self-interest in the commercial society, as a result, a collective development
can be achieved by

this
way. In the spontaneous order, there are cooperations and exchanges in the
market among people.

On
the other hand, Smith expresses that public good will reach the highest level
with the invisible

hand
metaphor. Besides, the invisible hand metaphor is an instrument which balance
both market

and
society that has the function of regulatory force. This study, discusses the
importance of Smith’s

invisible
hand metaphor and spontaneous order for economy and society. In the study, it
is emphasized

on
the argument that Smith’s invisible hand metaphor can be explained with work
titled The Moral

Sentiments Theory. Nevertheless,
it is evaluated that the principle of sympathy in The Moral Sentiments

Theory is referred to the sense of competition
in The Wealth of the Nations and the economic life of the

buyer
and the seller is realized in a consistent way. In this context, the purpose of
the study is to reveal

and
discuss whether Smith’s invisible hand metaphor and the idea of spontaneous
order and also his

ideas
on economics, society and morality in general are linked to each other or not.
As a consequence

of
the study, it is stated that Smith had tendency toward the ideal of integrating
economics and moral

behavior
in The Theory of Moral Sentiments and The Wealth of the Nations. Moreover, in general, that

the
Scottish Enlightenment thinkers referred to moral values rather than to the
self-interested reason

and the
discipline of the political economy has developed with Smith is manifested.

Keywords

Ekonomi Politik, Görünmez El Metaforu, Kendiliğinden Doğan Düzen, Ahlaki Duygular Kuramı, Ulusların Zenginliği.

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