Türkiye’de Seçim Bütünlüğü ve Seçim Gözlemi

Year 2018, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 143 - 168, 04.04.2018

İşıl Zeynep Türkan İpek

https://doi.org/10.14782/marusbd.412637

Abstract

Siyasi kutuplaşmalar, popülist söylemlerin yükselişi ve küresel ölçekte risk toplumunun gelişimi, seçim
bütünlüğü ve meşruiyetini olumsuz etkilemektedir. Bu bağlamda, yerel seçim gözlemi adil, güvenli ve
şeffaf seçim süreçlerinin sağlanabilmesi için bir zorunluluk olmaktadır. Türkiye’de seçimleri gözlemleyen
çeşitli sivil toplum örgütleri ve aktörleri olmakla birlikte, yerel seçim gözlem kuruluşu şekilde çalışan
bir sivil toplum kuruluşu, Oy ve Ötesi, bulunmaktadır. Türkiye’de seçim çalışmaları seçim bütünlüğü
kavramı üzerinde durmamakta ve vatandaşlar yerel seçim gözlemi konusunda bilgi sahibi değildirler.
Bu makalenin amacı öncelikle seçim bütünlüğü kavramını tanımlamak ve yerel seçim gözleminin,

özellikle de siyasi kutuplaşmanın görüldüğü toplumlarda, öneminin altını çizmektir. Bu bağlamda,
iki araştırma sorusu bu makalenin temelini oluşturmaktadır: yerel seçim gözlem grupları Türkiye’de
seçim bütünlüğü ve meşruiyetini nasıl sağlayabilir? Oy ve Ötesi gönüllülerinin Türkiye’deki seçim
bütünlüğü üzerine düşünceleri nelerdir? Bu sorular çerçevesinde, makalede, Türkiye’de seçimlere dair
bilginin gelişmesi ve seçim meşruiyetinin sağlanması için çalışan Oy ve Ötesi derneğinin çalışmaları
ve gönüllülerinin seçim bütünlüğünün gelişimine katkısı incelenecektir. Çalışmanın verileri Oy ve
Ötesi Derneği’nin iki yöneticisi ile gerçekleştirilmiş derinlemesine görüşmenin ve gönüllüler arasında
gerçekleştirilmiş pilot anket çalışmasının verilerine dayanmaktadır. Çalışmanın ilk argümanı şöyledir:
küresel ölçekte gözlemlenen toplumsal ve siyasi kutuplaşma, popülizm ve gerçek sonrası söylemlerle
gelişen risk toplumu, seçim bütünlüğünü olumsuz etkilemektedir. İkinci argüman ise, seçimlerdeki
yanlış uygulamalar, vatandaşları seçimlere ve secim gözlemine katılmaya teşvik etmektedir. Bu yaklaşım
çerçevesinde, makale, Türkiye’deki seçim çalışmalarına teorik ve ampirik çerçevede bir katkı sağlamayı
hedeflemektedir.

Keywords

Seçim Bütünlüğü, Secim Çalışmaları, Yerel Seçim Gözlemi, Kutuplaşma, Gerçek Ötesi, Popülizm, Sivil Toplum

Electoral Integrity and Election Monitoring in Turkey

Abstract

The political polarization, populist discourses and development of risk society inside the global context
have been causing damages on electoral integrity and legitimacy. Domestic election monitoring is a
necessity in order to establish a fair, secure and transparent election process. In Turkey, there is one
domestic monitoring organization, Vote and Beyond and a few non-governmental organizations trying
to observe elections. Elections in Turkey have not been analyzed around the concept of electoral
integrity and citizens are not aware of domestic monitoring. The aim of this paper is to present the
concept of electoral integrity and underline the importance of domestic monitoring, especially in
politically divided societies. Our two key questions for this article are: “how can domestic monitoring
organizations help to establish electoral integrity and legitimacy in Turkey?”, “what are the ideas of
volunteers at Vote and Beyond on electoral integrity in Turkey?” According to these questions, this
article aims to analyze the activities of Vote and Beyond aiming to develop electoral knowledge of
Turkish people and legitimacy of the elections in Turkey and the impact of volunteers working within
this NGO. Our analysis will be based on in-depth interviews with the founders and a pilot study of a
survey realized with volunteers of Vote and Beyond. The first argument relies on the idea that social
and political polarization and the development of global risks by populist and post-truth politics
have negative impacts on electoral integrity. And the second argument is that election malpractices
encourage more and more citizens to participate in election observation in order to prevent fraud
and corruption during the elections. Within this approach, the article aims to make a theoretical and
empirical contribution to electoral studies in Turkey.

Keywords

Electoral Integrity, Electoral Studies, Domestic Election Monitoring, Polarization, Post- Truth, Populism, Civil Society

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