Elaiussa Sebaste Üretimi "Geç Roma 1" Amforalarının Geleneksel Tipoloji ve Geometrik Morfometrik Analizlerle Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

1995 yılında kazısına başlanan Mersin/Elaiussa Sebaste Antik kenti, Anadolu’yu Suriye’ye bağlayan önemli sahil yolu üzerindeki konumu ve zengin doğal, tarımsal kaynakları ile MÖ 2. yüzyıldan MS 7. yüzyıla kadar Doğu Akdeniz’deki yoğun ticaretin aktif bir parçası olmuştur. MS 4. yüzyılın sonlarından başlayarak bir dizi ticaret yolu önem kazanarak gelişmiş, Elaiussa Sebaste de bu ekonomik süreçte aydınlanma dönemi yaşamıştır. Kent merkezi ve çevresinde amfora yapımı için 6 adet fırın inşa edilmiş, “Geç Roma Amfora 1 (LRA1)” olarak bilinen, Geç Antik Dönem’den başlayarak kentin çöküşüne dek Elaiussa endüstrisinin tipik ürünü haline gelen amforalar üretilmiştir. MS 5. yüzyıl başlarında standart hale getirilip üretilerek ihraç edilen bu amforalar, Erken Bizans Dönemi’nde neredeyse Akdeniz kıyısındaki tüm pazarlara, hatta Britanya Adaları ve Hindistan gibi çok daha uzak pazarlara ulaşmıştır. Kentte kazı çalışması yapılan alanlarda, antik dönemde üretim yapan 6 adet fırın ve bol miktarda amfora tespit edilmiştir. Bunun yanında, bulunan işlikler ile limanda yer alan imalathane olduğu düşünülen mekânlar ise Elaiussa Sebaste’nin antik dönem ticareti içindeki önemini belgelemektedir. Günümüze kadar bölge ile ilgili yapılan çalışmalarda daha çok ince-kaba seramik ve amforaların listelenmesi üzerine yoğunlaşılmıştır. Daha ayrıntılı bir tipololojik çalışma zorunluluğu özellikle bölgeler arasındaki amforaların karşılaştırılmasında gerekli görülmektedir. Şekil analizine dayanan ve karşılaştırma için kullanılan görece yeni bir yöntem ise Geometrik Morfometri yöntemidir. Her iki yöntemin de kullanıldığı bu çalışmada, seramik buluntularından elde edilen geometrik morfometrik veriler ve tipolojik veriler analiz edilerek seramik sınıflandırılmasına yeni bir yaklaşım getirilmiştir. Böylece, Elaiussa Sebaste antik kentinin Geç Antik Çağda üretimini yaptığı amfora gruplarının tipolojik ve geometrik morfometrik verilerinin elde edilmesi ve karşılaştırılmaları ile ilk adım atılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Elaiussa Sebaste,Üretim,Amfora,Tipoloji,Geometrik Morfometri

Kaynakça

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