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Boğa ve Trident: Poseidon’un Kökeni Üzerine Bir İnceleme

Year 2018, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 35 - 48, 01.04.2018

Abstract

Poseidon, Yunan mitolojisinde deniz tanrısıdır. İsminin “toprağın eşi” anlamına geldiği düşünülür. Poseidon, aynı zamanda depremleri de kontrol eder. Yaratıcı güçle ilgili olan boğa, onun için kutsaldır, göksel bir sembol olan trident ise atribüsüdür. Tanrının kökeni tartışmalıdır. Bu semboller kudretli gök tanrılar ile ilintili olduğu düşünülürse, başka kanıtlar ve tanrının özünden günümüze ulaşan izler takip edildiğinde, onun erken dönemlerdeki kudreti anlaşılır ve Poseidon’un göksel kimliği açığa çıkar. Bir teori onun bereketlilik daimonu olduğudur; tanrı, Demeter ile aygıra dönüşerek ilişkiye girmiştir. Bu ilişki eril ve dişil bereketlilik daimonlarının birleşimini gösterir niteliktedir. Bu makalede Poseidon’un kudretli geçmişini yansıtan izler takip edilerek, onun kökeni incelenmiştir.

References

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  • Kramer 1999: Kramer, S.M., Sümer Mitolojisi. İÖ Üçüncü Bin Yıldaki Tinsel ve Edebi Gelişim Üstüne Bir Çalışma, Çev. H. Koyukan, İstanbul, 1999.
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  • Mellaart 1967: Mellaart, J., Çatal Hüyük. A Neolithic Town in Anatolia, Londra, 1967.
  • Morford 2011: Morford,M., Lenardon, R., Sham, M., Classical Mythology, Oxford, 2011.
  • Nillson 1927: Nillson, M.P., The Minoan-Mycenaean Religion and Its Survival in Greek Religion, Londra, 1927.
  • Suk Fong Jim 2014: Suk Fong Jim, T., Sharing with The Gods. Aparchai and Dekatoi in Ancient Greece, Oxford, 2014.
  • Rose 1958: Rose, H.J., “Divine Names in Classical Greece”, The Harvard Theological Review, Vol. 51, No. 1, 1958, 3-32.
  • Rose 2005: Rose, H.J., A Handbook of Greek Mythology, Londra ve New York, 2005.
  • Simon 1998: Simon, E., Die Götter der Griechen, Münih, 1998.
  • Vieyra 1955: Vieyra, M., Hittite Art. 2300-750 BC, Londra, 1955.
  • Willamowitz-Moellendorff 1931: Willamowitz-Moellendorff, U., Der Glaube Der Hellennen Band I, Berlin, 1931.
  • Younger 1976: Younger, J.G., “Bronze Age Representations of Aegean BullLeaping”, American Journal of Archaeology 80/2, 1976, 125-137.
  • Zimmer 2006: Zimmer, H., Hint Sanatı ve Uygarlığında Mitler ve Simgeler, Çev. G. Ç. Güven, İstanbul, 2006.

Bull and Trident: an Investigation of the Origin of Posedion

Year 2018, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 35 - 48, 01.04.2018

Abstract

Poseidon is a sea God who is Greek in origin, the meaning of his name is thought to be “consort of the earth”. He is also the god of earthquakes. The Trident which, is the emblem of Poseidon, is a solar symbol in origin. Also the bull is sacred to him. In general the bull is a symbol of creation, it arouses strength and vitality. The origins of Poseidon are very controversial. If the symbolism of the bull and the trident indicates celestial power, then in early times he was a god of the sky. Also in early times he was a male spirit of fertility. This phenomenon fits well with his relation to bulls and horses. One theory is that he was a daemon of fertility; he had transformed to a stallion and entered a relationship with Demeter. With this releation, we have the union of the male and female powers of the fertility of the earth. This article aims to argue the origin of Poseidon.

References

  • Apollod. Bibl. Apollodoros, Bibliotheke (Bibliotheka), Çev. N. Nirven, İstanbul, 2017.
  • Hes. Theog. Hesiodos, Theogonia (İşler ve Günler), Çev. A. Erhat-S. Eyüboğlu, İstanbul, 2017.
  • Hom. İl. Homeros, İlias (İlyada), çev. A. Erhat- A. Kadir, İstanbul, 2017.
  • Hom. Od. Homeros, Odysseia, Çev. A. Erhat- A. Kadir, İstanbul, 2017.
  • Paus. Pausanias, Periegesis Tes Hellados (Description of Greece, vol.1-2 (Attica and Corinth), Loeb Classical Series, Çev. W. H. S. Jones, Cambridge, 1918.
  • Beer 2003: R. Beer, The Handbook of Tibetan Buddhist Symbols, Chicago ve Londra, 2003.
  • Black-Green 2004: Black, J.-Green, A., An Illustrated Dictionary. Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia, Londra, 2004.
  • Bremmer 2010: Bremmer, J.N., “The Greek Gods In The Twentieth Century”, The Gods of Ancient Greece. Identities and Transformations, Ed. J.N. Bremmer- A. Erskine, Edinburg Leventis Studies 5, Edinburg, 2010, 2-18.
  • Broneer 1971: Broneer, O., Istmia I: Temple of Poseidon, Princeton, 1971.
  • Burkert 1979: Burkert, W., Structure and History of Greek Mythology and Ritual, Londra, 1979.
  • Chevalier-Gheerbrant 1996: Chevalier, J.-Gheerbrant, A., Dictionary of Symbols, Londra, 1996.
  • Calame 2000: Calame, C, Greek Mythology: Poetics, Pragmatics and Fiction, Çev. J. Lloyd, Cambridge, 2000.
  • Campbell 1995: Campbell, J., Tanrının Maskeleri: Batı Mitolojisi, Çev. K. Emiroğlu, İstanbul, 1995.
  • Castledon 2005: Castledon, R., Mycenaeans, New York, 2005.
  • Cooper 2006: Cooper, J., An Illustrated Encyclopedia of Traditional Symbols, Londra, 2006.
  • Dallapiccola 2003: Dallapiccola, A.L., Hint Mitleri, Çev. B. Savcı, İstanbul, 2003.
  • Doxey 2013: Doxey, D. M., “Egyptian Religion”, The Cambridge History of Religions in The Ancient World, vol.I: From The Bronze Age to the Hellenistic Age , Ed. Salzman M. R., Cambridge, 2013, 177-204.
  • Eliade 2003a: Eliade, M., Dinler Tarihine Giriş, Çev. L. Arslan, İstanbul, 2003.
  • Eliade 2003b: Eliade, M., Dinsel İnançlar ve Düşünceler Tarihi I. Taş Devrinden Eleusis Mysteria’larına, Çev. A. Berktay, İstanbul, 2003.
  • Gantz 1993: Gantz, T., Early Greek Myth. A Guide to Liteary and Artistic Sources, Baltimore ve Londra, 1993.
  • Gebhard 1987: Gebhard, E. R., “The Early Sanctuary of Poseidon at Istmia”, American Journal of Archaeology 91/3, 1987, 475-476.
  • Gezgin 2007: Gezgin, D., Hayvan Mitosları, İstanbul, 2007.
  • Graves 2004: Graves, R., Yunan Mitleri, Çev. U. Akpur, İstanbul, 2004.
  • Grimal 1997: Grimal, P., Mitoloji Sözlüğü. Yunan ve Roma, Çev. S. Tamgüç, İstanbul, 1997.
  • Gurney 2001: Gurney, O.R., Hititler, Çev. P. Arpaçay, Ankara, 2001.
  • Guthrie 1956: Guthrie, W.K.C., The Greeks and Their Gods, Boston, 1956.
  • Hansen 2017: Hansen, W., Yunan ve Roma Mitolojisi, Çev. Ü. H. Yolsal, İstanbul, 2017.
  • Hooke 2015: Hooke, S.M., Ortadoğu Mitolojisi. Mezopotamya, Mısır, Filistin, Hitit, Musevi, Hıristiyan Mitosları, Çev. A. Şenel, İstanbul, 2015.
  • Hopman 2012: Hopman, M.G., Scylla. Myth, Metaphor, Paradox, Cambridge, 2012.
  • Jost 2003: Jost, M., “Mystery Cults in Arcadia”, Greek Mysteries. The Archaeology and Ritual of Ancient Greek Secret Cults, Ed. M.B. Cosmopoulos, Londra ve New York, 2003, 143-168.
  • Jost 2007: Jost, M., “The Religious System in Arcadia”, A Companion to Greek Religion, Ed. D. Ogden, Oxford, 2007, 264-280.
  • Kerenyi 1976: Kerenyi, K., Zeus and Hera. Archetypal Image of Father, Husband and Wife, Londra, 1976.
  • Kerenyi 1988: Kerenyi, K., The Gods of The Greeks, Londra, 1988.
  • Kerenyi 2018: Kerenyi, K., Yunan Mitolojisi: Tanrılar, İnsanlar ve Kahramanlar, Çev. O. Özügül, İstanbul, 2018.
  • Kitto 2017: Kitto, H.D.F., Yunanlar, Çev. A. Yurdaçalış, İstanbul, 2017.
  • Kramer 1999: Kramer, S.M., Sümer Mitolojisi. İÖ Üçüncü Bin Yıldaki Tinsel ve Edebi Gelişim Üstüne Bir Çalışma, Çev. H. Koyukan, İstanbul, 1999.
  • Larson 2007: Larson, J., Ancient Greek Cults. A Guide, Londra, 2007.
  • Luraghi 2008: Luraghi, N, The Ancient Messenians. Constructions of Ethnicity and Memory, Cambridge 2008.
  • Mallory-Adams 1997: Mallory, J.P.-Adams D.Q., Encyclopedia of Indo-Europoean Culture, Londra, 1997.
  • Mallory-Adams 2006: Mallory, J.P.-Adams D.Q., The Oxford Introduction to Proto-IndoEuropean and the Proto-Indo-European World, Oxford, 2006.
  • Mallory 2002: Mallory, J. P., Hint Avrupalıların İzinde. Dil, Arkeoloji ve Mit, Çev. M. Günay, İstanbul, 2002.
  • Mellaart 1967: Mellaart, J., Çatal Hüyük. A Neolithic Town in Anatolia, Londra, 1967.
  • Morford 2011: Morford,M., Lenardon, R., Sham, M., Classical Mythology, Oxford, 2011.
  • Nillson 1927: Nillson, M.P., The Minoan-Mycenaean Religion and Its Survival in Greek Religion, Londra, 1927.
  • Suk Fong Jim 2014: Suk Fong Jim, T., Sharing with The Gods. Aparchai and Dekatoi in Ancient Greece, Oxford, 2014.
  • Rose 1958: Rose, H.J., “Divine Names in Classical Greece”, The Harvard Theological Review, Vol. 51, No. 1, 1958, 3-32.
  • Rose 2005: Rose, H.J., A Handbook of Greek Mythology, Londra ve New York, 2005.
  • Simon 1998: Simon, E., Die Götter der Griechen, Münih, 1998.
  • Vieyra 1955: Vieyra, M., Hittite Art. 2300-750 BC, Londra, 1955.
  • Willamowitz-Moellendorff 1931: Willamowitz-Moellendorff, U., Der Glaube Der Hellennen Band I, Berlin, 1931.
  • Younger 1976: Younger, J.G., “Bronze Age Representations of Aegean BullLeaping”, American Journal of Archaeology 80/2, 1976, 125-137.
  • Zimmer 2006: Zimmer, H., Hint Sanatı ve Uygarlığında Mitler ve Simgeler, Çev. G. Ç. Güven, İstanbul, 2006.
There are 52 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Özgür Turak

Publication Date April 1, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 12 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Turak, Ö. (2018). Boğa ve Trident: Poseidon’un Kökeni Üzerine Bir İnceleme. MASROP E-Dergi, 12(1), 35-48.
AMA Turak Ö. Boğa ve Trident: Poseidon’un Kökeni Üzerine Bir İnceleme. MASROP E-Dergi. April 2018;12(1):35-48.
Chicago Turak, Özgür. “Boğa Ve Trident: Poseidon’un Kökeni Üzerine Bir İnceleme”. MASROP E-Dergi 12, no. 1 (April 2018): 35-48.
EndNote Turak Ö (April 1, 2018) Boğa ve Trident: Poseidon’un Kökeni Üzerine Bir İnceleme. MASROP E-Dergi 12 1 35–48.
IEEE Ö. Turak, “Boğa ve Trident: Poseidon’un Kökeni Üzerine Bir İnceleme”, MASROP E-Dergi, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 35–48, 2018.
ISNAD Turak, Özgür. “Boğa Ve Trident: Poseidon’un Kökeni Üzerine Bir İnceleme”. MASROP E-Dergi 12/1 (April 2018), 35-48.
JAMA Turak Ö. Boğa ve Trident: Poseidon’un Kökeni Üzerine Bir İnceleme. MASROP E-Dergi. 2018;12:35–48.
MLA Turak, Özgür. “Boğa Ve Trident: Poseidon’un Kökeni Üzerine Bir İnceleme”. MASROP E-Dergi, vol. 12, no. 1, 2018, pp. 35-48.
Vancouver Turak Ö. Boğa ve Trident: Poseidon’un Kökeni Üzerine Bir İnceleme. MASROP E-Dergi. 2018;12(1):35-48.