Application of the MALTI-TOF MS Method for Identification of Vibrio spp. in Aquaculture

Abstract

Aquaculture is developing rapidly and plays an important role in providing animal protein to the world’s growing population. However, increasing mortality from bacterial disease outbreaks in important species poses a challenge to production progress in this sector. In order to reduce the impact of these diseases, rapid and accurate pathogen identification is essential for disease management, early detection and the continued health of aquaculture. The aim of this review is to summarise studies on the identification and diagnosis of Vibrio pathogens in aquatic organisms by MALTI-TOF MS (Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionisation Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry), a rapid identification method based on protein profiling of bacteria. The profiles of bacterial protein obtained are compared with a global microbial protein library for identification. This study demonstrates the potential of using MALDI-TOF MS for the detection of Vibrio pathogens in aquaculture in studies published between 2015 and 2024. While purchasing a time-of-flight mass spectrometer is expensive when compared to conventional and molecular identification methods. It also appears to be much more efficient in terms of time spent on identification. MALDI-TOF MS has been shown to be simple to use in fish identification laboratories.

Keywords

• MALDI-TOF MS
• Vibrio spp.
• Vibriosis

References

1. Altinok, I., Capkin, E., & Kayis, S. (2008). Development of multiplex PCR assay for simultaneous detection of five bacterial fish pathogens. Veterinary Microbiology, 131(3-4), 332-338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.04.014
2. Anwer, R., Darami, H., Almarri, F.K., Albogami, M.A., & Alahaydib, F. (2022). MALDI-TOF MS for rapid analysis of bacterial pathogens causing urinary tract infections in the Riyadh Region. Diseases, 10(4), 78. https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases10040078
3. Ashfaq, M. Y., Da’na, D. A., & Al-Ghouti, M. A. (2022). Application of MALDI-TOF MS for identification of environmental bacteria: A review. Journal of Environmental Management, 305, 114359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114359
4. Assis, G. B., Pereira, F. L., Zegarra, A. U., Tavares, G. C., Leal, C. A., & Figueiredo, H. C. (2017). Use of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for the fast identification of gram-positive fish pathogens. Frontier Microbiology, 8, 1492. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01492
5. Austin, B. (2019). Methods for the diagnosis of bacterial fish diseases. Marine Life Science & Technology, 1(1), 41-49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42995-019-00002-5
6. Bauer, J., Teitge, F., Neffe, L., Adamek, M., Jung, A., Peppler, C., Steinhagen, D., & Jung-Schroers, V. (2018). Recommendations for identifying pathogenic Vibrio spp. as part of disease surveillance programmes in recirculating aquaculture systems for Pacific white shrimps (Litopenaeus vannamei). Journal of Fish Diseases, 41(12), 1877-1897. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.12897
7. Böhme, K., Fernández-No, I. C., Barros-Velázquez, J., Gallardo, J. M., Cañas, B., & Calo-Mata, P. (2012). SpectraBank: An open access tool for rapid microbial identification by MALDI-TOF MS fingerprinting. Electrophoresis, 33(14), 2138-2142. https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.201200074
8. Boonstra, M., Fouz, B., van Gelderen, B., Dalsgaard, I., Madsen, L., Jansson, E., Amaro, C., & Haenen, O. (2023). Fast and accurate identification by MALDI-TOF of the zoonotic serovar E of Vibrio vulnificus linked to eel culture. Journal of Fish Diseases, 46(4), 445-452. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.13756

9. Brauge, T., Trigueros, S., Briet, A., Debuiche, S., Leleu, G., Gassilloud, B., Wilhelm, A., Py, J. S., & Midelet, G., (2021). MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry fingerprinting performance versus 16S rDNA sequencing to identify bacterial microflora from seafood products and sea water samples. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8, 650116. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.650116
10. Burbick, C. R., Nydam, S. D., Hendrix, G. K., Besser, T. E., Diaz, D., & Snekvik, K. (2018). Use of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry for the identification of pathogenic Vibrio in fish. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, 30(4), 332-338. https://doi.org/10.1002/aah.10044
11. Chun, S., Gopal, J., & Muthu, M. (2022). A consolidative synopsis of the MALDI-TOF MS accomplishments for the rapid diagnosis of microbial plant disease pathogens. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 156, 116713. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2022.116713
12. Dieckmann, R., Strauch, E., & Alter, T. (2010). Rapid identification and characterization of Vibrio species using whole-cell MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 109(1), 199-211. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04647.x
13. Duman, M., Altun, S., & Saticioğlu, İ. B. (2022). General assessment of approaches to the identification of aquatic bacterial pathogens: A methodological review. North American Journal of Aquaculture, 84(4), 405-426.
14. Erler, R., Wichels, A., Heinemeyer, E. A., Hauk, G., Hippelein, M., Reyes, N. T., & Gerdts, G. (2015). VibrioBase: A MALDI-TOF MS database for fast identification of Vibrio spp. that are potentially pathogenic in humans. Systematic and Applied Microbiology, 38(1), 16-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.syapm.2014.10.009
15. Haider, A., Ringer, M., Kotroczó, Z., Mohácsi-Farkas, C., & Kocsis, T. (2023). The importance of protein fingerprints in bacterial identification: The MALDI-TOF Technique. Journal of Environmental Geography, 16(1-4), 38-45.
16. Jansson, E., Haenen, O. L. M., Nonnemann, B., Madsen, L., van Gelderen, E., Aspán, A., Säker, E., Boonstra, M., Gulla, S., Colquhoun, D. J., Roozenburg-Hengst, I., & Dalsgaard, I. (2020). MALDI-TOF MS: a diagnostic tool for identification of bacterial fish pathogens. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, 40(6), 240-248.
17. Karas, M., Bachmann, D., & Hillenkamp, F. (1985). Influence of the wavelength in high-irradiance ultraviolet laser desorption mass spectrometry of organic molecules. Analytical Chemistry, 57, 2935-2939. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00291a042
18. Kazazić, S. P, Popović, N.T., Strunjak-Perović, I., F lorio, D., Fioravanti, M., Babić, S., & Čož-Rakovac, R. (2019a). Fish photobacteriosis-The importance of rapid and accurate identification of Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida. Journal of Fish Diseases, 42(8), 1201-1209. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.13022
19. Kazazić, S. P., Popović, N. T., Strunjak-Perović, I., Babić, S., Florio, D., Fioravanti, M., Bojanić, K., & Čož-Rakovac, R. (2019b). Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry identification of Vibrio (Listonella) anguillarum isolated from sea bass and sea bream. PloS One, 14(11), e0225343. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225343
20. Lauková, A., Kubašová, I., Kandričáková, A., Strompfová, V., Žitňan, R., & Simonová, M. P. (2018). Relation to enterocins of variable Aeromonas species isolated from trouts of Slovakian aquatic sources and detected by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Folia Microbiologica, 63(6), 749-755. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-018-0616-1
21. López-Cortés, X. A., Nachtigall, F. M., Olate, V. R., Araya, M., Oyanedel, S., Diaz, V., Jakob, E., Ríos-Momberg. M., & Santos. L.S. (2017). Fast detection of pathogens in salmon farming industry. Aquaculture, 470, 17-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2016.12.008
22. Low, C. F., Shamsudin, M. N., Chee, H. Y., Aliyu-Paiko, M., & Idrus, E. S. (2014). Putative apolipoprotein A-I, natural killer cell enhancement factor and lysozyme g are involved in the early immune response of brown-marbled grouper, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus, Forskal, to Vibrio alginolyticus. Journal of Fish Diseases, 37(8), 693-701. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.12153
23. Malainine, S. M., Moussaoui, W., Prévost, G., Scheftel, J. M., & Mimouni, R. (2013). Rapid identification of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from shellfish, sea water and sediments of the Khnifiss lagoon, Morocco, by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 56(5), 379-386. https://doi.org/10.1111/lam.12060
24. Moreira, M., Schrama, D., Farinha, A. P., Cerqueira, M., Raposo de Magalhaes, C., Carrilho, R., & Rodrigues, P. (2021). Fish pathology research and diagnosis in aquaculture of farmed fish; a proteomics perspective. Animals, 11(1),125. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11010125
25. Mougin, J., Flahaut, C., Roquigny, R., Bonnin-Jusserand, M., Grard, T., & Le Bris, C. (2020). Rapid identification of Vibrio species of the harveyi clade using MALDI-TOF MS profiling with main spectral profile database implemented with an in house database: Luvibase. Frontiers in Microbiology, 11, 586536. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.586536
26. Mougin, J., Roquigny, R., Flahaut, C., Bonnin-Jusserand, M., Grard, T., & Le Bris, C. (2021). Abundance and spatial patterns over time of Vibrionaceae and Vibrio harveyi in water and biofilm from aseabass aquaculture facility. Aquaculture, 542, 736862. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.736862
27. Nissa, M. U., Pinto, N., Parkar, H., Goswami, M., & Srivastava, S. (2021). Proteomics in fisheries and aquaculture: An approach for food security. Food Control, 127, 108125. https://doi.org.10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108125
28. Paillard, C., Gausson, S., Nicolas, J. L., Le Pennec, J. P., & Haras, D. (2006). Molecular identification of Vibrio tapetis, the causative agent of the brown ring disease of Ruditapes philippinarum. Aquaculture, 253(1), 25-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.03.047
29. Patel, R. (2015). MALDI-TOF MS for the diagnosis of infectious diseases. Clinical Chemistry, 61(1), 100-111. https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2014.221770
30. Piamsomboon, P., Jaresitthikunchai, J., Hung, T. Q., Roytrakul, S., & Wongtavatchai, J. (2020). Identification of bacterial pathogens in cultured fish with a custom peptide database constructed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). BMC Veterinary Research, 16(1), 52. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-020-2274-1
31. Popović, N. T., Kazazić, S. P., Strunjak-Perović, I., & Čož-Rakovac, R. (2017). Differentiation of environmental aquatic bacterial isolates by MALDI-TOF MS. Environmental Research, 152, 7-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2016.09.020
32. Puk, K., Banach, T., Wawrzyniak, A., Adaszek, Ł., Ziętek, J., Winiarczyk, S., & Guz, L. (2018). Detection of Mycobacterium marinum, M. peregrinum, M. fortuitum and M. abscessus in aquarium fish. Journal of Fish Diseases, 41(1), 153-156. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.12666
33. Rahmani, A., Vercauteren, M., Vranckx, K., Boyen, F., Bidault, A., Pichereau, V., Decostere, A., Paillard, C., Chiers, K. (2021). MALDI-TOF MS as a promising tool to assess potential virulence of Vibrio tapetis isolates. Aquaculture, 530, 735729. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735729
34. Ruiz-Zarzuela, I., de Bias, I., Gironés, O., Ghittino, C., & MúAzquiz, J. L. (2005). Isolation of Vagococcus salmoninarum in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), broodstocks: Characterization of the pathogen. Veterinary Research Communications, 29, 553-562. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-005-2493-8
35. Sandalakis, V., Goniotakis, I., Vranakis, I., Chochlakis, D., & Psaroulaki, A. (2017). Use of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry in the battle against bacterial infectious diseases: recent achievements and future perspectives. Expert Review of Proteomics, 14(3), 253-267. https://doi.org/10.1080/14789450.2017.1282825
36. Saticioglu, I. B., Onuk, E. E., Ay, H., Ajmi, N., Demirbas, E., & Altun, S. (2023). Phenotypic and molecular differentiation of Lactococcus garvieae and Lactococcus petauri isolated from trout. Aquaculture, 577, 739933. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2023.739933
37. Seng, P., Rolain, J. M., Fournier, P. E., La Scola, B., Drancourt, M., & Raoult, D. (2010). MALDI-TOF-mass spectrometry applications in clinical microbiology. Future Microbiology, 5(11), 1733-1754. https://doi.org/10.2217/fmb.10.127
38. Silva-Rubio, A., Avendaño-Herrera, R., Jaureguiberry, B., Toranzo, A. E., & Magariños, B. (2008). First description of serotype O3 in Vibrio anguillarum strains isolated from salmonids in Chile. Journal of Fish Diseases, 31(3), 235-239. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2007.00878.x
39. Singhal, N., Kumar, M., Kanaujia, P. K., & Virdi, J.S. (2015). MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry: An emerging technology for microbial identification and diagnosis. Frontiers in Microbiology, 6, 791. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00791
40. Tanaka K. (2003). The origin of macromolecule ionization by laser irradiation (Nobel lecture). Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English), 42(33), 3860-3870. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200300585
41. Tanrikul, T. T. (2007). Vibriosis as an epizootic disease of rainbow trout (Onchorynchus mykiss) in Turkey. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 10(10), 1733-1737. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2007.1733.1737
42. Timur, G., Karataş, S., Akayli, T., Ercan, M. D., & Yardimci, R. E. (2009). A histopathological study of Hexamitiasis in farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry in Turkey. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, 29(3), 104-108.
43. Woo, P. T., & Bruno, D. W. (2011). Fish diseases and disorders. Volume 3: Viral, bacterial and fungal infections. CABI Publishing.
44. Yavuzcan, H., Secer, F. S., Harmanşa Yilmaz, B., Tunar, M. A. (2022). Exemplifying ‘pathobiome’ concept through case study: Co-infection with Vibrio harveyi, Photobacterium damsela and Cryptocaryon irritans in Salema (Sarpa salpa). Journal of Istanbul Veterinary Sciences, 6(3), 110-115. https://doi.org/10.30704/http-www-jivs-net.1128614 Woo, P. T., & Bruno, D. W. (2011). Fish diseases and disorders. V.3. Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Infections.