Research Article
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Determination of Some Biological Characteristics and Population Parameters of the Blotched Picarel (Spicara flexuosa Rafinesque, 1810) Distributed in the Eastern Black Sea (Rize - Hopa)

Year 2021, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 142 - 153, 05.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.33714/masteb.814299

Abstract

This study was carried out in order to determine some biological characteristics of the fish species of Spicara flexuosa, which is distributed on the Eastern Black Sea coast, and to contribute to the management of the picarel in all the seas of our country. Between October 2015 and September 2016, 599 fish samples were obtained and examined in the laboratory. It was determined that the examined individuals were distributed between the ages of I-VII which 31.22% of the population was male and 68.78% was female. The minimum-maximum total length values of the samples were between 8.7 and 21.8 cm; and the weight values ranged from 7.1 to 129.94 g. It has been determined that the mean total length of males is statistically different from that of females (P<0.05). Von Bertalanffy growth equilibrium was calculated as "L=22.71 cm TL, K=0.243 year-1, t0=-2.306 year-1; W=118.27 g" for females, "L=38.34 cm TL, K=0.063 year-1, t0 = -6.381 year-1; W=755.37 g" for males, and "L=33.42 cm TL, K=0.080 year-1, t0=-5.381 year-1; W=401.24 g" for all individuals. The length-weight relation of all individuals was found as W= 0.0118*L2.9727 (R2=0.9487). When the ratio of gonadosomatic index (GSI) data and gonadal maturity stages were examined over the year, it was determined that the reproduction of the picarel in the Black Sea occurred between June and September.

Supporting Institution

Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University

Project Number

2015.53001.103.03.02

Thanks

Authors would thank to MSc. Erhan Ozturk and MSc. Orhan Kobya for their help in laboratories. This work was supported by Research Fund of Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Project Number: 2015.53001.103.03.02.

References

  • Avşar, D. (1998). Fishery biology and population dynamics. Baki Kitap ve Yayınevi. Adana Turkey. 303p.
  • Bat, L., Şahin, F., Satılmış, H. H., Üstün, F., Birinci Özdemir, Z., Kıdeys, A. E. & Shulman, G. E. (2007). The changed ecosystem of the Black Sea and its impact on anchovy fisheries. Journal of FisheriesSciences.com, 1(4): 191-227. https://doi.org/10.3153/jfscom.2007024
  • Bektas, Y., Aksu, I., Kalayci, G., Irmak, E., Engin, S. & Turan, D. (2018). Genetic differentiation of three Spicara (Pisces: Centracanthidae) species. S. maena. S. flexuosa and S. smaris: And intraspecific substructure of S. flexuosa in Turkish coastal waters. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 18(2): 301-311. https://doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v18_2_09
  • Beverton, R. J. H. & Holt, S. J. (1957). On the Dynamics of Exploited Fish Populations. Chapman and Hall, London. Facsimile reprint, 1993.
  • Bilecenoğlu, M., Kaya, M., Cihangir, B. & Çiçek, E. (2014). An updated checklist of the marine fishes of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 38: 901-929. https://doi.org/10.3906/zoo-1405-60
  • Campbell, A. (1985). Aplication of a yield and egg-per-recruit model to the lobster fishery in the Bay of Fundy. North American Journal of Fish Management, 91-104. https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659
  • Chiba, S. N., Iwatsuki, Y., Yoshino, T. & Hanzawa, N. (2009). Comprehensive phylogeny of the family Sparidae (Perciformes: Teleostei) inferred from mitochondrial gene analyses. Genes, Genetics and Systematics, 84: 153-170. https://doi.org/10.1266/ggs.84.153
  • Erkoyuncu, İ. (1995). Fishery biology and population dynamics. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Yayınları. Samsun Turkey. 265 p.
  • Fischer, W., Bauchet, M. L. & Schneider, M. (1987). FAO d’ identification des especes pour les besoins de la peche (Revision) Mediterrance et mer Noire. Zone de peche 37 vol II. FAO. Rome. 1529 p.
  • Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (2018). FishBase. World wide web electronic publication. www.fishbase.org. version (02/2018).
  • Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (2013). FishBase. World wide web electronic publication. http://www.fishbase.org (version 02/2013).
  • Gayanilo, F. C. J., Sparre, P. & Pauly, D. (2005). FAO-ICLARM Stock Assessment Tools II (FISAT II). Revised version. User’s guide. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries). No. 8. Revised version. Rome. FAO.168p.
  • Hammer, Ø., Harper, D. A. T. & Ryan, P. D. (2001). PAST: Paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontologia Electronica, 4(1): 9.
  • Hattour, A., Turki, B. & Zammouri, N. (1985). Quelques aspects de la biologie de l’espéce Spicara flexuosa (Rafinesque. 1810) des eaux Tunisiennes. Bulletin de l’Institut National Scientifique et Technique d’Océanographie et de Pêche de Salammbô, 12: 143-162.
  • Imsiridou, A., Minos, G., Gakopoulou, A., Katsares, V., Karidas, T. & Katselis, G. (2011). Discrimination of two picarel species Spicara flexuosa and Spicara maena (Pisces: Centracanthidae) based on mitochondrial DNA sequences. Journal of Fish Biology, 78: 373–377. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02858.x
  • Ismen, A. (1995). Growth, mortality and yield per recruit model of picarel (Spicara smaris L.) on the eastern Turkish Black Sea coast. Fisheries Research, 22: 299-308. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-7836(95)94955-P
  • İlkyaz, A. T., Metin, G. & Kınacıgil, H. T. (2007). Ege denizi izmarit türlerinin (Spicara smaris. S. flexuosa ve S. maena) morfolojik farklılıklarının tür belirlemede kullanımı. Proceedings of the XIV. National Fisheries Symposium, pp. 481.
  • İlkyaz. A. T., Metin. G., Soykan. O. & Kınacıgil. H. T. (2018). Spawning season. first maturity length and age of 21 fish species from the central aegean sea. turkey. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 18(1):211-216. https://doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v18_1_24
  • King, M. (1995). Fisheries biology. assessment and management. Fishing News Books. Blackwell Scientific Publications Ltd., Oxford. UK. 341 p.
  • Lipskaya, N. Y. & Salekhova, L. P. (1980). Studies in nutrition and morphophysiological indicators of the genus Spicara fishes. Ekologiya Morya, 2: 66-81.
  • Malkav, S. (2002). Investigation of the biological features of the picarel (Spicara flexuosa, Rafinesque. 1810) distributing in İzmir Bay. MSc Thesis. Ege University, İzmir, Turkey. 41 p.
  • Mater, S., Malkav, S. & Bayhan, B. (2001). Investigation of the biological features of the picarel (Spicara flexuosa. Rafinesque. 1810) distributing in Izmir Bay. Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences, 8(1-2): 25-32.
  • Matic-Skoko, S., Kraljevic, M. & Dulcic, J. (2004). Fecundity of blotched picarel. Spicara maena L. (Teleostei: Centracanthidae) in the eastern central Adriatic Sea. Acta Adriatica, 45(2): 155-162.
  • Minos, G., Imsiridou, A. & Katselis, G. (2013). Use of morphological differences for the identification of two picarel species Spicara flexuosa and Spicara maena (Pisces: Centracanthidae). Mediterranean Marine Science, 14: 26-31. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.423
  • Mitilineou, C. (1987). Contribution to the study of the biology of Spicara flexuosa. Raf. 1810 in the Patraikos Gulf. MSc. Thesis. University of Athens, Athens, Greece. 152p.
  • Mytilineou, C. & Papaconstantinou, C. (1991). Age and growth of Spicara flexuosa (Rafinesque. 1810) (Pisces. Centracanthidae) in the Patraikos Gulf (Greece). Scientia Marina, 55(3): 483-490.
  • Özvarol, Y. (2014). Length–weight relationships of 14 fish species from the Gulf of Antalya (northeastern Mediterranean Sea. Turkey). Turkish Journal of Zoology, 38: 342-346. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/zoo-1308-44
  • Pauly. D. & Munro. J. L. (1984). Once more on the comparison of growth in fish and invertebrates. Fishbyte. The World Fish Center. 2(1): 1-21.
  • Pauly, D. (1980). On the interrelationships between natural mortality, growth parameters, and mean environmental temperature in 175 fish stocks. Journal du Conseil / Conseil Permanent International pour l’Exploration de la Mer., 39: 175-192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/39.2.175.
  • Pauly, D. (1983). Some simple methods for the assessment of tropical fish stocks. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. (234):52 p.
  • Ragonese, S., Fiorentino, F., Garofalo, G., Gristina, M., Levi, D., Gancitano, S., Giusto, G. B., Rizzo, P. & Sinacori, G. (2004). Distribution, abundance and biological features of picarel (Spicara flexuosa), Mediterranean (Trachurus mediterraneus) and Atlantic (T. trachurus) horse mackerel based on experimental bottom-trawl data (MEDITS. 1994-2002) in the Strait of Sicily. p. 100-114. In: Report of the MedSudMed expert consultation on small pelagic fishes: stock identification and oceanographic processes influencing their abundance and distribution. MedSudMed (Eds). GCP/RER/010/ ITA/MSM-TD-05. MedSudMed Technical Documents, 5: 100-114.
  • Ricker, W. E. (1975). Computation and interpretation of Biological statistics of fish populations. Bulletin Fishery Research Board Canada, 191: 382 pp.
  • Ricker, W. E. (1973). Linear regression in fisheries research. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 30: 409-434.
  • Rizkalla, S. I. (1996). A comparative study on the morphometric characters of fishes belonging to family: Centracanthidae in the Egyptian Mediterranean waters. Journal of King Abdul Aziz University Marine Sciences, 7(1): 255-261.
  • Sever, T. M. (2019). Diet composition of the blotched picarel Spicara flexuosa Rafinesque. 1810 (Actinopterygii: Sparidae) from the Aegean Sea. Turkey. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica, 71(4): 581-588.
  • Slastenenko, E. (1956). The fishes of Black Sea. Karadeniz Havzası Balıkları, Et ve Balık Kurumu Müdürlüğü Yayınları. 711 p.
  • Soykan, O., İlkyaz, A. T., Metin, G. & Kınacıgil, H. T. (2010). Growth and reproduction of blotched picarel (Spicara maena Linneaus. 1758) in the central Aegean Sea. Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 34: 453–459.
  • Şahin, T. & Genç, Y. (1999). Türkiye’nin doğu Karadeniz kıyılarındaki izmarit balığı (Spicara smaris. Linnaeus. 1758)’nın bazı biyolojik özellikleri. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 23(1): 149-155.
  • Tortonese, E. (1986). Centracanthidae (pp. 908-911). In: Whitehead, P. J. P., Bauchot, M.-L., Hureau, J.-C., Nielsen, J. & Tortonese, E. (Eds.), Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. Paris. France: UNESCO.
  • Turan, C. (2011). The systematic status of the Mediterranean Spicara species (Centracanthidae) inferred from mitochondrial 16s rDNA sequence and morphological data. Journal of Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment, 17(1): 14-31.
  • Vasiliev, V. P. (1980). The selective mortality of different chromosome morphs in Spicara flexuosa Raf. Genetica. 52(53): 327-331.
  • Vasilieva, E. D. & Salekhova, L. P. (1983). The precision of diagnoses of the Spicara (Perciformes. Centracanthidae) species. Based on osteological features. Zoological Journal, 62(7): 1044-1056.
  • Zar, J. H. (1996). Biostatistical analysis. 3rd ed. London. Prentice-Hall.
Year 2021, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 142 - 153, 05.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.33714/masteb.814299

Abstract

Project Number

2015.53001.103.03.02

References

  • Avşar, D. (1998). Fishery biology and population dynamics. Baki Kitap ve Yayınevi. Adana Turkey. 303p.
  • Bat, L., Şahin, F., Satılmış, H. H., Üstün, F., Birinci Özdemir, Z., Kıdeys, A. E. & Shulman, G. E. (2007). The changed ecosystem of the Black Sea and its impact on anchovy fisheries. Journal of FisheriesSciences.com, 1(4): 191-227. https://doi.org/10.3153/jfscom.2007024
  • Bektas, Y., Aksu, I., Kalayci, G., Irmak, E., Engin, S. & Turan, D. (2018). Genetic differentiation of three Spicara (Pisces: Centracanthidae) species. S. maena. S. flexuosa and S. smaris: And intraspecific substructure of S. flexuosa in Turkish coastal waters. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 18(2): 301-311. https://doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v18_2_09
  • Beverton, R. J. H. & Holt, S. J. (1957). On the Dynamics of Exploited Fish Populations. Chapman and Hall, London. Facsimile reprint, 1993.
  • Bilecenoğlu, M., Kaya, M., Cihangir, B. & Çiçek, E. (2014). An updated checklist of the marine fishes of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 38: 901-929. https://doi.org/10.3906/zoo-1405-60
  • Campbell, A. (1985). Aplication of a yield and egg-per-recruit model to the lobster fishery in the Bay of Fundy. North American Journal of Fish Management, 91-104. https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659
  • Chiba, S. N., Iwatsuki, Y., Yoshino, T. & Hanzawa, N. (2009). Comprehensive phylogeny of the family Sparidae (Perciformes: Teleostei) inferred from mitochondrial gene analyses. Genes, Genetics and Systematics, 84: 153-170. https://doi.org/10.1266/ggs.84.153
  • Erkoyuncu, İ. (1995). Fishery biology and population dynamics. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Yayınları. Samsun Turkey. 265 p.
  • Fischer, W., Bauchet, M. L. & Schneider, M. (1987). FAO d’ identification des especes pour les besoins de la peche (Revision) Mediterrance et mer Noire. Zone de peche 37 vol II. FAO. Rome. 1529 p.
  • Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (2018). FishBase. World wide web electronic publication. www.fishbase.org. version (02/2018).
  • Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (2013). FishBase. World wide web electronic publication. http://www.fishbase.org (version 02/2013).
  • Gayanilo, F. C. J., Sparre, P. & Pauly, D. (2005). FAO-ICLARM Stock Assessment Tools II (FISAT II). Revised version. User’s guide. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries). No. 8. Revised version. Rome. FAO.168p.
  • Hammer, Ø., Harper, D. A. T. & Ryan, P. D. (2001). PAST: Paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontologia Electronica, 4(1): 9.
  • Hattour, A., Turki, B. & Zammouri, N. (1985). Quelques aspects de la biologie de l’espéce Spicara flexuosa (Rafinesque. 1810) des eaux Tunisiennes. Bulletin de l’Institut National Scientifique et Technique d’Océanographie et de Pêche de Salammbô, 12: 143-162.
  • Imsiridou, A., Minos, G., Gakopoulou, A., Katsares, V., Karidas, T. & Katselis, G. (2011). Discrimination of two picarel species Spicara flexuosa and Spicara maena (Pisces: Centracanthidae) based on mitochondrial DNA sequences. Journal of Fish Biology, 78: 373–377. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02858.x
  • Ismen, A. (1995). Growth, mortality and yield per recruit model of picarel (Spicara smaris L.) on the eastern Turkish Black Sea coast. Fisheries Research, 22: 299-308. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-7836(95)94955-P
  • İlkyaz, A. T., Metin, G. & Kınacıgil, H. T. (2007). Ege denizi izmarit türlerinin (Spicara smaris. S. flexuosa ve S. maena) morfolojik farklılıklarının tür belirlemede kullanımı. Proceedings of the XIV. National Fisheries Symposium, pp. 481.
  • İlkyaz. A. T., Metin. G., Soykan. O. & Kınacıgil. H. T. (2018). Spawning season. first maturity length and age of 21 fish species from the central aegean sea. turkey. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 18(1):211-216. https://doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v18_1_24
  • King, M. (1995). Fisheries biology. assessment and management. Fishing News Books. Blackwell Scientific Publications Ltd., Oxford. UK. 341 p.
  • Lipskaya, N. Y. & Salekhova, L. P. (1980). Studies in nutrition and morphophysiological indicators of the genus Spicara fishes. Ekologiya Morya, 2: 66-81.
  • Malkav, S. (2002). Investigation of the biological features of the picarel (Spicara flexuosa, Rafinesque. 1810) distributing in İzmir Bay. MSc Thesis. Ege University, İzmir, Turkey. 41 p.
  • Mater, S., Malkav, S. & Bayhan, B. (2001). Investigation of the biological features of the picarel (Spicara flexuosa. Rafinesque. 1810) distributing in Izmir Bay. Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences, 8(1-2): 25-32.
  • Matic-Skoko, S., Kraljevic, M. & Dulcic, J. (2004). Fecundity of blotched picarel. Spicara maena L. (Teleostei: Centracanthidae) in the eastern central Adriatic Sea. Acta Adriatica, 45(2): 155-162.
  • Minos, G., Imsiridou, A. & Katselis, G. (2013). Use of morphological differences for the identification of two picarel species Spicara flexuosa and Spicara maena (Pisces: Centracanthidae). Mediterranean Marine Science, 14: 26-31. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.423
  • Mitilineou, C. (1987). Contribution to the study of the biology of Spicara flexuosa. Raf. 1810 in the Patraikos Gulf. MSc. Thesis. University of Athens, Athens, Greece. 152p.
  • Mytilineou, C. & Papaconstantinou, C. (1991). Age and growth of Spicara flexuosa (Rafinesque. 1810) (Pisces. Centracanthidae) in the Patraikos Gulf (Greece). Scientia Marina, 55(3): 483-490.
  • Özvarol, Y. (2014). Length–weight relationships of 14 fish species from the Gulf of Antalya (northeastern Mediterranean Sea. Turkey). Turkish Journal of Zoology, 38: 342-346. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/zoo-1308-44
  • Pauly. D. & Munro. J. L. (1984). Once more on the comparison of growth in fish and invertebrates. Fishbyte. The World Fish Center. 2(1): 1-21.
  • Pauly, D. (1980). On the interrelationships between natural mortality, growth parameters, and mean environmental temperature in 175 fish stocks. Journal du Conseil / Conseil Permanent International pour l’Exploration de la Mer., 39: 175-192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/39.2.175.
  • Pauly, D. (1983). Some simple methods for the assessment of tropical fish stocks. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. (234):52 p.
  • Ragonese, S., Fiorentino, F., Garofalo, G., Gristina, M., Levi, D., Gancitano, S., Giusto, G. B., Rizzo, P. & Sinacori, G. (2004). Distribution, abundance and biological features of picarel (Spicara flexuosa), Mediterranean (Trachurus mediterraneus) and Atlantic (T. trachurus) horse mackerel based on experimental bottom-trawl data (MEDITS. 1994-2002) in the Strait of Sicily. p. 100-114. In: Report of the MedSudMed expert consultation on small pelagic fishes: stock identification and oceanographic processes influencing their abundance and distribution. MedSudMed (Eds). GCP/RER/010/ ITA/MSM-TD-05. MedSudMed Technical Documents, 5: 100-114.
  • Ricker, W. E. (1975). Computation and interpretation of Biological statistics of fish populations. Bulletin Fishery Research Board Canada, 191: 382 pp.
  • Ricker, W. E. (1973). Linear regression in fisheries research. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 30: 409-434.
  • Rizkalla, S. I. (1996). A comparative study on the morphometric characters of fishes belonging to family: Centracanthidae in the Egyptian Mediterranean waters. Journal of King Abdul Aziz University Marine Sciences, 7(1): 255-261.
  • Sever, T. M. (2019). Diet composition of the blotched picarel Spicara flexuosa Rafinesque. 1810 (Actinopterygii: Sparidae) from the Aegean Sea. Turkey. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica, 71(4): 581-588.
  • Slastenenko, E. (1956). The fishes of Black Sea. Karadeniz Havzası Balıkları, Et ve Balık Kurumu Müdürlüğü Yayınları. 711 p.
  • Soykan, O., İlkyaz, A. T., Metin, G. & Kınacıgil, H. T. (2010). Growth and reproduction of blotched picarel (Spicara maena Linneaus. 1758) in the central Aegean Sea. Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 34: 453–459.
  • Şahin, T. & Genç, Y. (1999). Türkiye’nin doğu Karadeniz kıyılarındaki izmarit balığı (Spicara smaris. Linnaeus. 1758)’nın bazı biyolojik özellikleri. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 23(1): 149-155.
  • Tortonese, E. (1986). Centracanthidae (pp. 908-911). In: Whitehead, P. J. P., Bauchot, M.-L., Hureau, J.-C., Nielsen, J. & Tortonese, E. (Eds.), Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. Paris. France: UNESCO.
  • Turan, C. (2011). The systematic status of the Mediterranean Spicara species (Centracanthidae) inferred from mitochondrial 16s rDNA sequence and morphological data. Journal of Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment, 17(1): 14-31.
  • Vasiliev, V. P. (1980). The selective mortality of different chromosome morphs in Spicara flexuosa Raf. Genetica. 52(53): 327-331.
  • Vasilieva, E. D. & Salekhova, L. P. (1983). The precision of diagnoses of the Spicara (Perciformes. Centracanthidae) species. Based on osteological features. Zoological Journal, 62(7): 1044-1056.
  • Zar, J. H. (1996). Biostatistical analysis. 3rd ed. London. Prentice-Hall.
There are 43 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Fisheries Management
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Göktuğ Dalgıç 0000-0001-8619-6160

İbrahim Oğuz Ergün 0000-0002-3646-8647

Hatice Onay 0000-0003-3463-7360

Yusuf Ceylan 0000-0002-7513-4957

Project Number 2015.53001.103.03.02
Publication Date June 5, 2021
Submission Date October 22, 2020
Acceptance Date December 29, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 10 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Dalgıç, G., Ergün, İ. O., Onay, H., Ceylan, Y. (2021). Determination of Some Biological Characteristics and Population Parameters of the Blotched Picarel (Spicara flexuosa Rafinesque, 1810) Distributed in the Eastern Black Sea (Rize - Hopa). Marine Science and Technology Bulletin, 10(2), 142-153. https://doi.org/10.33714/masteb.814299
AMA Dalgıç G, Ergün İO, Onay H, Ceylan Y. Determination of Some Biological Characteristics and Population Parameters of the Blotched Picarel (Spicara flexuosa Rafinesque, 1810) Distributed in the Eastern Black Sea (Rize - Hopa). Mar. Sci. Tech. Bull. June 2021;10(2):142-153. doi:10.33714/masteb.814299
Chicago Dalgıç, Göktuğ, İbrahim Oğuz Ergün, Hatice Onay, and Yusuf Ceylan. “Determination of Some Biological Characteristics and Population Parameters of the Blotched Picarel (Spicara Flexuosa Rafinesque, 1810) Distributed in the Eastern Black Sea (Rize - Hopa)”. Marine Science and Technology Bulletin 10, no. 2 (June 2021): 142-53. https://doi.org/10.33714/masteb.814299.
EndNote Dalgıç G, Ergün İO, Onay H, Ceylan Y (June 1, 2021) Determination of Some Biological Characteristics and Population Parameters of the Blotched Picarel (Spicara flexuosa Rafinesque, 1810) Distributed in the Eastern Black Sea (Rize - Hopa). Marine Science and Technology Bulletin 10 2 142–153.
IEEE G. Dalgıç, İ. O. Ergün, H. Onay, and Y. Ceylan, “Determination of Some Biological Characteristics and Population Parameters of the Blotched Picarel (Spicara flexuosa Rafinesque, 1810) Distributed in the Eastern Black Sea (Rize - Hopa)”, Mar. Sci. Tech. Bull., vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 142–153, 2021, doi: 10.33714/masteb.814299.
ISNAD Dalgıç, Göktuğ et al. “Determination of Some Biological Characteristics and Population Parameters of the Blotched Picarel (Spicara Flexuosa Rafinesque, 1810) Distributed in the Eastern Black Sea (Rize - Hopa)”. Marine Science and Technology Bulletin 10/2 (June 2021), 142-153. https://doi.org/10.33714/masteb.814299.
JAMA Dalgıç G, Ergün İO, Onay H, Ceylan Y. Determination of Some Biological Characteristics and Population Parameters of the Blotched Picarel (Spicara flexuosa Rafinesque, 1810) Distributed in the Eastern Black Sea (Rize - Hopa). Mar. Sci. Tech. Bull. 2021;10:142–153.
MLA Dalgıç, Göktuğ et al. “Determination of Some Biological Characteristics and Population Parameters of the Blotched Picarel (Spicara Flexuosa Rafinesque, 1810) Distributed in the Eastern Black Sea (Rize - Hopa)”. Marine Science and Technology Bulletin, vol. 10, no. 2, 2021, pp. 142-53, doi:10.33714/masteb.814299.
Vancouver Dalgıç G, Ergün İO, Onay H, Ceylan Y. Determination of Some Biological Characteristics and Population Parameters of the Blotched Picarel (Spicara flexuosa Rafinesque, 1810) Distributed in the Eastern Black Sea (Rize - Hopa). Mar. Sci. Tech. Bull. 2021;10(2):142-53.

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