Development of a Water Quality Index for Lake Aygır in Bitlis, Turkey

Year 2022, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 187 - 193, 24.06.2022

Asude Çavuş Fazıl Şen

https://doi.org/10.33714/masteb.1060608

Cited By: 2

Abstract

Water quality indices help to develop correct policies using water quality data. In this study, a useful and reliable method was determined for water quality management of Lake Aygır. For this, monthly water quality measurements were made from Lake Aygır between May 2015 and May 2016. Expert opinions and literature were used in the selection of parameters. Temperature, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, pH, ammonia, alkalinity, hardness, fluorine, and arsenic parameters were selected for the calculation of the water quality index of Lake Aygır for drinking (AG-WQI_drinking), as it is more effective on human health. Temperature, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, pH, ammonia, alkalinity, hardness, and turbidity were selected for the calculation of the water quality index of Lake Aygır for fisheries (AG-WQI_fisheries) as they are the parameters to which fish is most affected. Water quality indices of Lake Aygır were found AG-WQI_drinking as 149.41 and AG-WQI_fisheries as 76.11. The most effective parameters were hardness and alkalinity in the AG-WQI_drinking calculations; and ammonia and dissolved oxygen in the AG-WQI_fisheries calculations. Hence, it expresses numerically the suitability of Lake Aygır in terms of drinking and fishing.

Keywords

Water quality management, Spatial analysis, Aggregation function, Lake Van Basin

Supporting Institution

Van YYÜ Scientific Research Projects Directorate

Project Number

2015-FBE-D185

Thanks

This study was produced from the data of doctoral thesis of the first author supervised by the second author. The thesis was supported by YYÜ Scientific Research Projects Directorate with the project number 2015-FBE-D185.

References

• Alver, A. (2019). Evaluation of conventional drinking water treatment plant efficiency according to water quality index and health risk assessment. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(26), 27225-27238.
• APRAR. (2006). Application principles regarding the aquaculture regulation (2006/1). Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Ankara, Turkey.
• Brown, R. M., McClelland, N. I., Deininger, R. A., & O’Connor, M. F. (1972). A water quality index—crashing the psychological barrier (pp. 173-182). In W. A. Thomas (Ed.), Indicators of environmental quality. Springer.
• Brown, R. M., McClelland, N. I., Deininger, R. A., & Tozer, R. G. (1970). A water quality index: Do we dare? Water Sewage Works, 117(10), 339–343.
• Bulum, Ö. B. (2015). A study on water quality criteria of Bendimahi Stream in Van, Turkey [MSc. Thesis. Van Yüzüncü Yıl University].
• Çavuş, A., & Şen, F. (2020). Application of CCME WQI to assess surface water quality under Turkish national legislations: Lake Aygır. Avrupa Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, (19), 836-842.
• Çavuş, A., & Şen, F. (2023). Chemical and microbiological properties of Lake Aygır in Turkey and usage of drinking, fisheries, and irrigation. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 83, e244494. https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.244494
• Çavuş, A. (2018). An investigation on water quality and management of Aygır Lake, Van [Ph.D. Thesis. Van Yüzüncü Yıl University].
• Cosgrove, W. J., & Rijsberman, F. R. (Eds.). (2000). World water vision: Making water everybody’s business. Routledge.
• Doğu, A. F., & Deniz, O. (2015). Morphologic features and tourism facilities of Aygır Lake. The Journal of International Social Research, 8(41), 692-702.
• Elp, M., Șen, F., & Atıcı, A. A. (2014). The distribution area of tarek (Alburnus tarichi (Guldenstaedtii, 1814)) in the Van Lake Basin, Turkey. Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 24(3), 228-232. https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.236277
• Emre, Y., & Kürüm, V. (2007). Havuz ve kafeslerde alabalık yetiştiriciliği. Ofset Hazırlık Basım Evi.
• Gray, N. F. (1994). Drinking water quality: Problems and solutions. John Wiley Sons.
• Greenberg, A. E., Clesceri, L. S., & Eaton, A. D. (1992). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, APHA, AWWA, WEF. American Public Health Association.
• Güllü, K., & Güzel, Ş. (2006). Cage farming feasibility and growth performance of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, in the Dam Lake of Adilcevaz-Bitlis Hydroelectric Power Plant. Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 16(2), 81-85.
• HACH. (2005). DR 5000 Spectrometer Procedures Manuel. Retrieved on March 09, 2018, from https://ca.hach.com/dr-5000-uv-vis-spectrophotometer/product-downloads?id=14534087101
• Hill, S. J., Brown, A., Rivas, C., Sparkes, S., & Ebdon, L. (1995). 16. High performance liquid chromatography—Isotope dilution-inductively coupled plasma—mass spectrometry for lead and tin speciation in environmental samples. In Techniques and Instrumentation in Analytical Chemistry (pp. 411-434). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-9244(06)80017-X
• Horton, R. K. (1965). An index number system for rating water quality. Journal of Water Pollution Control Federation, 37(3), 300-306.
• Imneisi, I. B., & Aydin, M. (2016). Water quality index (WQI) for main source of drinking water (Karaçomak Dam) in Kastamonu City, Turkey. Journal of Environmental Analytical Toxicology, 6(407), 2161-0525. https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0525.1000407
• Karakaya, N., & Evrendilek, F. (2010). Water quality time series for Big Melen Stream (Turkey): Its decomposition analysis and comparison to upstream. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 165(1), 125-136. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-009-0932-7
• Karmakar, S., & Musthafa, O. M. (2013). Lakes and reservoirs: Pollution. In S. A. Jorgensen (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Environmental Management (pp. 1576-1587). Taylor & Francis.
• Kmiecik, E., Tomaszewska, B., Wątor, K., & Bodzek, M. (2016). Selected problems with boron determination in water treatment processes. Part I: Comparison of the reference methods for ICP-MS and ICP-OES determinations. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23(12), 11658-11667. https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11356-016-6328-7
• Kumar, A., & Dua, A. (2009). Water quality index for assessment of water quality of river Ravi at Madhopur (India). Global Journal of Environmental Sciences, 8(1), 49-57. https://doi.org/10.4314/gjes.v8i1.50824
• Li, R., Zou, Z., & An, Y. (2016). Water quality assessment in Qu River based on fuzzy water pollution index method. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 50, 87-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2016.03.030
• McClelland, N. I. (1974). Water quality index application in the Kansas River Basin. (Vol. 74, No. 1). US Environmental Protection Agency-Region VII.
• Morales-Rubio, A., & De la Guardia, M. (1999). Applications in environmental analysis. Analytical Spectroscopy Library, 9, 309-341.
• Ou, H. S., Wei, C. H., Deng, Y., Gao, N. Y., Ren, Y., & Hu, Y. (2014). Principal component analysis to assess the efficiency and mechanism for enhanced coagulation of natural algae-laden water using a novel dual coagulant system. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 21(3), 2122-2131. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-2077-z
• Poonam, T., Tanushree, B., & Sukalyan, C. (2013). Water quality indices—important tools for water quality assessment: A review. International Journal of Advances in Chemistry, 1(1), 15-28. https://doi.org/10.5121/ijac.2015.1102
• PWTC. (2014). Regulation on the Protection and Improvement of the Waters inhabited by Trout and Carp Fish. Official newspaper date: 12.01.2014, number: 28880. Ministry of Forestry and Water Management, and Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock. Ankara, Turkey.
• Ravikumar, P., Mehmood, M. A., & Somashekar, R. K. (2013). Water quality index to determine the surface water quality of Sankey Tank and Mallathahalli Lake, Bangalore Urban District, Karnataka, India. Applied Water Science, 3(1), 247-261. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-013-0077-2
• Scheffer, M., & van Nes, E. H. (2007). Shallow lakes theory revisited: various alternative regimes driven by climate, nutrients, depth and lake size. Hydrobiologia, 584, 455-466. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750- 007-0616-7
• Şener, Ş., Şener, E., & Davraz, A. (2017). Evaluation of water quality using water quality index (WQI) method and GIS in Aksu River (SW-Turkey). Science of the Total Environment, 584-585, 131-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.102
• Tebbutt, T. H. Y. (1998). Principles of water quality control (Fifth Edition). Elsevier.
• Tekbaş, F., & Oğur, R. (2005). Temel su analiz teknikleri. In GATA Halk Sağlığı (pp. 19-27). AD Yayınları.
• Thompson, M., & Wood, S. (1982). Atomic absorption spectrometry. In E. J. Cantle (Ed.), Water and effluents (pp. 67-94). Elsevier.
• TSE. (2005). TS 266, Water-Water for Human Consumption. Turkish Standardization Institute, Industry and Trade Ministry. Ankara, Turkey.
• TSE. (2014). TS EN ISO 9308-1, Water quality- Detection and enumeration of Escherichia coli and coliform bacteria Part-1 Membran filtration method. Turkish Standardization Institute, Ankara, Turkey.
• WHC. (2005). Regulation on Water for Human Consumption. Official Gazette number: 25730. Ministry of Health. Ankara, Turkey.
• WPC. (2004). Water Pollution Control Regulation. Official Gazette Date: 31.12.2004, number: 25687. Ministry of Environment and Forest, Ankara, Turkey.