The Effect of Nanofluids Used in the MQL Technique Applied in Turning Process on Machining Performance: A Review on Eco-Friendly Machining

Abstract

The cooling/lubrication methods applied in the turning operation significantly affect the machining performance. The control of the amount of cutting fluid used in the cooling/lubrication method is important both in terms of the total production cost and in terms of its effects on the environment. It is known that the Minimum Amount of Lubrication (MMY) technique applied for this purpose significantly reduces the amount of cutting fluid used while maintaining the machining performance. In recent years, nanoparticles have been added to these cutting fluids in order to increase the cooling/lubricating effect of the cutting fluids used in the MMY method. The extent to which the nanofluids obtained in this way improve the cutting performance is a subject that researchers focus on. In this study, studies on the effect of the use of nanoparticle reinforced cutting fluid (nanofluid) on the machining performance in the MMY cooling/lubrication method applied to the turning process were examined. In the study, studies on these materials, which are difficult to process, such as steel alloys, titanium alloys and nickel alloys as workpiece materials, were evaluated under separate headings. In these studies, machining performances were investigated under different cooling conditions, including dry machining, wet machining (conventional cooling), pure MMY and nanoparticle added MMY. In addition, it has been observed that more than one parameter, including different kinds of materials, different ratios by weight or volume, or different sizes, related to the addition of nanoparticles. In the results obtained from all these studies, it has been revealed that nanofluid application in the MMY method provides a significant improvement in machining performance compared to pure MMY and dry machining.

Keywords

• Eco-friendly machining
• MQL
• Nanofluid
• Turning
• Coolant

Tornalama İşleminde Uygulanan MMY Tekniğinde Kullanılan Nanoakışkanların İşleme Performansına Etkisi: Çevre Dostu İşleme Üzerine Bir İnceleme

Abstract

Tornalama operasyonunda uygulanan soğutma/yağlama yöntemleri işleme performansını önemli ölçüde etkilemektedir. Soğutma/yağlama yönteminde kullanılan kesme sıvısı miktarının kontrolü ise, hem toplam üretim maliyeti açısından hem de çevreye olan etkileri açısından önem arz etmektedir. Bu amaçla uygulanan Minimum Miktarda Yağlama (MMY) tekniği, kullanılan kesme sıvısı miktarını ciddi oranda azaltırken işleme performansını da koruduğu bilinmektedir. MMY yönteminde kullanılan kesme sıvılarının soğutma/yağlama etkisini artırmak amacıyla son yıllarda bu kesme sıvılarına nanoparçacık takviye edilmektedir. Bu şekilde elde edilen nanoakışkanların kesme performansını ne ölçüde iyileştirdiği araştırmacıların üzerinde yoğunlaştığı bir konudur. Bu çalışmada tornalama işlemine uygulanan MMY soğutma/yağlama yönteminde nanoparçacık takviyeli kesme sıvısı (nanoakışkan) kullanımının işleme performansına etkisi ile ilgili çalışmalar incelenmiştir. Yapılan incelemede iş parçası malzemesi olarak çelik alaşımları, titanyum alaşımları ve nikel alaşımları olmak üzere, işlenmesinde zorluk yaşanan bu malzemelerle ilgili yapılan çalışmalar ayrı başlıklarda değerlendirilmiştir. Bu çalışmalarda kuru işleme, ıslak işleme (geleneksel soğutma), sade MMY ve nanoparçacık katkılı MMY olmak üzere farklı soğutma şartlarında işleme performansları incelendiği görülmüştür. Ayrıca, nanoparçacık ilavesi ile ilgili farklı çeşit malzemeler, ağırlıkça yada hacimce farklı oranlar veya farklı boyutlar olmak üzere birden çok parametrenin irdelendiği gözlenmiştir. Yapılan tüm bu çalışmalardan elde edilen sonuçlarda, MMY yönteminde nanoakışkan uygulamasının sade MMY ve kuru işlemeye göre işleme performansında belirgin bir iyileşme sağlandığı ortaya konmuştur.

Keywords

• Çevre dostu işleme
• MMY
• Nanoakışkan
• Tornalama
• Kesme sıvısı

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