Investigation of the Performance of Ecological Cooling/Lubrication Methods in the Milling of AISI 316L Stainless Steel

Year 2021, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 75 - 84, 30.04.2021

Emine Şirin , Şenol Şirin

Abstract

Ecological and eco-friendly cooling/lubrication methods have an important place in the sustainable manufacturing process. The hazards of the conventional cooling can be minimized, and it can be contributed the manufacturing performance, thanks to these ecological systems. In this study, the machinability of AISI 316L stainless steel under ecological cooling/lubrication methods was investigated. The face milling operation was applied to AISI 316L stainless steel for machinability examination under three different cooling cooling/lubricating conditions (minimum quantity lubrication-MQL, LN2 and MQL+LN2), three different cutting speeds (120, 150 and 180 m/min), constant feed rate (0.1 mm/rev) and a constant cutting depth (0.5 mm). The average surface roughness (Ra-µm), maximum cutting temperature (T-°C), and tool wear (VBmax-mm) were selected as machinability performance criteria. At the end of experiments, the lowest value of the maximum cutting temperature (101.1 °C) was obtained at 120 m/min cutting speed under LN2 cutting condition. The lowest value of surface roughness (0.237 µm) was obtained at 150 m/min cutting speed under MQL+LN2 cutting condition. When the experimental results were evaluated in general, it was understood that the MQL+LN2 hybrid cutting condition provided significant improvements in all cutting parameters compared to other cutting conditions.

Keywords

AISI 3016L, Milling, MQL, Cryogenic Cooling, Ecological cooling/lubrication

References

• F.T. Cheng, K.H. Lo, H.C. Man, A preliminary study of laser cladding of AISI 316 stainless steel using preplaced NiTi wire, Materials Science and Engineering: A, 380(1-2): 20-29, 2004.
• A.E. Reiter, B. Brunner, M. Ante, J. Rechberger, Investigation of several PVD coatings for blind hole tapping in austenitic stainless steel, Surface and Coatings Technology, 200(18-19): 5532-5541, 2006.
• A. Yücel, Ç.V. Yıldırım, AA2024 alaşımının tornalanmasında nanoakışkan konsantrasyon oranı ve MQL parametrelerinin yüzey pürüzlülüğü ve kesme sıcaklığı üzerindeki etkisi, İmalat Teknolojileri ve Uygulamaları, 1(3): 18-32, 2020.
• A. Çakır Şencan, A. Duran, U. Şeker, The effect of different cooling methods to hole quality and tool life in the drilling of AA7075 and AA2024 aluminum alloys, İmalat Teknolojileri ve Uygulamaları, 1(2): 1-13, 2020.
• Ç.V. Yıldırım, Ş. Şirin, T. Kıvak, Waspaloy süper alaşımının frezelenmesinde nanopartikül katkılı yağlamanın takım aşınması üzerindeki etkisinin araştırılması, Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknolojileri Dergisi, 7(1): 466-476, 2019.
• N.R. Dhar, M. Kamruzzaman, M. Ahmed, Effect of minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) on tool wear and surface roughness in turning AISI-4340 steel, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 172(2): 299-304, 2006.
• Ç.V. Yıldırım, T. Kıvak, M. Sarıkaya, F. Erzincanlı, Determination of MQL parameters contributing to sustainable machining in the milling of nickel-base superalloy Waspaloy, Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 42(11): 4667-4681, 2017.
• M.M.A. Khan, N. R. Dhar, Performance evaluation of minimum quantity lubrication by vegetable oil in terms of cutting force, cutting zone temperature, tool wear, job dimension and surface finish in turning AISI-1060 steel, Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE A, 7(11): 1790-1799, 2006.
• Ç.V. Yıldırım, Investigation of hard turning performance of eco-friendly cooling strategies: Cryogenic cooling and nanofluid based MQL, Tribology International, 144: 106127, 2020.
• A. Bagherzadeh, E. Kuram, E. Budak, Experimental evaluation of eco-friendly hybrid cooling methods in slot milling of titanium alloy, Cleaner Production, 289: 125817, 2021.
• S. Akıncıoğlu, H. Gökkaya, İ. Uygur, A review of cryogenic treatment on cutting tools, International Advance Manufacturing Technology, 78: 1609-1627, 2015.
• I.S. Jawahir, H. Attia, D. Biermann, J. Duflou, F. Klocke, D. Meyer, S.T. Newman, F. Pusavec, M. Putz, J. Rech, V. Schulze, D. Umbrello, Cryogenic manufacturing processes,” CIRP Annals, 65(2): 713-736, 2016.
• Z.S. Park, J. Kim, Y.Y. Woo, H. Lee, J.H. Kim, Y.H. Moon, Forced circulation of nitrogen gas for accelerated and eco-friendly cooling of metallic parts, Applied Sciences, 9(18): 3679, 2019.
• Y. Yıldız, M. Nalbant, A review of cryogenic cooling in machining processes, International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 48(9): 947-964, 2008.
• Ç.V. Yıldırım, T. Kıvak, M. Sarıkaya, Ş. Şirin, Evaluation of tool wear, surface roughness/topography and chip morphology when machining of Ni-based alloy 625 under MQL, cryogenic cooling and CryoMQL,” Journal of Material Research and Technology, 9(2): 2079-2092, 2020.
• A. Aramcharoen, Influence of cryogenic cooling on tool wear and chip formation in turning of titanium alloy, Procedia CIRP, 46: 83-86, 2016.
• S. Debnath, M.M. Reddy, Q.S. Yi, Environmental friendly cutting fluids and cooling techniques in machining: A review, Journal of Cleaner Production, 83: 33-47, 2014.
• Ç.V. Yıldırım, Grafit parçacık takviyeli nano akışkan kullanılarak AISI 316’nın frezelenmesinde yüzey pürüzlülüğü ve kesme sıcaklığının optimizasyonu, Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 7(1): 326-341, 2019.
• B. D. Jerold, M.P. Kumar, Machining of AISI 316 stainless steel under carbon-di-oxide cooling, Materials and Manufacturing Process, 27(10): 1059-1065, 2012.
• S. Ravi, P. Gurusamy, Experimental studies on the effect of LN2 cooling on the machining of tool steel, Materials Today: Proceedings, 33(7): 3292-3296, 2020.
• W.V. Leadebal, A.C.A. de Melo, A. J. de Oliveira, N. A. Castro, Effects of cryogenic cooling on the surface integrity in hard turning of AISI D6 steel, Journal of the Brazilian Society Mechanical Science and Engineering, 40(1): 1-14, 2018.
• M. Dhananchezian, M.P. Kumar, T. Sornakumar, Cryogenic turning of AISI 304 stainless steel with modified tungsten carbide tool ınserts, Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 26(5): 781-785, 2011.
• ISO 4287, Geometrical product specifications (GPS)-surface texture: profile method-terms, definitions and surface texture parameters, International Organization for Standardization, 1997.
• Ç.V. Yıldırım, Experimental comparison of the performance of nanofluids, cryogenic and hybrid cooling in turning of Inconel 625, Tribology International, 137: 366-378, 2019.
• M.K. Gupta, Q. Song, Z. Liu, M. Sarıkaya, M. Jamil, M. Mia, V. Kushvaha, A.K. Singla, Z. Li, Ecological, economical and technological perspectives based sustainability assessment in hybrid-cooling assisted machining of Ti-6Al-4 V alloy, Sustainable Materials and Technologies, 26: e00218, 2020.
• M.K. Gupta, Q. Song, Z. Liu, M. Sarıkaya, M. Jamil, M. Mia, N. Khanna, G.M. Krolczyk, Experimental characterisation of the performance of hybrid cryo-lubrication assisted turning of Ti–6Al–4V alloy, Tribology International, 153: 106582, 2021.
• Ş. Şirin, Sürdürülebilir imalat için Inconel X 750 süper alaşımının frezelenmesinde yenilikçi soğutma/yağlama tekniklerinin işleme performansı üzerindeki etkileri, Düzce Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Düzce, Türkiye, 2020.
• F. Zemzemi, J. Rech, W. Ben Salem, A. Dogui, P. Kapsa, Identification of a friction model at tool/chip/workpiece interfaces in dry machining of AISI4142 treated steels, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 209(8): 3978-3990, 2009.
• G. Le Coz, D. Dudzinski, Temperature variation in the workpiece and in the cutting tool when dry milling Inconel 718, International Advance Manufacturing Technology, 74: 1133-1139, 2014.