Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Bazalt Elyaf Takviyeli Hafif Harcın Mühendislik Özellikleri Üzerine Deneysel Çalışma

Year 2024, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 1 - 14, 01.07.2024

Abstract

Bazalt elyaf, takviyeli çimentolu malzeme uygulamalarında son zamanlarda dikkat çeken bir inorganik elyaf türüdür. Bu çalışmada, kırpılmış bazalt lif katkısının ve hacim oranlarının harçların işlenebilirliği, mekanik özellikleri ve kapilaritesi üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmıştır. Hafif harçlar (HH), nehir kumunun hacimce %0, %25 ve %50 oranlarında pomza agregası ile kısmi olarak değiştirilmesi ile hazırlanmıştır. HH karışımlarında hacim oranı %0, %0,25 ve %0,5 olan kırpılmış bazalt lifleri kullanılmıştır. Uygulanan testlere göre, pomza agregası içeriğindeki artışın elde edilen değerler üzerinde önemli ölçüde etkili olduğu, bazalt lif ilavesinin etkisinin ise gerçekleştirilen test sonuçları için değişebilir olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Ayrıca, deneysel sonuçların istatistiksel analizi genel doğrusal model ANOVA ile gerçekleştirilmiştir.

References

  • Badogiannis, E. G., Kotsovos, M. D. Monotonic and cyclic flexural tests on lightweight aggregate concrete beams. Earthquakes and Structures, 6(3), 317–334, 2014.
  • Uysal, H., Demirboğa, R., Şahin, R., Gül, R. The effects of different cement dosages, slumps, and pumice aggregate ratios on the thermal conductivity and density of concrete. Cement and concrete research, 34(5), 845-848, 2004.
  • Al-Jabri, K. S., Hago, A. W., Al-Nuaimi, A. S., Al-Saidy, A. H. Concrete blocks for thermal insulation in hot climate. Cement and Concrete Research, 35(8), 1472-1479, 2005.
  • Karakaş, H., İlkentapar, S., Durak, U., Örklemez, E., Özuzun, S., Karahan, O., Atiş, C. D. Properties of fly ash-based lightweight-geopolymer mortars containing perlite aggregates: Mechanical, microstructure, and thermal conductivity coefficient. Construction and Building Materials, 362, 129717, 2023.
  • Hwang, C. L., Hung, M. F. Durability design and performance of self-consolidating lightweight concrete. Construction and building materials, 19(8), 619-626, 2005.
  • Gyawali, T. R. Effect of the mixing procedure on the properties of lightweight EPS mortar. Journal of Building Engineering, 68, 106012, 2023.
  • Jafari, S., Mahini, S. S. Lightweight concrete design using gene expression programing. Construction and Building Materials, 139, 93-100, 2017.
  • Banawair, A. S., Qaid, G. M., Adil, Z. M., Nasir, N. A. M. The strength of lightweight aggregate in concrete–A Review. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, Vol. 357, No. 1, p. 012017, 2019.
  • Koksal, F., Coşar, K., Dener, M., Benli, A., Gencel, O. Insulating and fire-resistance performance of calcium aluminate cement based lightweight mortars. Construction and Building Materials, 362, 129759, 2023.
  • Záleská, M., Pavlíková, M., Vyšvařil, M., Pavlík, Z. Effect of aggregate and binder type on the functional and durability parameters of lightweight repair mortars. Sustainability, 13(21), 11780, 2021.
  • Shafigh, P., Jumaat, M. Z., Mahmud, H. Bin, Hamid, N. A. A. Lightweight concrete made from crushed oil palm shell: Tensile strength and effect of initial curing on compressive strength. Construction and Building Materials, 27(1), 252–258, 2012.
  • Alexandre Bogas, J., Gomes, M. G., Real, S. Bonding of steel reinforcement in structural expanded clay lightweight aggregate concrete: The influence of failure mechanism and concrete composition. Construction and Building Materials, 65, 350–359, 2014.
  • Ardakani, A., Yazdani, M. The relation between particle density and static elastic modulus of lightweight expanded clay aggregates. Applied Clay Science, 93–94, 28–34, 2014.
  • Lau, P. C., Teo, D. C. L., Mannan, M. A. Mechanical, durability and microstructure properties of lightweight concrete using aggregate made from lime-treated sewage sludge and palm oil fuel ash. Construction and Building Materials, 176, 24-34, 2018.
  • Islam, M. M. U., Li, J., Roychand, R., Saberian, M. Investigation of durability properties for structural lightweight concrete with discarded vehicle tire rubbers: A study for the complete replacement of conventional coarse aggregates. Construction and Building Materials, 369, 130634, 2023.
  • Du, H., Wang, H., Wang, J., Wang, Y., & Yang, F. (2024, March). Tensile and shear capacity of post-installed chemical adhesive anchors in lightweight concrete. In Structures (Vol. 61, p. 106113). Elsevier.
  • Bideci, A., Bideci, Ö. S., & Ashour, A. (2023). Mechanical and thermal properties of lightweight concrete produced with polyester-coated pumice aggregate. Construction and Building Materials, 394, 132204.
  • Bouguerra, A., Ledhem, A., De Barquin, F., Dheilly, R. M., Queneudec, M. Effect of microstructure on the mechanical and thermal properties of lightweight concrete prepared from clay, cement, and wood aggregates. Cement and concrete research, 28(8), 1179-1190, 1998.
  • Sengul, O., Azizi, S., Karaosmanoglu, F., Tasdemir, M. A. Effect of expanded perlite on the mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of lightweight concrete. Energy and Buildings, 43(2-3), 671-676, 2011.
  • Chen, B., Liu, N. A novel lightweight concrete-fabrication and its thermal and mechanical properties. Construction and building materials, 44, 691-698, 2013.
  • Yildizel, S. A., & Toktas, A. (2022). ABC algorithm-based optimization and evaluation of nano carbon black added multi-layer microwave absorbing ultra weight foam concrete. Materials Today Communications, 32, 104035.
  • Afroughsabet, V., Ozbakkaloglu, T. Mechanical and durability properties of high-strength concrete containing steel and polypropylene fibers. Construction and building materials, 94, 73-82., 2015.
  • Zollo, R. F. Fiber-reinforced concrete: an overview after 30 years of development. Cement and concrete composites, 19(2), 107-122, 1997.
  • Balaguru, P. N., Shah, S. P. Fiber-reinforced cement composites., 1992.
  • Abaeian, R., Behbahani, H. P., Moslem, S. J. Effects of high temperatures on mechanical behavior of high strength concrete reinforced with high performance synthetic macro polypropylene (HPP) fibres. Construction and Building Materials, 165, 631-638, 2018.
  • Hasan, A., Maroof, N., Ibrahim, Y. Effects of Polypropylene Fiber Content on Strength and Workability Properties of Concrete. Polytechnic Journal, 9(1), 7-12, 2019.
  • Yin, S., Tuladhar, R., Shi, F., Combe, M., Collister, T., Sivakugan, N. Use of macro plastic fibres in concrete: A review. Construction and Building Materials, 93, 180-188, 2015.
  • Afroughsabet, V., Biolzi, L., Ozbakkaloglu, T. High-performance fiber-reinforced concrete: a review. Journal of materials science, 51(14), 6517-6551, 2016.
  • Grzymski, F., Musiał, M., Trapko, T. Mechanical properties of fibre reinforced concrete with recycled fibres. Construction and Building Materials, 198, 323-331, 2019.
  • Choe, G., Kim, G., Kim, H., Hwang, E., Lee, S., Nam, J. Effect of amorphous metallic fiber on mechanical properties of high-strength concrete exposed to high-temperature. Construction and Building Materials, 218, 448-456, 2019.
  • Choi, J. S., Lee, H. J., Yuan, T. F., Yoon, Y. S. Mechanical and shrinkage performance of steel fiber reinforced high strength self-compacting lightweight concrete. Cement and Concrete Composites, 144, 105296, 2023.
  • Kadhim, S., Çevik, A., Niş, A., Bakbak, D., Aljanabi, M. Mechanical behavior of fiber reinforced slag-based geopolymer mortars incorporating artificial lightweight aggregate exposed to elevated temperatures. Construction and Building Materials,315, 125766, 2022.
  • Aghaee, K., Han, T., Kumar, A., Khayat, K. H. Mechanism underlying effect of expansive agent and shrinkage reducing admixture on mechanical properties and fiber-matrix bonding of fiber-reinforced mortar. Cement and Concrete Research,172, 107247, 2023.
  • Konsta-Gdoutos, M. S., Metaxa, Z. S., Shah, S. P. Highly dispersed carbon nanotube reinforced cement based materials. Cement and Concrete Research, 40(7), 1052-1059, 2010.
  • Zhao, M., Zhao, M., Chen, M., Li, J., Law, D. An experimental study on strength and toughness of steel fiber reinforced expanded-shale lightweight concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 183, 493-501, 2018.
  • Badogiannis, E. G., Christidis, Κ. I., Tzanetatos, G. E. Evaluation of the mechanical behavior of pumice lightweight concrete reinforced with steel and polypropylene fibers. Construction and Building Materials, 196, 443-456, 2019.
  • Kizilkanat, A. B., Kabay, N., Akyüncü, V., Chowdhury, S., Akça, A. H. Mechanical properties and fracture behavior of basalt and glass fiber reinforced concrete: An experimental study. Construction and Building Materials, 100, 218-224, 2015.
  • Branston, J., Das, S., Kenno, S. Y., Taylor, C. Mechanical behaviour of basalt fibre reinforced concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 124, 878-886, 2016.
  • Fiore, V., Scalici, T., Di Bella, G., Valenza, A. A review on basalt fibre and its composites. Composites Part B: Engineering, 74, 74-94, 2015.
  • Guler, S., Akbulut, Z. F. Workability & mechanical properties of the single and hybrid basalt fiber reinforced volcanic ash-based cement mortars after freeze–thaw cycles. In Structures, Vol. 48, pp. 1537-1547, 2023.
  • Zaragoza-Benzal, A., Ferrández, D., Prieto, M. I., Atanes-Sánchez, E. Fire-resistant performance of new sustainable waste-lightened composites with glass and basalt fibres reinforcement. Construction and Building Materials, 411, 134620, 2024.
  • Yildizel, S. A., Tayeh, B. A., & Uzun, M. (2022). The evaluation of calcium carbonate added and basalt fiber reinforced roller compacted high performance concrete for pavement. Case Studies in Construction Materials, 17, e01293.
  • Wei, C., Zhou, Q., Deng, K., Lin, Y., Wang, L., Luo, Y., ... & Zhou, H. (2024). Alkali resistance prediction and degradation mechanism of basalt fiber: Integrated with artificial neural network machine learning model. Journal of Building Engineering, 108850.
  • Jiang, C., Fan, K., Wu, F., Chen, D. Experimental study on the mechanical properties and microstructure of chopped basalt fibre reinforced concrete. Materials & Design, 58, 187-193, 2014.
  • High, C., Seliem, H. M., El-Safty, A., Rizkalla, S. H. Use of basalt fibers for concrete structures. Construction and Building materials, 96, 37-46, 2015.
  • Ayub, T., Shafiq, N., Nuruddin, M. F. Mechanical properties of high-performance concrete reinforced with basalt fibers. Procedia Engineering, 77, 131-139, 2014.
  • Chen, B., Liu, J. Contribution of hybrid fibers on the properties of the high-strength lightweight concrete having good workability. Cement and Concrete Research, 35(5), 913-917, 2005.
  • Wang, D., Ju, Y., Shen, H., & Xu, L. (2019). Mechanical properties of high performance concrete reinforced with basalt fiber and polypropylene fiber. Construction and Building Materials, 197, 464-473.
  • Girgin, Z. C., & Yıldırım, M. T. (2016). Usability of basalt fibres in fibre reinforced cement composites. Materials and Structures, 49, 3309.

Experimental Study on Engineering Properties of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Lightweight Mortar

Year 2024, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 1 - 14, 01.07.2024

Abstract

Basalt fiber is a new inorganic fiber type that has recently taken attention in cementitious materials reinforcing applications. In this study, the effect of the chopped basalt fiber inclusion and volume fractions on workability, mechanical properties, and capillarity of mortars were investigated. Lightweight mortars (LWM) were prepared by partial replacement of river sand with pumice aggregate as 0%, 25%, and 50% by volume. The chopped basalt fibers with a volume fraction of 0%, 0.25%, and 0.5% were utilized in LWM mixes. According to the applied tests, it was concluded that the increase of pumice aggregate content is significantly effective on obtained values, whereas, the influence of adding basalt fiber is changeable for the performed test results. Additionally, the statistical analysis of experimental results was implemented by general linear model ANOVA.

References

  • Badogiannis, E. G., Kotsovos, M. D. Monotonic and cyclic flexural tests on lightweight aggregate concrete beams. Earthquakes and Structures, 6(3), 317–334, 2014.
  • Uysal, H., Demirboğa, R., Şahin, R., Gül, R. The effects of different cement dosages, slumps, and pumice aggregate ratios on the thermal conductivity and density of concrete. Cement and concrete research, 34(5), 845-848, 2004.
  • Al-Jabri, K. S., Hago, A. W., Al-Nuaimi, A. S., Al-Saidy, A. H. Concrete blocks for thermal insulation in hot climate. Cement and Concrete Research, 35(8), 1472-1479, 2005.
  • Karakaş, H., İlkentapar, S., Durak, U., Örklemez, E., Özuzun, S., Karahan, O., Atiş, C. D. Properties of fly ash-based lightweight-geopolymer mortars containing perlite aggregates: Mechanical, microstructure, and thermal conductivity coefficient. Construction and Building Materials, 362, 129717, 2023.
  • Hwang, C. L., Hung, M. F. Durability design and performance of self-consolidating lightweight concrete. Construction and building materials, 19(8), 619-626, 2005.
  • Gyawali, T. R. Effect of the mixing procedure on the properties of lightweight EPS mortar. Journal of Building Engineering, 68, 106012, 2023.
  • Jafari, S., Mahini, S. S. Lightweight concrete design using gene expression programing. Construction and Building Materials, 139, 93-100, 2017.
  • Banawair, A. S., Qaid, G. M., Adil, Z. M., Nasir, N. A. M. The strength of lightweight aggregate in concrete–A Review. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, Vol. 357, No. 1, p. 012017, 2019.
  • Koksal, F., Coşar, K., Dener, M., Benli, A., Gencel, O. Insulating and fire-resistance performance of calcium aluminate cement based lightweight mortars. Construction and Building Materials, 362, 129759, 2023.
  • Záleská, M., Pavlíková, M., Vyšvařil, M., Pavlík, Z. Effect of aggregate and binder type on the functional and durability parameters of lightweight repair mortars. Sustainability, 13(21), 11780, 2021.
  • Shafigh, P., Jumaat, M. Z., Mahmud, H. Bin, Hamid, N. A. A. Lightweight concrete made from crushed oil palm shell: Tensile strength and effect of initial curing on compressive strength. Construction and Building Materials, 27(1), 252–258, 2012.
  • Alexandre Bogas, J., Gomes, M. G., Real, S. Bonding of steel reinforcement in structural expanded clay lightweight aggregate concrete: The influence of failure mechanism and concrete composition. Construction and Building Materials, 65, 350–359, 2014.
  • Ardakani, A., Yazdani, M. The relation between particle density and static elastic modulus of lightweight expanded clay aggregates. Applied Clay Science, 93–94, 28–34, 2014.
  • Lau, P. C., Teo, D. C. L., Mannan, M. A. Mechanical, durability and microstructure properties of lightweight concrete using aggregate made from lime-treated sewage sludge and palm oil fuel ash. Construction and Building Materials, 176, 24-34, 2018.
  • Islam, M. M. U., Li, J., Roychand, R., Saberian, M. Investigation of durability properties for structural lightweight concrete with discarded vehicle tire rubbers: A study for the complete replacement of conventional coarse aggregates. Construction and Building Materials, 369, 130634, 2023.
  • Du, H., Wang, H., Wang, J., Wang, Y., & Yang, F. (2024, March). Tensile and shear capacity of post-installed chemical adhesive anchors in lightweight concrete. In Structures (Vol. 61, p. 106113). Elsevier.
  • Bideci, A., Bideci, Ö. S., & Ashour, A. (2023). Mechanical and thermal properties of lightweight concrete produced with polyester-coated pumice aggregate. Construction and Building Materials, 394, 132204.
  • Bouguerra, A., Ledhem, A., De Barquin, F., Dheilly, R. M., Queneudec, M. Effect of microstructure on the mechanical and thermal properties of lightweight concrete prepared from clay, cement, and wood aggregates. Cement and concrete research, 28(8), 1179-1190, 1998.
  • Sengul, O., Azizi, S., Karaosmanoglu, F., Tasdemir, M. A. Effect of expanded perlite on the mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of lightweight concrete. Energy and Buildings, 43(2-3), 671-676, 2011.
  • Chen, B., Liu, N. A novel lightweight concrete-fabrication and its thermal and mechanical properties. Construction and building materials, 44, 691-698, 2013.
  • Yildizel, S. A., & Toktas, A. (2022). ABC algorithm-based optimization and evaluation of nano carbon black added multi-layer microwave absorbing ultra weight foam concrete. Materials Today Communications, 32, 104035.
  • Afroughsabet, V., Ozbakkaloglu, T. Mechanical and durability properties of high-strength concrete containing steel and polypropylene fibers. Construction and building materials, 94, 73-82., 2015.
  • Zollo, R. F. Fiber-reinforced concrete: an overview after 30 years of development. Cement and concrete composites, 19(2), 107-122, 1997.
  • Balaguru, P. N., Shah, S. P. Fiber-reinforced cement composites., 1992.
  • Abaeian, R., Behbahani, H. P., Moslem, S. J. Effects of high temperatures on mechanical behavior of high strength concrete reinforced with high performance synthetic macro polypropylene (HPP) fibres. Construction and Building Materials, 165, 631-638, 2018.
  • Hasan, A., Maroof, N., Ibrahim, Y. Effects of Polypropylene Fiber Content on Strength and Workability Properties of Concrete. Polytechnic Journal, 9(1), 7-12, 2019.
  • Yin, S., Tuladhar, R., Shi, F., Combe, M., Collister, T., Sivakugan, N. Use of macro plastic fibres in concrete: A review. Construction and Building Materials, 93, 180-188, 2015.
  • Afroughsabet, V., Biolzi, L., Ozbakkaloglu, T. High-performance fiber-reinforced concrete: a review. Journal of materials science, 51(14), 6517-6551, 2016.
  • Grzymski, F., Musiał, M., Trapko, T. Mechanical properties of fibre reinforced concrete with recycled fibres. Construction and Building Materials, 198, 323-331, 2019.
  • Choe, G., Kim, G., Kim, H., Hwang, E., Lee, S., Nam, J. Effect of amorphous metallic fiber on mechanical properties of high-strength concrete exposed to high-temperature. Construction and Building Materials, 218, 448-456, 2019.
  • Choi, J. S., Lee, H. J., Yuan, T. F., Yoon, Y. S. Mechanical and shrinkage performance of steel fiber reinforced high strength self-compacting lightweight concrete. Cement and Concrete Composites, 144, 105296, 2023.
  • Kadhim, S., Çevik, A., Niş, A., Bakbak, D., Aljanabi, M. Mechanical behavior of fiber reinforced slag-based geopolymer mortars incorporating artificial lightweight aggregate exposed to elevated temperatures. Construction and Building Materials,315, 125766, 2022.
  • Aghaee, K., Han, T., Kumar, A., Khayat, K. H. Mechanism underlying effect of expansive agent and shrinkage reducing admixture on mechanical properties and fiber-matrix bonding of fiber-reinforced mortar. Cement and Concrete Research,172, 107247, 2023.
  • Konsta-Gdoutos, M. S., Metaxa, Z. S., Shah, S. P. Highly dispersed carbon nanotube reinforced cement based materials. Cement and Concrete Research, 40(7), 1052-1059, 2010.
  • Zhao, M., Zhao, M., Chen, M., Li, J., Law, D. An experimental study on strength and toughness of steel fiber reinforced expanded-shale lightweight concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 183, 493-501, 2018.
  • Badogiannis, E. G., Christidis, Κ. I., Tzanetatos, G. E. Evaluation of the mechanical behavior of pumice lightweight concrete reinforced with steel and polypropylene fibers. Construction and Building Materials, 196, 443-456, 2019.
  • Kizilkanat, A. B., Kabay, N., Akyüncü, V., Chowdhury, S., Akça, A. H. Mechanical properties and fracture behavior of basalt and glass fiber reinforced concrete: An experimental study. Construction and Building Materials, 100, 218-224, 2015.
  • Branston, J., Das, S., Kenno, S. Y., Taylor, C. Mechanical behaviour of basalt fibre reinforced concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 124, 878-886, 2016.
  • Fiore, V., Scalici, T., Di Bella, G., Valenza, A. A review on basalt fibre and its composites. Composites Part B: Engineering, 74, 74-94, 2015.
  • Guler, S., Akbulut, Z. F. Workability & mechanical properties of the single and hybrid basalt fiber reinforced volcanic ash-based cement mortars after freeze–thaw cycles. In Structures, Vol. 48, pp. 1537-1547, 2023.
  • Zaragoza-Benzal, A., Ferrández, D., Prieto, M. I., Atanes-Sánchez, E. Fire-resistant performance of new sustainable waste-lightened composites with glass and basalt fibres reinforcement. Construction and Building Materials, 411, 134620, 2024.
  • Yildizel, S. A., Tayeh, B. A., & Uzun, M. (2022). The evaluation of calcium carbonate added and basalt fiber reinforced roller compacted high performance concrete for pavement. Case Studies in Construction Materials, 17, e01293.
  • Wei, C., Zhou, Q., Deng, K., Lin, Y., Wang, L., Luo, Y., ... & Zhou, H. (2024). Alkali resistance prediction and degradation mechanism of basalt fiber: Integrated with artificial neural network machine learning model. Journal of Building Engineering, 108850.
  • Jiang, C., Fan, K., Wu, F., Chen, D. Experimental study on the mechanical properties and microstructure of chopped basalt fibre reinforced concrete. Materials & Design, 58, 187-193, 2014.
  • High, C., Seliem, H. M., El-Safty, A., Rizkalla, S. H. Use of basalt fibers for concrete structures. Construction and Building materials, 96, 37-46, 2015.
  • Ayub, T., Shafiq, N., Nuruddin, M. F. Mechanical properties of high-performance concrete reinforced with basalt fibers. Procedia Engineering, 77, 131-139, 2014.
  • Chen, B., Liu, J. Contribution of hybrid fibers on the properties of the high-strength lightweight concrete having good workability. Cement and Concrete Research, 35(5), 913-917, 2005.
  • Wang, D., Ju, Y., Shen, H., & Xu, L. (2019). Mechanical properties of high performance concrete reinforced with basalt fiber and polypropylene fiber. Construction and Building Materials, 197, 464-473.
  • Girgin, Z. C., & Yıldırım, M. T. (2016). Usability of basalt fibres in fibre reinforced cement composites. Materials and Structures, 49, 3309.
There are 49 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Civil Construction Engineering
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Şevin Ekmen 0000-0002-2577-696X

Zeynep Algın 0000-0001-7004-8403

Kasım Mermerdaş 0000-0002-1274-6016

Publication Date July 1, 2024
Submission Date February 22, 2024
Acceptance Date April 18, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 5 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Ekmen, Ş., Algın, Z., & Mermerdaş, K. (2024). Experimental Study on Engineering Properties of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Lightweight Mortar. Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(1), 1-14.
AMA Ekmen Ş, Algın Z, Mermerdaş K. Experimental Study on Engineering Properties of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Lightweight Mortar. Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi. July 2024;5(1):1-14.
Chicago Ekmen, Şevin, Zeynep Algın, and Kasım Mermerdaş. “Experimental Study on Engineering Properties of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Lightweight Mortar”. Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi 5, no. 1 (July 2024): 1-14.
EndNote Ekmen Ş, Algın Z, Mermerdaş K (July 1, 2024) Experimental Study on Engineering Properties of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Lightweight Mortar. Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi 5 1 1–14.
IEEE Ş. Ekmen, Z. Algın, and K. Mermerdaş, “Experimental Study on Engineering Properties of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Lightweight Mortar”, Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 1–14, 2024.
ISNAD Ekmen, Şevin et al. “Experimental Study on Engineering Properties of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Lightweight Mortar”. Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi 5/1 (July 2024), 1-14.
JAMA Ekmen Ş, Algın Z, Mermerdaş K. Experimental Study on Engineering Properties of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Lightweight Mortar. Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi. 2024;5:1–14.
MLA Ekmen, Şevin et al. “Experimental Study on Engineering Properties of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Lightweight Mortar”. Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 5, no. 1, 2024, pp. 1-14.
Vancouver Ekmen Ş, Algın Z, Mermerdaş K. Experimental Study on Engineering Properties of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Lightweight Mortar. Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi. 2024;5(1):1-14.