Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinin Sosyal Kaygı Düzeyi ve İlişkili Faktörler

Year 2025, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 53 - 65, 31.07.2025

Reyhan Eskiyurt

Abstract

Hemşire öğrencilerin ve klinikte sağlık hizmeti veren hemşirelerin hastaların klinik ihtiyaçlarını karşılayabilmeleri için klinik yeterliliklere sahip olması gerekmektedir. Ruh sağlığı ve kişiliği içeren psikolojik faktörler, hemşirelik yeterliliğinin ve klinik öğrenme sonuçlarının gelişimini etkilemektedir. Bu derleme hemşirelik öğrencilerinin sosyal kaygı düzeyinin belirlenmesi ve ilişkili faktörlerin incelenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Bu derleme çalışmasında beş temel adımdan oluşan sistematik bir yaklaşım kullanılmıştır. Sonuncusu Aralık 2023’de yapılan taramalar; Ulakbim Tıp Veri Tabanı, Science Direct ve Google Scholar veri tabanları kontrol edilerek yürütülmüştür. Makaleler, başlık, özet ve tam metin bilgilerine göre alaka düzeyinin değerlendirilmesi amacıyla incelenmiştir. İncelenen makalelerin (n=26), sonuçları hemşirelik öğrencilerinin orta düzeyde sosyal kaygı yaşadığını ve sosyal kaygıya yönelik yapılan müdahalelerin etkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Sosyal kaygının benlik saygısı, iletişim yeterliliği, problem çözme becerileri ve olumsuz değerlendirilme korkusu ile ilişkili olduğu saptanmıştır. Sosyal kaygıya yönelik yapılan terapötik müdahaleler etkin bulunmuştur. Bu derleme hemşirelik öğrencileri arasında sosyal kaygının tanımlanması ve yönetimi hakkında bilgi sağlamıştır. Hemşirelik öğrencilerinde sosyal kaygıyı azaltmak için hemşirelik eğitimcilerinin, alışılmadık sosyal durumlarda ortaya çıkan bilişsel çarpıtmaları değiştirmeye ve kişilerarası ilişkiler yeteneğini geliştirmeye yönelik eğitimsel müdahale programları geliştirmeleri gerekmektedir.

Keywords

Hemşirelik öğrencileri , sosyal kaygı , sosyal fobi , hemşirelik

Ethical Statement

Sistematik derlemeye alınan makaleler ve atıf yapılan literatür kaynaklar bölümünde gösterilmiştir. Çalışmanın her aşamasında etik ilkelere uyulmuştur.

Supporting Institution

Yok

Thanks

Yok

Social Anxiety and Its Associated Factors Among Nursing Students

Abstract

Nurse students and nurses providing healthcare services in clinics must have clinical competencies to meet the clinical needs of patients. Psychological factors, including mental health and personality, influence the development of nursing competence and clinical learning outcomes. This review was conducted to examine the social anxiety level and related factors of nursing students. A systematic approach consisting of five basic steps was used in this review study. The last searches were made in December 2023; It was carried out by checking Ulakbim Medical Database, Science Direct and Google Scholar databases. Articles were examined to assess relevance based on title, abstract, and full text. The results of the articles reviewed (n=26) show that nursing students experience moderate levels of social anxiety and that interventions for social anxiety are effective. It has been found that social anxiety is related to self-esteem, communication competence, problem-solving skills and fear of negative evaluation. Therapeutic interventions for social anxiety have been found effective. This review provided information on the identification and management of social anxiety among nursing students. To reduce social anxiety in nursing students, nursing educators need to develop educational intervention programs aimed at changing cognitive distortions that occur in unfamiliar social situations and improving interpersonal relationship skills.

Keywords

Nursing students , social anxiety , social phobia , nursing

References

• Ablao, J. (2023). The severity of social anxiety disorder among nursing students at the University of Tabuk. Internatıonal Board, 15(3),13. doi:10.37506/ijone.v15i3.19566
• Abud, A. A., Jabbar, D. K., Fadhil, M. (2018). Effectiveness of social phobia on psychological well-being of Thi-Qar nursing college student. Executive Editor, 9(8),1168. doi:10.5958/0976-5506.2018.00888.4
• Aloufi, M. A., Jarden, R. J., Gerdtz, M. F., & Kapp, S. (2021). Reducing stress, anxiety and depression in undergraduate nursing students: Systematic review. Nurse education today, 102, 104877. doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2021.104877
• Alsibani, F., Al Hashmi, I. (2022). Social phobia in undergraduate university students in Oman: prevalence and correlates with academic achievement and personal characteristics. Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences, 49(3). doi: 10.55463/issn.1674-2974.49.3.24
• APA. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5). Washington DC: American Psychiatric Association.
• Begley, C. M., White, P. (2003). Irish nursing students' changing self‐esteem and fear of negative evaluation during their preregistration programme. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 42(4), 390-401. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.2003.02631.x
• Cha, K. S., Jun, W. H., Hong, S. S. (2014). Problem solving ability and social anxiety in nursing students. The Journal of the Korea Contents Association, 14(7), 324-333. doi:10.5392/JKCA.2014.14.07.324
• Carpenter, J. K., Andrews, L. A., Witcraft, S. M., Powers, M. B., Smits, J., Hofmann, S. G. (2018). Cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and related disorders: A meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. Depress Anxiety, 35(6),502-514. doi: 10.1002/da.22728
• Chernomas, W. M., Shapiro, C. (2013). Stress, depression, and anxiety among undergraduate nursing students. Int. J. Nurs. Educ. Scholarsh, 10(1),255-266. doi: 10.1515/ijnes-2012-0032
• Cho, O. H., Hwang, K. H., Lim, J. M. (2017). Influence of fear of evaluation, test anxiety, and social anxiety among nursing students. The Journal of the Korea Contents Association, 17(7), 56-66. doi:10.5392/JKCA.2017.17.07.056
• Chung, B.Y., An, H. J. (2006). Self-esteem and social anxiety of nursing student. The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education, 12(2), 224-228.
• Chu, Y., Zhang, Y., Yang, D., Wang, S., Liang, C., Wang, X., … Dai, H. (2023). Influence of family function on social anxiety among Chinese nursing students: The mediating role of alexithymia. Nursing Open, 10(3), 1356-1366. doi: 10.1002/nop2.1385
• Clark, D. A., Beck, A. T. (2010). Cognitive Therapy of Anxiety Disorders: Science and Practice. New York: The Guilford Press.
• Cornine, A. (2020). Reducing nursing student anxiety in the clinical setting: An integrative review. Nursing education perspectives, 41(4), 229-234. doi: 10.1097/01.NEP.0000000000000633
• Emmanuel, A., Oyedele, E. A., Gimba, S. M., Gaji, L. D., Terdi, K. D. (2015). Does self-esteem influence social phobia among undergraduate nursing students in Nigeria. Int J Med Health Res, 1(1), 28–33.
• Fredrick, J. W., Luebbe, A. M. (2020). Fear of positive evaluation and social anxiety: A systematic review of trait-based findings. Journal of Affective Disorders, 265, 157–168. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.042
• Ghezelbash, S., Rahmani, F., Peyrovi, H., Inanloo, M. (2015). Study of social anxiety in nursing students of Tehran Universities of Medical Sciences. Research and Development in Medical Education, 4(1), 85-90. doi:10.15171/rdme.2015.014
• Gillibrand, E., Mosley, J. (1995). She Who Dares Wins. London: Harper Collins.
• Hadi, M. A., Ali, M., Haseeb, A., Mohamed, M. M., Elrggal, M. E., & Cheema, E. (2018). Impact of test anxiety on pharmacy students’ performance in Objective Structured Clinical Examination: a cross-sectional survey. International Journal of Pharmacy Practice, 26(2), 191-194. doi:10.1111/ijpp.12389
• Hanson, L. E., Smith, M. J. (1996). Nursing students’ perspectives:experiences of caring and not-so-caring interactions with faculty. Journal of Nursing Education, 35,105–112. doi: 10.3928/0148-4834-19960301-05
• Hofmann, S. G., Asnaani, A., & Hinton, D. E. (2010). Cultural aspects in social anxiety and social anxiety disorder. Depression and Anxiety, 27,1117–1127. doi:10.1002/da.20759
• Hwang, S. K., Lee, Y. J. (2015). Interpersonal communication competence and social anxiety in nursing students. The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education, 21(4), 518-527. doi:10.5977/jkasne.2015.21.4.518
• Jafari, M., Rafiei, H., Nassehi, A., Soleimani, F., Arab, M., & Noormohammadi, M. R. (2015). Caring for dying patients: attitude of nursing students and effects of education. Indian Journal of Palliative Care, 21(2), 192. doi: 10.4103/0973-1075.156497
• Jun, W. H., Lee, G. (2017). The role of ego-resiliency in the relationship between social anxiety and problem solving ability among South Korean nursing students. Nurse Education Today, 49, 17-21. doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2016.11.006
• Kessler, R. C., Chiu, W. T., Demler, O., Walters, E. E. (2005). Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(6), 617-627. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.617
• Kim, S. H., Park, S. (2021). Influence of learning flow and distance e-learning satisfaction on learning outcomes and the moderated mediation effect of social-evaluative anxiety in nursing college students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. Nurse Education in Practice, 56, 103197. doi:10.1016/j.nepr.2021.103197
• Koteswaramma, D., Nair, R. (2021). Prevalence of social phobia among nursing undergraduates. Nursing Journal of India, 112(3), 137-142.
• Kumar, M. L., Eugin, S. B. (2015). Effect of brief cognitive behavior therapy on level of social phobia among nursing students. International Journal of Advances in Nursing Management, 3(3), 208-212. doi: 10.5958/2454-2652.2015.00005.0
• Kuru, E., Safak, Y., Özdemir, İ., Tulacı, R. G., Özdel, K., Özkula, N. G., … Örsel, S. (2018). Cognitive distortions in patients with social anxiety disorder: Comparison of a clinical group and healthy controls. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 32(2), 97-104. doi:10.1016/j.ejpsy.2017.08.004
• Lahousen, T., Kapfhammer, H. P. (2018). Anxiety disorders - clinical and neurobiological aspects. Psychiatr Danub, 30(4), 479-490. doi:10.24869/psyd.2018.479
• Lei, J., Jin, H., Shen, S., Li, Z., & Gu, G. (2015). Influence of clinical practice on nursing students' mental and immune-endocrine functions. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 21(4), 392-400. doi:10.1111/ijn.12272
• Liao, R., Liu, Y. (2016). The impact of structural empowerment and psychological capital on competence among Chinese baccalaureate nursing students: a questionnaire survey. Nurse Education Today, 36, 31–36. doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2015.07.003
• Lochner, C., Mogotsi, M., du Toit, P. L., Kaminer, D., Niehaus, D. J., Stein, D. J. (2003). Quality of life in anxiety disorders: a comparison of obsessive-compulsive disorder, social anxiety disorder, and panic disorder. Psychopathology, 36(5), 255-262. doi:10.1159/000073451
• Martínez Díaz, J. D., Ortega Chacón, V., Muñoz Ronda, F. J. (2016). Design of clinical questions in evidence-based practice. Formulation models. Enfermeria Global, 15(3), 431–438. doi:10.6018/eglob al.15.3.239221
• Mayo-Wilson, E., Dias, S., Mavranezouli, I., Kew, K., Clark, D. M., Ades, A. E., … Pilling, S. (2014). Psychological and pharmacological interventions for social anxiety disorder in adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. The Lancet Psychiatry, 1(5), 368-376. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(14)70329-3
• Moghimian, M., Karimi, T. (2013). The effect of group positive self-talk and relaxation techniques training and their combination on social anxiety of nursing students. Iran Journal of Nursing, 26(85), 66-75.
• Momeni, M., Zeyghami, R., Moradi, M., Taherpour, M., Sarichloo, M. E. (2015). Prevalence and factors associated with social phobia in nursing and midwifery students. Journal of Health and Care, 17(2), 137-145. https://sid.ir/paper/252017/en
• Ni, C., Liu, X., Hua, Q., Lv, A., Wang, B., Yan, Y. (2010). Relationship between coping, self-esteem, individual factors and mental health among Chinese nursing students: A matched case–control study. Nurse Education Today, 30(4), 338-343. doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2009.09.003
• Peters, M. D., Godfrey, C., McInerney, P., Munn, Z., Tricco, A. C., Khalil, H. (2017). Scoping reviews. Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer’s Manual, 2015, 1-24. doi:10.46658/JBIMES-20-12
• Pulido-Criollo, F., Cueto-Escobedo, J., & Guillén-Ruiz, G. (2018). Stress in nursing university students and mental health, Health and academic achievement. IntechOpen. doi:10.5772/intechopen.72993
• Ramak, N., Moinefard, L., Jangi, P., Sangani, A. (2020). Effect of Group Cognitive-Behavioral Techniques Training on Social Anxiety in Nursing Students. Journal of Holistic Nursing and Midwifery, 30(1), 1-8. doi:10.32598/JHNM.30.1.1
• Reghuram, R., Mathias, J. (2014). A study on occurrence of social anxiety among nursing students and its correlation with professional adjustment in selected nursing institutions at Mangalore. Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU, 4(02), 064-069. doi:10.1055/s-0040-1703766
• Remes, O., Wainwright, N., Surtees, P., Lafortune, L., Khaw, K. T., Brayne, C. (2018). Generalised anxiety disorder and hospital admissions: findings from a large, population cohort study. BMJ Open, 8(10), e018539. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018539
• Russell, G., Topham, P. (2012). The impact of social anxiety on student learning and well-being in higher education. J Ment Health, 21(4), 375-385. doi:10.3109/09638237.2012.694505
• Shahsavari, H., Yekta, Z. P., Houser, M. L., Ghiyasvandian, S. (2013). Perceived clinical constraints in the nurse student–instructor interactions: A qualitative study. Nurse Education in Practice, 13(6), 546-552. doi:10.1016/j.nepr.2013.05.006
• Shamekh AbdElaziz, R., Said Sayed Ibrahim, F., Abdallah Ahmed Shams Eldin, F. (2023). Assessment of Social Phobia and its relation to Self-Esteem and Body Image among Students of Faculty of Nursing. Journal of Nursing Science Benha University, 4(2), 302-318. doi: 10.21608/JNSBU.2023.307341
• Sharma, R., Sharma, P. (2015). A correlational study to assess the relation of anxiety and social phobia with academic performance of students in a selected nursing college, Ludhiana, Punjab. International Journal of Nursing Education, 7(2), 26-30.
• Shields, M. (2004). Social anxiety disorder-beyond shyness. Statistics Canada Annual Report, 15, 58-62. Son, M. R., Kim, S. H. (2020). The effects of depression and social anxiety on happiness of nursing students. Journal of Digital Convergence, 18(7), 247-253. doi:10.14400/JDC.2020.18.7.247
• Sullar, K. S., Dasgupta, P. (2023). Social phobia and its associated factors among college-going nursing students in the post-COVID era: findings from west Bengal, India. International Archives of Health Sciences, 10(2), 70-75. doi:10.48307/IAHSJ.2023.176373
• Tárrega-Piquer, I., Valero-Chillerón, M. J., González-Chordá, V. M., Llagostera-Reverter, I., Cervera-Gasch, Á., Andreu-Pejo, L., ... Mena-Tudela, D. (2023). Nomophobia and ıts relationship with social anxiety and procrastination in nursing students: An observational study. Nursing Reports, 13(4), 1695-1705. doi:10.3390/nursrep13040140
• Vaghei, S., Mohammadi, A., Yavari, M., Behnam Vashani, H., Movahed, M., Vaghei, N., … Yazdani, H. (2019). Effect of communication skills training by workshop and virtual methods on social phobia in nursing students: A comparative study. Future of Medical Education Journal, 9(3), 28-33. doi: 10.22038/fmej.2019.39860.1263
• Wittchen, H. U., Stein, M. B., Kessler, R. C. (1999). Social fears and social phobia in a community sample of adolescents and young adults: prevalence, risk factors and co-morbidity. Psychological Medicine, 29(2), 309-323. doi:10.1017/S0033291798008174
• Woody, S. R., Miao, S., & Kellman-McFarlane, K. (2015). Cultural differences in social anxiety: A meta-analysis of Asian and European heritage samples. Asian American Journal of Psychology, 6(1), 47. doi:10.1037/a0036548
• Yeom, E.Y. (2019). The influence of experience of nurses' incivility and social anxiety on emotional labor in nursing students during clinical practice. The Journal of the Korea Contents Association, 19(4), 293-302. doi:10.5392/JKCA.2019.19.04.293
• Yidebeck, S. L. (2011). Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing. Wolters Klumer.
• Zhang, A., Franklin, C., Jing, S., Bornheimer, L. A., Hai, A. H., Himle, J. A., ... Ji, Q. (2019). The effectiveness of four empirically supported psychotherapies for primary care depression and anxiety: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 245, 1168-1186. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.008