Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting: Risks, Prophylaxis, Non-Drug Alternative Methods

Year 2019, Volume: 5 Issue: 3, 284 - 292, 31.12.2019

Ebru Canakci , Tuba Catak

https://doi.org/10.19127/mbsjohs.637394

Cited By: 2

Abstract

Nausea and
vomiting are among the most common complaints in the postoperative period. The
type of surgical technique and the site of intervention, as well as the
anesthetic drugs and methods directly contribute to the rates of postoperative
nausea and vomiting (PONV). One of the most important factors affecting the
frequency of postoperative nausea and vomiting is the anesthetic drugs and
methods used. Many antiemetic drugs are used to prevent postoperative nausea
and vomiting. With the use of these drugs, side effects especially such as
delayed recovery from anesthesia, dry mouth, undesirable changes in blood
pressure and the occurrence of extrapyramidal symptoms are seen. Several
antiemetic drugs are commonly used for the treatment of postoperative nausea
and vomiting; including scopolamine, chlorpromazine, diphenhydramine,
metoclopramide, promethazine, and ondansetron. Low-dose haloperidol and
metoclopramide are effective in opioid-induced nausea and vomiting.
Dexamethasone reduces the incidence of postoperative nausea in the first 6
hours after surgery. Oral intake starts in patients with severe vomiting
parenteral fluid and electrolyte treatment is required. Sometimes provide may
need gastric decompression with nasogastric tube. Parenteral fluid and
electrolyte treatment and in severe cases gastric decompression with a
nasogastric tube may be necessary. Alternative medicine such as acupuncture and
acupressure can help prevent or reduce postoperative nausea and vomiting. The
aim of this review is to examine the medical therapies and drug-free methods
used for the treatment of PONV in the light of the literatüre

Keywords

postoperative nausea, vomiting, drug, acupuncture

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