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Effect of Postpartum Depression in Mothers With 0–1-Year-Old Infants on Father–Infant Attachment

Year 2021, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 24 - 31, 30.04.2021
https://doi.org/10.19127/mbsjohs.820538

Abstract

Objective: This analytical, cross-sectional study was designed to determine the effect of postpartum depression in mothers with 0–1 year old infant on father–infant attachment.
Methods: The study included 207 mothers and 207 fathers with 0–12-month-old infants. The data were collected using the Introductory Information Form, Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS), and Father–Infant Attachment Scale (FIAS). The data were analyzed using standard deviation, arithmetic mean, Mann–Whitney U test, and correlation analysis.
Results: Total 18.3% of the mothers were at risk of postpartum depression, and the mean total EPDS score was 7.19 ± 5.17. The mean total FIAS score was 74.95 ± 6.21. There was no statistically significant difference between the mean sub-scale and total FIAS scores and the mean EPDS scores (p > 0.05). There was a significant, weak, and negative correlation (r = −0.15; r = −0.181) between the EPDS scores and the sub-scale and total FIAS scores (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: We concluded that postpartum depression (PPD) in mothers has a negative effect on father–infant attachment. The primary responsibilities of midwives should include determining the factors affecting parent–infant attachment and providing training and consultancy to establish parent–infant communication. A secure father–infant attachment can be achieved by ensuring the participation of fathers during the pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum periods and careful evaluation of mothers in terms of PPD.

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Project Number

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Thanks

We thank the parents who participated in the study.

References

  • 1. Atilla R, Mucuk S. Postpartum depression screening and treatment approaches of health personnel working in primary health care services. Journal of Health Sciences. 2018; 27: 186-191.
  • 2. Azad R, Fahmi R, Shrestha S, Joshi H, Hasan M, Khan ANS. et al. Prevalence and risk factors of postpartum depression within one year after birth in urban slums of Dhaka, Bangladesh. PloS One. 2019; 14(5):1-15.
  • 3. Hamel C, Lang E, Morissette K, Beck A, Stevens A, Skidmore B. Moher D. et al. Screening for depression in women during pregnancy or the first year postpartum and in the general adult population: A protocol for two systematic reviews to update a guideline of the Canadian task force on preventive health care. BMC. 2019; 8:27. Https://Doi.Org/10.1186/S13643-018-0930-3
  • 4. Norhayati MN, Hazlina NN, Asrenee AR, Emilin WW. Magnitude and risk factors for postpartum symptoms: a literature review. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2015;175:34-52.
  • 5. Aktas MC, Simsek C, Aktas S. Etiology of postpartum depression: Culture effect. JAREN/Journal of Nursing Academic Research. 2017; 3(1): 10-13.
  • 6. Ay F, Tektas E, Mak A, Aktay N. Postpartum depression and the factors affecting it: 2000-2017 study results. Journal of Psychiatric Nursing. 2018; 9(3):147-152. 7. Turkkapar AF, Kadioglu N, Aslan E, Tunc S, Zayifoglu M, Mollamahmutoglu L. Sociodemographic and clinical features of postpartum depression among Turkish women: a prospective study. BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth. 2015;15(1): 108-17.
  • 8. Nacar E, Gokkaya F. A review article on attachment and maternal attachment. Cyprus Turkish Journal of Psychiatry & Psychology. 2019;1(1):49-55. doi:10.35365/ctjpp.19.1.06.
  • 9. Cankaya S, Yilmaz SD, Can R, Kodaz ND. Effect of postpartum depression on maternal attachment. Journal of Acibadem University of Health Sciences. 2017; 4: 232-40.
  • 10. Goecke TW, Voigt F, Faschingbauer F, Spangler G, Beckmann MW, Beetz A. The association of prenatal attachment and perinatal factors with pre-and postpartum depression in first-time mothers. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2012;286(2):309-316. doi: 10.1007 / s00404-012-2286-6. 11. Moehler E, Brunner R, Wiebel A, Reck C, Resch F. Maternal depressive symptoms in the postnatal period are associated with long-term impairment of mother–child bonding. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2006;9(5):273-278. 12. Ustunsoz A, Guvenc G, Akyuz A, Oflaz F. Comparison of maternal–and paternal–fetal attachment in Turkish couples. Midwifery. 2010;26(2): 23-34.
  • 13. Aoyagi SS, Takei N, Nishimura T, Nomura Y, Tsuchiya KJ. Association of late-onset postpartum depression of mothers with expressive language development during infancy and early childhood: the HBC study. Journal of Life and Environmental Sciences. 2019;7: 1-22. Doi: 10.7717/peerj.6566.
  • 14. Sutlu S, Catak B. Prevalence of postpartum depression and affecting factors in the province of Burdur. Kafkas J Med. Sci 2017;7(3):220–224. doi: 10.5505/kjms.2017.070888
  • 15. Durmazoglu G, Serttas M, Kuru Oktay A, Tatarlar A, Gocmen F, Bezirgân S. Toksoy S. et al. Foreseeing of the postpartum depression by nurses & midwives. Anatolian Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences. 2016;19. Special Issue.
  • 16. Gulec D, Kavlak O. Father-infant attachment and role of nurse: Review. Turkiye Klinikleri J Nursing Sci. 2015; 7(1):63-68. Doi: 10.5336/Nurses.2013-3606229.
  • 17. Noh NI, Yeom HA. Development of the Korean Paternal-Fetal Attachment Scale (K-PAFAS). Asian Nursing Research. 2017;11(2): 98-106. 18. Arslantas H, Ergin F, Balkaya NA. Postpartum depression prevalence and related risk factors in Aydin province. Adnan Menderes University Jornal of Faculty of Medicine. 2009; 10(3), 13 – 22.
  • 19. Danaci AE, Dinc G, Deveci A, Sen FS, Icel II. Postnatal depression in Turkey: Epidemiological and cultural aspects. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2002;37:125–9.
  • 20. Durukan E, Ilhan NM, Bumin AM, Aycan S. Postpartum depression frequency and quality of life among a group of mothers having a child aged 2 weeks-18 months. Balkan Medical Journal. 2011; 28(4): 385-393.
  • 21. Kirpinar I, Gozum S, Pasinlioglu T. Prospective study of postpartum depression in eastern Turkey prevalence, socio‐demographic and obstetric correlates, prenatal anxiety and early awareness. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2010;19(3‐4), 422-31.
  • 22. Serhan N, Ege E, Ayranci U, Kosgeroglu N. Prevalence of postpartum depression in mothers and fathers and its correlates. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2013;22(1–2): 279–284.
  • 23. Sunter AT, Guz H, Canbaz S, Dundar C. Postpartum depression in Turkey: prevalence and related factors. Turk J Obstet Jinekoloji Turk Journal of Obstetrics Gynecology. 2006;3(1): 26-31.
  • 24. Demir S, Senturk MB, Cakmak Y, Altay M. Postpartum depression and associated factors in patients who admitted to our clinic to make childbirth. Medical Bulletin of Haseki. 2016;54(2), 83-89. doi: 10.4274/haseki.2856.
  • 25. Kilan S. Father-baby attachment and affecting factors; example of Manisa. Manisa.Published Master Thesis Celal Bayar University Institute of Health Sciences. 2019.26-75.
  • 26. Paulson JF, Bazemore SD. Prenatal and postpartum depression in fathers and its association with maternal depression: A meta-analysis. Journal of The American Medical Association. 2010; 19(303): 1961-9. doi: 10.1001 / jama.2010.605.
  • 27. Engindeniz AN, Kuey L, Kultur S. Validity and reliability study of Edinburgh postpartum depression scale Turkish form. Spring Symposium 1st Book. Ankara. Psychiatric Association Publications; 1996. p. 51-52.
  • 28. Gulec D, Kavlak O. The study of reliability and validity of paternal-infant attachment scale in Turkish society. Journal of Human Sciences. 2013; 10(2): 170-181 29. Aslan Y, Ege E. Breastfeeding self-efficacy of mothers and relationship with depression risk. Journal of Human Sciences. 2016;13(2): 3160-3172.
  • 30. Ngo LTH, Chou HF, Gau ML, Liu CY. Breastfeeding self-efficacy and related factors in postpartum Vietnamese women. Midwifery. 2019;70:84-91.
  • 31. Brown A, Rance J, Bennett P. Understanding the relationship between breastfeeding and postnatal depression: the role of pain and physical difficulties. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2016; 72(2): 273-282. doi: 10.1111 / jan.12832.
  • 32. Ayvaz S, Hocaoglu C, Tiryaki A, Ak İ. Incidence of postpartum depression in Trabzon province and risk factors at gestation. Turkish journal of Psychiatry. 2006;17(4): 243-251.
  • 33. Ege E, Timur S, Zincir H, Geckil E, Sunar‐Reeder B. Social support and symptoms of postpartum depression among new mothers in Eastern Turkey. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research. 2008;34(4), 585-593.
  • 34. Kilic M. The effect of marital adjustment to symptoms of postpartum depression: A multivariate. Journal of Health Sciences. 2016;25: 106-113.
  • 35. Yagmur Y, Ulukoca N. Social support and postpartum depression in low-socioeconomic level postpartum women in Eastern Turkey. International Journal of Public Health. 2010;55(6):543-549.
  • 36. Slomian J, Honvo G, Emonts P, Reginster J, Bruyère O. Consequences of maternal postpartum depression: A systematic review of maternal and infant out comes. Women’s Health. 2019;15: 1–55. doi: 10.1177/174550651984404448.
  • 37. Dinc S.Determination of father-baby attachment and fathers that effect this condition. Istanbul. Istanbul University, Institute of Health Sciences. , Child Health and Disease Nursing Department, Master Thesis. 2014 :55-79.
  • 38. Evcili F, Yurtsal ZB, Cesur B, Kaya N. The effect of painful processes applied to newborn on parent-infant attachment. Gumushane University Journal of Health Sciences. 2017; 6(1): 65- 71.
  • 39. Ferkeitch LS, Mercer RT. Paternal-infant attachment of experienced and in experienced fathers during pregnancy. Nursing Research 1997;44(1): 31-37.
  • 40. Karabulut I. The relationship of maternal attachment on postpartum depression symptoms in the first- and fourth-month postpartum period. Konya. Published PhD Thesis Selcuk University Institute of Health Sciences. 2013.;29-62.
Year 2021, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 24 - 31, 30.04.2021
https://doi.org/10.19127/mbsjohs.820538

Abstract

Project Number

-

References

  • 1. Atilla R, Mucuk S. Postpartum depression screening and treatment approaches of health personnel working in primary health care services. Journal of Health Sciences. 2018; 27: 186-191.
  • 2. Azad R, Fahmi R, Shrestha S, Joshi H, Hasan M, Khan ANS. et al. Prevalence and risk factors of postpartum depression within one year after birth in urban slums of Dhaka, Bangladesh. PloS One. 2019; 14(5):1-15.
  • 3. Hamel C, Lang E, Morissette K, Beck A, Stevens A, Skidmore B. Moher D. et al. Screening for depression in women during pregnancy or the first year postpartum and in the general adult population: A protocol for two systematic reviews to update a guideline of the Canadian task force on preventive health care. BMC. 2019; 8:27. Https://Doi.Org/10.1186/S13643-018-0930-3
  • 4. Norhayati MN, Hazlina NN, Asrenee AR, Emilin WW. Magnitude and risk factors for postpartum symptoms: a literature review. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2015;175:34-52.
  • 5. Aktas MC, Simsek C, Aktas S. Etiology of postpartum depression: Culture effect. JAREN/Journal of Nursing Academic Research. 2017; 3(1): 10-13.
  • 6. Ay F, Tektas E, Mak A, Aktay N. Postpartum depression and the factors affecting it: 2000-2017 study results. Journal of Psychiatric Nursing. 2018; 9(3):147-152. 7. Turkkapar AF, Kadioglu N, Aslan E, Tunc S, Zayifoglu M, Mollamahmutoglu L. Sociodemographic and clinical features of postpartum depression among Turkish women: a prospective study. BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth. 2015;15(1): 108-17.
  • 8. Nacar E, Gokkaya F. A review article on attachment and maternal attachment. Cyprus Turkish Journal of Psychiatry & Psychology. 2019;1(1):49-55. doi:10.35365/ctjpp.19.1.06.
  • 9. Cankaya S, Yilmaz SD, Can R, Kodaz ND. Effect of postpartum depression on maternal attachment. Journal of Acibadem University of Health Sciences. 2017; 4: 232-40.
  • 10. Goecke TW, Voigt F, Faschingbauer F, Spangler G, Beckmann MW, Beetz A. The association of prenatal attachment and perinatal factors with pre-and postpartum depression in first-time mothers. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2012;286(2):309-316. doi: 10.1007 / s00404-012-2286-6. 11. Moehler E, Brunner R, Wiebel A, Reck C, Resch F. Maternal depressive symptoms in the postnatal period are associated with long-term impairment of mother–child bonding. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2006;9(5):273-278. 12. Ustunsoz A, Guvenc G, Akyuz A, Oflaz F. Comparison of maternal–and paternal–fetal attachment in Turkish couples. Midwifery. 2010;26(2): 23-34.
  • 13. Aoyagi SS, Takei N, Nishimura T, Nomura Y, Tsuchiya KJ. Association of late-onset postpartum depression of mothers with expressive language development during infancy and early childhood: the HBC study. Journal of Life and Environmental Sciences. 2019;7: 1-22. Doi: 10.7717/peerj.6566.
  • 14. Sutlu S, Catak B. Prevalence of postpartum depression and affecting factors in the province of Burdur. Kafkas J Med. Sci 2017;7(3):220–224. doi: 10.5505/kjms.2017.070888
  • 15. Durmazoglu G, Serttas M, Kuru Oktay A, Tatarlar A, Gocmen F, Bezirgân S. Toksoy S. et al. Foreseeing of the postpartum depression by nurses & midwives. Anatolian Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences. 2016;19. Special Issue.
  • 16. Gulec D, Kavlak O. Father-infant attachment and role of nurse: Review. Turkiye Klinikleri J Nursing Sci. 2015; 7(1):63-68. Doi: 10.5336/Nurses.2013-3606229.
  • 17. Noh NI, Yeom HA. Development of the Korean Paternal-Fetal Attachment Scale (K-PAFAS). Asian Nursing Research. 2017;11(2): 98-106. 18. Arslantas H, Ergin F, Balkaya NA. Postpartum depression prevalence and related risk factors in Aydin province. Adnan Menderes University Jornal of Faculty of Medicine. 2009; 10(3), 13 – 22.
  • 19. Danaci AE, Dinc G, Deveci A, Sen FS, Icel II. Postnatal depression in Turkey: Epidemiological and cultural aspects. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2002;37:125–9.
  • 20. Durukan E, Ilhan NM, Bumin AM, Aycan S. Postpartum depression frequency and quality of life among a group of mothers having a child aged 2 weeks-18 months. Balkan Medical Journal. 2011; 28(4): 385-393.
  • 21. Kirpinar I, Gozum S, Pasinlioglu T. Prospective study of postpartum depression in eastern Turkey prevalence, socio‐demographic and obstetric correlates, prenatal anxiety and early awareness. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2010;19(3‐4), 422-31.
  • 22. Serhan N, Ege E, Ayranci U, Kosgeroglu N. Prevalence of postpartum depression in mothers and fathers and its correlates. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2013;22(1–2): 279–284.
  • 23. Sunter AT, Guz H, Canbaz S, Dundar C. Postpartum depression in Turkey: prevalence and related factors. Turk J Obstet Jinekoloji Turk Journal of Obstetrics Gynecology. 2006;3(1): 26-31.
  • 24. Demir S, Senturk MB, Cakmak Y, Altay M. Postpartum depression and associated factors in patients who admitted to our clinic to make childbirth. Medical Bulletin of Haseki. 2016;54(2), 83-89. doi: 10.4274/haseki.2856.
  • 25. Kilan S. Father-baby attachment and affecting factors; example of Manisa. Manisa.Published Master Thesis Celal Bayar University Institute of Health Sciences. 2019.26-75.
  • 26. Paulson JF, Bazemore SD. Prenatal and postpartum depression in fathers and its association with maternal depression: A meta-analysis. Journal of The American Medical Association. 2010; 19(303): 1961-9. doi: 10.1001 / jama.2010.605.
  • 27. Engindeniz AN, Kuey L, Kultur S. Validity and reliability study of Edinburgh postpartum depression scale Turkish form. Spring Symposium 1st Book. Ankara. Psychiatric Association Publications; 1996. p. 51-52.
  • 28. Gulec D, Kavlak O. The study of reliability and validity of paternal-infant attachment scale in Turkish society. Journal of Human Sciences. 2013; 10(2): 170-181 29. Aslan Y, Ege E. Breastfeeding self-efficacy of mothers and relationship with depression risk. Journal of Human Sciences. 2016;13(2): 3160-3172.
  • 30. Ngo LTH, Chou HF, Gau ML, Liu CY. Breastfeeding self-efficacy and related factors in postpartum Vietnamese women. Midwifery. 2019;70:84-91.
  • 31. Brown A, Rance J, Bennett P. Understanding the relationship between breastfeeding and postnatal depression: the role of pain and physical difficulties. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2016; 72(2): 273-282. doi: 10.1111 / jan.12832.
  • 32. Ayvaz S, Hocaoglu C, Tiryaki A, Ak İ. Incidence of postpartum depression in Trabzon province and risk factors at gestation. Turkish journal of Psychiatry. 2006;17(4): 243-251.
  • 33. Ege E, Timur S, Zincir H, Geckil E, Sunar‐Reeder B. Social support and symptoms of postpartum depression among new mothers in Eastern Turkey. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research. 2008;34(4), 585-593.
  • 34. Kilic M. The effect of marital adjustment to symptoms of postpartum depression: A multivariate. Journal of Health Sciences. 2016;25: 106-113.
  • 35. Yagmur Y, Ulukoca N. Social support and postpartum depression in low-socioeconomic level postpartum women in Eastern Turkey. International Journal of Public Health. 2010;55(6):543-549.
  • 36. Slomian J, Honvo G, Emonts P, Reginster J, Bruyère O. Consequences of maternal postpartum depression: A systematic review of maternal and infant out comes. Women’s Health. 2019;15: 1–55. doi: 10.1177/174550651984404448.
  • 37. Dinc S.Determination of father-baby attachment and fathers that effect this condition. Istanbul. Istanbul University, Institute of Health Sciences. , Child Health and Disease Nursing Department, Master Thesis. 2014 :55-79.
  • 38. Evcili F, Yurtsal ZB, Cesur B, Kaya N. The effect of painful processes applied to newborn on parent-infant attachment. Gumushane University Journal of Health Sciences. 2017; 6(1): 65- 71.
  • 39. Ferkeitch LS, Mercer RT. Paternal-infant attachment of experienced and in experienced fathers during pregnancy. Nursing Research 1997;44(1): 31-37.
  • 40. Karabulut I. The relationship of maternal attachment on postpartum depression symptoms in the first- and fourth-month postpartum period. Konya. Published PhD Thesis Selcuk University Institute of Health Sciences. 2013.;29-62.
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Research articles
Authors

Halil Korkmaz 0000-0002-1167-7418

Zümrüt Yılar Erkek 0000-0002-0495-9003

Project Number -
Publication Date April 30, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

Vancouver Korkmaz H, Yılar Erkek Z. Effect of Postpartum Depression in Mothers With 0–1-Year-Old Infants on Father–Infant Attachment. Mid Blac Sea J Health Sci. 2021;7(1):24-31.

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