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Year 2004, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 47 - 58, 01.04.2004

Abstract

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References

  • 1. Laufer J, Pomeranz A. Renal stone disease in childhood. Drukker A, Gruskin AB (eds) Pediatric Nephrology. Pediatr Adolesc Med. Basel, Karger, 1994, vol5,pp79-91.
  • 2. Barratt TM, Duffy PG. Nephrocalcinosis and Urolithiasis in Barratt TM, Avner ED, Harmon WE (eds) Pediatric Nephrology. Baltimore, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins 4th edition 1999 pp: 933-945.
  • 3. Rizvi SAH, Naqvi SAA, Hussain A, Hussain M, Zafar MN. Pediatric urolithiasis: Developing nation perspectives. The Journal of Urology. 2002;168:1522- 1525.
  • 4. Neiberger R. E-Medicine; Pediatrics, Nephrology. 15.Nov 2002.
  • 5. Oner A, Demircin G, Ipekçioglu H, Bulbul M, Ecin N. Etiological and clinical patterns of urolithiasis in Turkish children. Eur Urol 1997;31:453-458.
  • 6. Ece A, Ozdemir E, Gurkan F, Dokucu AI, Akdeniz O. Characteristics of pediatric urolithiasis in south-east Anatolia. Int J Urol 2000;7:330-334.
  • 7. Ozokutan BH, Kucukaydin M, Gunduz Z, Kabaklioglu M, Okur H, Turan C. Urolithiasis in childhood. Pediatr Surg Int 2000;16:60-63.
  • 8. Stapleton FB. Childhood stones. Endocrinol Metab Clin NorthAm 2002;31:1001-1015.
  • 9. Milliner DS, Murphy ME. Urolithiasis in Pediatric Patients. Mayo Clin Proc 1993;68:241-248.
  • 10. Stapleton FB, McKay CP, Noe HN. Urolithiasis in Children:The role of hypercalciuria. Pediatr Ann 1987;16:980-992.
  • 11. Gökdemir A, Avanoðlu A, Ulman I. Pediatric urinary lithiasis in Turkey. Turk J Pediatr Surg 1995;9:229-303.
  • 12. Kher KK. Urinary stone disease, in Kher KK, Makker SP (eds). Clinical Pediatric Nephrology, Macgrew Hill Inc. 1992 pp: 699-723.
  • 13. A. Tekin, S. Tekgül. Çocuklarda üriner sistem taþ hastalýðý. Katký Pediatri Dergisi 1998;19:33-41.
  • 14. Borghi L, Schianchi T, Meschi T, Guerra A, Allegri F, Maggiore U, Novarini A. Comparison of two diets for the prevention of recurrent stones in idiopathic hypercalciuria. N Engl J Med 2002;10;346:77-84.
  • 15. Furth SL, Casey JC, Pyzik PL. Risk factors for urolithiasis in children on a ketogenic diet. Pediatr Nephrol 2000;15:125-128.
  • 16. Muldowney FP, Freany P, Moloney MF. Importance of dietary sodium in the hypercalciuric syndrome. Kidney Int 1982;22:292-296.
  • 17. Tekin A, Tekgül S, Atsu N, Bakkaloðlu M, Kendi S. Oral potassium citrate treatment for idiopathic hypocitruria in children with calcium urolithiasis. The Journal of Urology 2002;168:2572-2574.
  • 18. Garcia CD, Miller LA, Stapleton FB. Natural history of hematuria associated with hypercalciuria in children. Am J Dis Child 1991;145:1204-1207.
  • 19. Stapleton FB. Hematuria associated with hypercalciuria and hyperuricosuria: a practical approach. Pediatr Nephrol 1994;8:756-761.
  • 20. Minevich E. Pediatric urolithiasis. Pediatric Clinics of NorthAmerica 2001;48: 1571-1585.
  • 21. Stapleton FB. Ýdiopatic hypercalciuria:Association with isolated hematuria and risk for urolithiasis in children. The Southwest Pediatric Nephrology Study Group. Kidney Int 1990;37:807-811.
  • 22. DeSanto NG, DiLorico B, Capasso G. Population based data on urinary excretion of calcium, oxalate, phosphate and uric acid in children from Cimitile. Pediatr Nephrol 1992;6:149-157.
  • 23. Kruse K, Kracht U, Kruse U. Reference values for urinary calcium excretion and screening for hypercalciuria in children and adolescents. Eur J Pediatr 1984;143:25-31.
  • 24. Goodyer P, Sadi I, Ong P. Cystinuria subtype and risk of nephrolithiasis. Kidney Int 1998;54:56-61.
  • 25. Stapleton FB, Linshaw MA, Hassahein K. Uric acid excretion in normal children J Pediatr 1978;92:911- 914.
  • 26. Nayýr A. Determination of urinary calculi by binocular stereoscopic microscopy. Pediatr Nephrol 2002;17:425-432.
  • 27. Eshed I, Witzling M. The role of unenhanced helical CT in the evaluation of suspected renal colic and atypical abdominal pain in children. Pediatr Radiol 2002;32:205-208.
  • 28. Werness PG, Brown CM, Smith LE. EQUIL 2, a basic computer programme for the calculation of the urinary saturation. J Urol 1985;134:1242-1244.
  • 29. Coe FL, Bushinsky DA. Pathophysiology of hypercalciuriaAm J Physiol 1984;247:F1-F3.
  • 30. Weisinger J. New insights into the pathogenesis of idiopathic hypercalciuria: The role of bone. Kidney Int 1996;49:1507-1518.
  • 31. Reed BY, Heller HJ, Gitomer WL, Pak CYC. Mapping a gene defect in absorptive hypercalciuria to chromosome 1q23.3-q24. J Clin Endo Metab 1999;84:3907-3913.
  • 32. Praga M, Martinez MA, Andres A. Association of thin basement membrane nephropathy with hypercalciuria, hyperuricosuria and nephrolithiasis. Kidney Int 1998;54:915-920.
  • 33. Elder JS. Urologic disorders in infants and children: Urinary lithiasis Chapter 555. Behrman RE, Kliegman RM,Jenson HB (eds) ýn Nelson Texbook of Pediatrics 16th ed.Saunders Company. Philedelphia 2000 pp: 1619-1658.
  • 34. Kroovand LR. Urinary calculi in childhood., in O'Donnell B, Koff SA (eds). Pediatric Urology, Third Ed. Oxford. Reed Educational and Professional Publishers, 1997, pp. 629-645.
  • 35. Noe NH, Stapleton FB. Hypercalciuria and calcium stone disease., in O'Donnell B, Koff SA(eds). Pediatric Urology, Third Ed. Oxford. Reed Educational and Professional Publishers, 1997, pp. 646-650.
  • 36. Penido MG, Lima EM, Marino VS, Tupinamba AL, Franca A, Souto MF. Bone alterations in children with idiopathic hypercalciuria at the time of diagnosis. Pediatr Nephrol 2003;18:133-139.
  • 37. Barratt TM, Danpure CJ. Hyperoxaluria in Barratt TM, Avner ED, Harmon WE (eds) Pediatric Nephrology. Baltimore, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins 4th edition 1999 pp:609-619.
  • 38. Zelikovic I. Aminoaciduria and glycosuria in Barratt TM, Avner ED, Harmon WE (eds) Pediatric Nephrology. Baltimore, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins 4th edition 1999 pp:507-527.
  • 39. Zeren S, Satar N, Bayazit Y, Bayazit AK, Payasli K, Ozkeceli R. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy in the management of pediatric renal calculi. J Endourol 2002;16:75-78.
  • 40. Thomas SE, Stapleton FB. Urolithiasis in children. In Baver SB, Gonzales ET (eds), Pediatric Urology Practice, Lippincott Williams Wilkins, Baltimore, 1999 pp.607-619.
  • 41. Osorio AV, Alon US. The relationship between urinary calcium, sodium and potassium excretion and the role of potassium treating idiopathic hypercalciuria. Pediatrics 1997;100:675-681.
  • 42. Pietrow PK, Pope JC, Adams MC, Shyr Y, Brock JW. Clinical outcome of pediatric stone disease. J Urol 2002;167:670-673.

Urolithiasis In Childhood And Prevention

Year 2004, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 47 - 58, 01.04.2004

Abstract

Pediatric stone disease is a frequently underestimated entity that can present unique problems in its management. Children can present with stones at any age (premature newborn to teenager). Urolithiasis stems from various renal, urologic, endocrine and metabolic disorders. The physical examination in children with urolithiasis is influenced by several factors like age, pain, infection, and underlying process producing the stone and size, localization and passage of the stone. It should be the first step to investigate metabolic disorders (e. g. Hypercalciuria, hyperuricosuria, cystinuria, renal tubular acidosis, xanthinuria, and primary hyperoxaluria) and recurrent urinary tract infection in countries with a particularly high ratio urolithiasis like Turkey. Preventive approach to new stone formation requires a combination of medication, large fluid intake, and some dietary restrictions.

References

  • 1. Laufer J, Pomeranz A. Renal stone disease in childhood. Drukker A, Gruskin AB (eds) Pediatric Nephrology. Pediatr Adolesc Med. Basel, Karger, 1994, vol5,pp79-91.
  • 2. Barratt TM, Duffy PG. Nephrocalcinosis and Urolithiasis in Barratt TM, Avner ED, Harmon WE (eds) Pediatric Nephrology. Baltimore, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins 4th edition 1999 pp: 933-945.
  • 3. Rizvi SAH, Naqvi SAA, Hussain A, Hussain M, Zafar MN. Pediatric urolithiasis: Developing nation perspectives. The Journal of Urology. 2002;168:1522- 1525.
  • 4. Neiberger R. E-Medicine; Pediatrics, Nephrology. 15.Nov 2002.
  • 5. Oner A, Demircin G, Ipekçioglu H, Bulbul M, Ecin N. Etiological and clinical patterns of urolithiasis in Turkish children. Eur Urol 1997;31:453-458.
  • 6. Ece A, Ozdemir E, Gurkan F, Dokucu AI, Akdeniz O. Characteristics of pediatric urolithiasis in south-east Anatolia. Int J Urol 2000;7:330-334.
  • 7. Ozokutan BH, Kucukaydin M, Gunduz Z, Kabaklioglu M, Okur H, Turan C. Urolithiasis in childhood. Pediatr Surg Int 2000;16:60-63.
  • 8. Stapleton FB. Childhood stones. Endocrinol Metab Clin NorthAm 2002;31:1001-1015.
  • 9. Milliner DS, Murphy ME. Urolithiasis in Pediatric Patients. Mayo Clin Proc 1993;68:241-248.
  • 10. Stapleton FB, McKay CP, Noe HN. Urolithiasis in Children:The role of hypercalciuria. Pediatr Ann 1987;16:980-992.
  • 11. Gökdemir A, Avanoðlu A, Ulman I. Pediatric urinary lithiasis in Turkey. Turk J Pediatr Surg 1995;9:229-303.
  • 12. Kher KK. Urinary stone disease, in Kher KK, Makker SP (eds). Clinical Pediatric Nephrology, Macgrew Hill Inc. 1992 pp: 699-723.
  • 13. A. Tekin, S. Tekgül. Çocuklarda üriner sistem taþ hastalýðý. Katký Pediatri Dergisi 1998;19:33-41.
  • 14. Borghi L, Schianchi T, Meschi T, Guerra A, Allegri F, Maggiore U, Novarini A. Comparison of two diets for the prevention of recurrent stones in idiopathic hypercalciuria. N Engl J Med 2002;10;346:77-84.
  • 15. Furth SL, Casey JC, Pyzik PL. Risk factors for urolithiasis in children on a ketogenic diet. Pediatr Nephrol 2000;15:125-128.
  • 16. Muldowney FP, Freany P, Moloney MF. Importance of dietary sodium in the hypercalciuric syndrome. Kidney Int 1982;22:292-296.
  • 17. Tekin A, Tekgül S, Atsu N, Bakkaloðlu M, Kendi S. Oral potassium citrate treatment for idiopathic hypocitruria in children with calcium urolithiasis. The Journal of Urology 2002;168:2572-2574.
  • 18. Garcia CD, Miller LA, Stapleton FB. Natural history of hematuria associated with hypercalciuria in children. Am J Dis Child 1991;145:1204-1207.
  • 19. Stapleton FB. Hematuria associated with hypercalciuria and hyperuricosuria: a practical approach. Pediatr Nephrol 1994;8:756-761.
  • 20. Minevich E. Pediatric urolithiasis. Pediatric Clinics of NorthAmerica 2001;48: 1571-1585.
  • 21. Stapleton FB. Ýdiopatic hypercalciuria:Association with isolated hematuria and risk for urolithiasis in children. The Southwest Pediatric Nephrology Study Group. Kidney Int 1990;37:807-811.
  • 22. DeSanto NG, DiLorico B, Capasso G. Population based data on urinary excretion of calcium, oxalate, phosphate and uric acid in children from Cimitile. Pediatr Nephrol 1992;6:149-157.
  • 23. Kruse K, Kracht U, Kruse U. Reference values for urinary calcium excretion and screening for hypercalciuria in children and adolescents. Eur J Pediatr 1984;143:25-31.
  • 24. Goodyer P, Sadi I, Ong P. Cystinuria subtype and risk of nephrolithiasis. Kidney Int 1998;54:56-61.
  • 25. Stapleton FB, Linshaw MA, Hassahein K. Uric acid excretion in normal children J Pediatr 1978;92:911- 914.
  • 26. Nayýr A. Determination of urinary calculi by binocular stereoscopic microscopy. Pediatr Nephrol 2002;17:425-432.
  • 27. Eshed I, Witzling M. The role of unenhanced helical CT in the evaluation of suspected renal colic and atypical abdominal pain in children. Pediatr Radiol 2002;32:205-208.
  • 28. Werness PG, Brown CM, Smith LE. EQUIL 2, a basic computer programme for the calculation of the urinary saturation. J Urol 1985;134:1242-1244.
  • 29. Coe FL, Bushinsky DA. Pathophysiology of hypercalciuriaAm J Physiol 1984;247:F1-F3.
  • 30. Weisinger J. New insights into the pathogenesis of idiopathic hypercalciuria: The role of bone. Kidney Int 1996;49:1507-1518.
  • 31. Reed BY, Heller HJ, Gitomer WL, Pak CYC. Mapping a gene defect in absorptive hypercalciuria to chromosome 1q23.3-q24. J Clin Endo Metab 1999;84:3907-3913.
  • 32. Praga M, Martinez MA, Andres A. Association of thin basement membrane nephropathy with hypercalciuria, hyperuricosuria and nephrolithiasis. Kidney Int 1998;54:915-920.
  • 33. Elder JS. Urologic disorders in infants and children: Urinary lithiasis Chapter 555. Behrman RE, Kliegman RM,Jenson HB (eds) ýn Nelson Texbook of Pediatrics 16th ed.Saunders Company. Philedelphia 2000 pp: 1619-1658.
  • 34. Kroovand LR. Urinary calculi in childhood., in O'Donnell B, Koff SA (eds). Pediatric Urology, Third Ed. Oxford. Reed Educational and Professional Publishers, 1997, pp. 629-645.
  • 35. Noe NH, Stapleton FB. Hypercalciuria and calcium stone disease., in O'Donnell B, Koff SA(eds). Pediatric Urology, Third Ed. Oxford. Reed Educational and Professional Publishers, 1997, pp. 646-650.
  • 36. Penido MG, Lima EM, Marino VS, Tupinamba AL, Franca A, Souto MF. Bone alterations in children with idiopathic hypercalciuria at the time of diagnosis. Pediatr Nephrol 2003;18:133-139.
  • 37. Barratt TM, Danpure CJ. Hyperoxaluria in Barratt TM, Avner ED, Harmon WE (eds) Pediatric Nephrology. Baltimore, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins 4th edition 1999 pp:609-619.
  • 38. Zelikovic I. Aminoaciduria and glycosuria in Barratt TM, Avner ED, Harmon WE (eds) Pediatric Nephrology. Baltimore, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins 4th edition 1999 pp:507-527.
  • 39. Zeren S, Satar N, Bayazit Y, Bayazit AK, Payasli K, Ozkeceli R. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy in the management of pediatric renal calculi. J Endourol 2002;16:75-78.
  • 40. Thomas SE, Stapleton FB. Urolithiasis in children. In Baver SB, Gonzales ET (eds), Pediatric Urology Practice, Lippincott Williams Wilkins, Baltimore, 1999 pp.607-619.
  • 41. Osorio AV, Alon US. The relationship between urinary calcium, sodium and potassium excretion and the role of potassium treating idiopathic hypercalciuria. Pediatrics 1997;100:675-681.
  • 42. Pietrow PK, Pope JC, Adams MC, Shyr Y, Brock JW. Clinical outcome of pediatric stone disease. J Urol 2002;167:670-673.
There are 42 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA29PR27BZ
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

İpek Akil This is me

Ayten Egemen This is me

Publication Date April 1, 2004
Published in Issue Year 2004 Volume: 5 Issue: 1

Cite

EndNote Akil İ, Egemen A (April 1, 2004) Urolithiasis In Childhood And Prevention. Meandros Medical And Dental Journal 5 1 47–58.