1. Harrington KJ, Bateman AR, Syrigos KN, Rintoul R, et
al. Cancer-related thromboembolic disease in patients
with solid tumors: A retrospective analysis. Ann Oncol
1997; 8: 669-673.
2. Lee AY, Levine MN. The thrombophilic state induced
by therapeutic agents in the cancer patient. Semin
Throm Hemos 1999; 25: 137-145.
3. Saphner T, Tormey DC, Gray R. Venous and arterial
thrombosis in patients who received adjuvant therapy
for breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 1991; 9: 286-294.
4. Caine YC, Bauer KA, Barzegar S, et al. Coagulation
activation following estrogen administration to
postmenopausal women. Throm Haemost 1992; 68:
392-395.
5. Kakkar AK, DeRuvo N, Chinswangwatanakul V,
Tebbutt S, Williamson RCN. Extrinsic-pathway
activation in cancer with high factor VIIa and tissue
factor. Lancet 1995; 346: 1004-1005.
6. Nijziel MR, van Oerle R, Thomassen MCLGD,
Hamulyak K, et al. Acquired resistance to activated
protein C in breast cancer patients. Thromb Haemost
82:Abstract 980, 311, 1999.
7. Fisher B, Constantino J, Wickerham L, et al. Tamoxifen
for prevention of breast cancer: Report of the National
Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project P-1 Study.
J Natl Cancer Inst 1998; 90: 1371-1388.
8. Fisher B, Constantino J, Redmond C, et al. A
randomized clinical trial evaluating tamoxifen in the
treatment of patients with node-negative breast cancer
who have estrogen-receptor-positive tumors. N Engl J
Med 1989; 320: 479-484.
9. Pritchard KI, Paterson AHG, Paul NA, et al. Increased
thromboembolic complications with concurrent
tamoxifen and chemotherapy in a randomized trial of
adjuvant therapy for women with breast cancer. J Clin
Oncol 1996; 14: 2731-2737.
10. Rivkin SE, Green S, Metch B, et al. Adjuvant CMFVP
versus tamoxifen versus concurrent CMFVP and
tamoxifen for postmenopausal, node positive, and
estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer patients. A
Southwest Oncology Group Study. J Clin Oncol 1994;
12: 2078-2085.
11. Manucci PM, Bettega D, Charntarangkul V, et al. Effect
of tamoxifen on measurement of hemostasis in healthy
women.Arch Intern Med 1996; 156: 1806-1810.
12. Auger MJ, Mackie MJ. Effects of tamoxifen on blood
coagulation. Cancer 1988; 61: 1316-1319.
13. Kappelmayer J, Bernabei L, Edmuns H, Edgington T,
Colman R. Tissue factor is expressed on monocytes
during simulated extracorporeal circulation. Circ Res
1993; 72: 1075-1081.
14. Ott I, Neumann FJ, Kenngott S, Gawaz M, et al.
Procoagulant inflammatory responses of monocytes
after direct balloon angioplasty in acute myocardial
infarction.Am J Cardiol 1998; 82: 938-942.
15. Nijziel MR, van Oerle R, Christella M, Thomassen GD,
et al. Acquired resistance to activated protein C in
breast cancer patients. Br J Haematol 2003; 120: 117-
122.
Effects of tamoxifen on plasma tissue factor levels
Year 2004,
Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 15 - 18, 01.08.2004
Aim: Cancer patients have a high risk of thromboembolic disease. Although the increased levels of tissue factor (TF) in cancer patients have been reported in various studies, the effect of hormonal therapy i.e. tamoxifen on this manner has not been illuminated yet. Method: In this pilot study, ten patients with localized breast cancer receiving adjuvant tamoxifen were studied for plasma tissue factor levels by the ELISA method, and test results were compared with the results of ten patients with localized breast cancer who not receiving adjuvant tamoxifen treatment. Results: There was a slightly increase of plasma tissue factor levels in tamoxifen terated group compared with control group, but this increase was not statistically significant. Mean plasma TF level of the tamoxifen treated group was 63,87 pg/ml SEM 23,63) (range 12,59 to 267,11) and of the control group was 42,83 pg/ml SEM 7,56) (range 5,43 to 78,88). No thrombotic complications were observed in both groups. Conclusion: According to these results, it is not possible to say that tamoxifen treatment can lead to the increase in plasma tissue factor levels and thereby hypercoagulability in patients with breast cancer. Further studies including more patients are needed to show the difference between two arms.
1. Harrington KJ, Bateman AR, Syrigos KN, Rintoul R, et
al. Cancer-related thromboembolic disease in patients
with solid tumors: A retrospective analysis. Ann Oncol
1997; 8: 669-673.
2. Lee AY, Levine MN. The thrombophilic state induced
by therapeutic agents in the cancer patient. Semin
Throm Hemos 1999; 25: 137-145.
3. Saphner T, Tormey DC, Gray R. Venous and arterial
thrombosis in patients who received adjuvant therapy
for breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 1991; 9: 286-294.
4. Caine YC, Bauer KA, Barzegar S, et al. Coagulation
activation following estrogen administration to
postmenopausal women. Throm Haemost 1992; 68:
392-395.
5. Kakkar AK, DeRuvo N, Chinswangwatanakul V,
Tebbutt S, Williamson RCN. Extrinsic-pathway
activation in cancer with high factor VIIa and tissue
factor. Lancet 1995; 346: 1004-1005.
6. Nijziel MR, van Oerle R, Thomassen MCLGD,
Hamulyak K, et al. Acquired resistance to activated
protein C in breast cancer patients. Thromb Haemost
82:Abstract 980, 311, 1999.
7. Fisher B, Constantino J, Wickerham L, et al. Tamoxifen
for prevention of breast cancer: Report of the National
Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project P-1 Study.
J Natl Cancer Inst 1998; 90: 1371-1388.
8. Fisher B, Constantino J, Redmond C, et al. A
randomized clinical trial evaluating tamoxifen in the
treatment of patients with node-negative breast cancer
who have estrogen-receptor-positive tumors. N Engl J
Med 1989; 320: 479-484.
9. Pritchard KI, Paterson AHG, Paul NA, et al. Increased
thromboembolic complications with concurrent
tamoxifen and chemotherapy in a randomized trial of
adjuvant therapy for women with breast cancer. J Clin
Oncol 1996; 14: 2731-2737.
10. Rivkin SE, Green S, Metch B, et al. Adjuvant CMFVP
versus tamoxifen versus concurrent CMFVP and
tamoxifen for postmenopausal, node positive, and
estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer patients. A
Southwest Oncology Group Study. J Clin Oncol 1994;
12: 2078-2085.
11. Manucci PM, Bettega D, Charntarangkul V, et al. Effect
of tamoxifen on measurement of hemostasis in healthy
women.Arch Intern Med 1996; 156: 1806-1810.
12. Auger MJ, Mackie MJ. Effects of tamoxifen on blood
coagulation. Cancer 1988; 61: 1316-1319.
13. Kappelmayer J, Bernabei L, Edmuns H, Edgington T,
Colman R. Tissue factor is expressed on monocytes
during simulated extracorporeal circulation. Circ Res
1993; 72: 1075-1081.
14. Ott I, Neumann FJ, Kenngott S, Gawaz M, et al.
Procoagulant inflammatory responses of monocytes
after direct balloon angioplasty in acute myocardial
infarction.Am J Cardiol 1998; 82: 938-942.
15. Nijziel MR, van Oerle R, Christella M, Thomassen GD,
et al. Acquired resistance to activated protein C in
breast cancer patients. Br J Haematol 2003; 120: 117-
122.
Yılmaz U, Öztop İ, Ateş H, Yaren A, Alacacıoğlu İ, Özsan H (August 1, 2004) Effects of tamoxifen on plasma tissue factor levels. Meandros Medical And Dental Journal 5 2 15–18.