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Deneysel Araştırma

Year 2010, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 49 - 56, 16.12.2010

Abstract

AMAÇ:Bu çalışmanın amacı uykunun farklı evrelerinde uygulanan işitsel uyaranlara karşı verilen yanıtlarındeğişimini irdelemektir.GEREÇ ve YÖNTEM:Çalışmaya 12 gönüllü birey alınmıştır (18-32 yaş, ort: 24.5±4.1; 2 kadın). Kayıtlar,NuAmps 40 kanallı [Elektroensefalografi (EEG), Elektrookülografi (EOG), çene Elektromyografisi (EMG)]kayıt sistemi, ses uyarı modülü, video ve Bispektral indeks (BİS) monitorizasyonu kullanılarakgerçekleştirilmiştir. Uyku kayıtları sırasında (1500 Hz, 80 dB, 500 ms) işitsel uyaranlar kulak içine (etimotik)uygulanmıştır. Sürekli EEG, EOG ve EMG verileri, Rechtschaffen ve Kales (R&K) skorlama sistemine göreuyku evrelerine ayrılmıştır. Herbir evrede [Non-REM (N1, N2, N3 ve N4) ve REM] işitsel uyarılmapotansiyelleri (İUP) incelenmiştir. Cz elektrotundan kayıtlı N100, P200, N300, P450, N550 ve P900 yanıtlarınınuyku evrelerine göre değişimi araştırılmıştır. İstatistiksel analizlerde uyku evreleri ile İUP bileşenlerinin genlikve latans ilişkileri tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA) ile incelenmiştir. İkili karşılaştırmalarda Bonferroni posthoc testi uygulanmıştır.BULGULAR:Uykunun derinleşmesi ile N100 bileşeninin küçüldüğü, N300 ve P900 bileşeninin ise büyüdüğügösterilmiştir. Dalga formlarında bulunan değişiklikler uykunun farklı evrelerinde (ve mikro evrelerde) dinamikbilgi işlemleme süreçleri olduğunu göstermektedir.SONUÇ:İşitsel uyarılma potansiyelleri, erken duyusal potansiyellerden geç işlemleme süreçlerine kadar beyinfonksiyonlarının çalışılmasında yararlı bir yöntemdir. Bu elektrofizyolojik ipuçları gelecekte uykuaraştırmalarına ve klinik uygulamalara yararlı olabilirler

References

  • Aydın H. Uyku ve Bozuklukları. HYB Basım Yayın: Ankara; 2007. 2. Yang CM, Wu CS. The effects of sleep stages and time of night on NREM sleep ERPs. Int J Psychophysiol 2007;63:87-97.
  • Chokroverty S. An overview of sleep. In: Chokroverty S, editor. Sleep disorders medicine. Basic science, technical considerations, and clinical aspects. 2nd ed. Butterworth-Heinemann, 1999:7-20.
  • Öztura İ. Polisomnografi. In: Baklan B, editor. Uyku bozuklukları. Dokuz Eylul University Journal of Medical Faculty, Izmir, 2005:7-12.
  • Aksu M. Uyku bozuklukları. In: Karakaş S, İrkeç C, İşeri E, Karakaş HM, Yüksel N, Arıkan O, Uzbay İT, Özgören M, editörler. Kognitif nörobilimler. MN Medikal &Nobel,Ankara, 2008:725-44.
  • Rechtschaffen A, Kales A. A manual of standardized terminology, techniques, and scoring system for sleep stages of human subjects. Brain information service/Brain Research Institute University of California, LosAngeles, 1968.
  • Özgören M, Kocaaslan S, Öniz A. Analysis of non- REM sleep staging with electroencephalography bispectral index. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2008;6:249-55.
  • Asyali MH, Berry RB, Khoo MCK, Altinok A. Determining a continuous marker for sleep depth. Comput Biol Med 2007;37:1600-9.
  • Hashizume Y, Kuwahara H, Uchimura N et al. Examination of accuracy of sleep stages by means of an automatic sleep analysis system 'Sleep Ukiha'. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2001;55:199-200.
  • Shirakawa S, Uchimura N, Tanaka J et al. Development and application of the 'Sleep Ukiha' automated sleep analysis system. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2000;54:274-5.
  • Nasibov E, Özgören M, Ulutagay G, Öniz A, Kocaaslan S. On the analysis of BIS stage epochs via fuzzy clustering. Biomedical Engineering, basımda.
  • Irwin M, Mascovich A, Gilun JC, Willoughby R, Pike J, Smith TL. Partial sleep deprivation reduces natural killer cell activity in humans. Psychosom Med 1994;56:493-98.
  • Peszka J, Harsh J. Effect of sleep deprivation on NREM sleep ERPs and related activity at sleep onset. Int J Psychophysiol 2002;46:27586.
  • Ferreira C, Deslandes A, Moraes H, Cagy M, Pompeu F, B a s i l e L F, P i e d a d e R , R i b e i r o P. Electroencephalographic changes after one night of sleep deprivation. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2006;64(2- B):388-93.
  • Szelenberger W, Piotrowski T, DbrowskaAJ. Increased prefrontal event-related current density after sleep deprivation.Acta Neurobiol Exp 2005;65:19-28.
  • Kocaaslan S, Öniz A, Özgören M. Bispektral indeks ışığında uyku elektrofizyolojisi. basımda.
  • Bastuji H, Garcia-Larrea L. Evoked potentials as a tool for the investigation of human sleep. Sleep Med Rev 1999;3:23-45.
  • Colrain IM, Di Parsia P, Gora J. The impact of prestimulus EEG frequency on auditory evoked potentials during sleep onset. Can J Exp Psychol 2000;54:243-54.
  • Karakaş S, Arıkan O, Çakmak ED, Bekçi B, Doğutepe E, Tüfekçi İ. Early gamma response of sleep is sensory /perceptual in origin. Int J Psychophysiol 2006;62:152- 67.
  • Karakaş S, Bekçi B, Çakmak ED, Erzengin ÖU, Aydın H. Information processing in sleep based on event- related activities of the brain. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2007;5:28-39.
  • Atienza M, Cantero JL, Escera C.Auditory information processing during human sleep as revealed by event related brain potentials. Clin Neurophysiol 2001;112:2031-45.
  • Loveless NE, Brunia CMH. Effects of rise-time on late components of the auditory evoked potential. J Psychophysiol 1990;4:369-80.
  • Bastuji H, Garcia-Larrea L, Franc C, Mauguiere F. Brain processing of stimulus deviance during slow- wave and paradoxical sleep:Astudy of human auditory evoked responses using the oddball paradigm. J Clin Neurophysiol 1995;12:155-67.
  • Cote KA, Campbell KB. P300 to high intensity stimuli during REM sleep. Clin Neurophysiol 1999;110:1345- 50.
  • Colrain IM, Campbell KB. The use of evoked potentials in sleep research. Sleep Med Rev 2007; 11: 277-93.
  • Atienza M, Cantero JL, Quiroga RQ. Precise timing accounts for posttraining sleep-dependent enhancements of the auditory mismatch negativity. NeuroImage 2005;26:628-34.
  • Atienza M, Cantero JL, Elena-Marin D. Mismatch negativity (MMN): An objective measure of memory and long-lasting memories during sleep sensory. Int J Psychophysiol 2002;46:215-25.
  • Atienza M, Cantero JL, Gomez CM. The mismatch negativity component reveals the sensory memory during REM sleep in humans. Neurosci Lett 1997;237:21-4.
  • Escera C, Alho K, Schröger E, Winkler I. Involuntary attention and distractibility as evaluated with event- related brain potentials. Audiol Neurootol 2000;5:151- 66.
  • Loewy DH, Campbell KB, de Lugt DR, Elton M, Kok A. The mismatch negativity during natural sleep: Intensity deviants. Clin Neurophysiol 2000;111:863- 72.
  • Altuntaş EE, Özüdoğru EN, Çaklı H. Horlama tedavisinde radyofrekans uygulama yeri sayısının tedavi başarısına etkinliğinin araştırılması. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi 2009;10(2):11-4.
  • Atay T. Yaşlılıkta uyku. Turkiye Klinikleri J Int Med Sci 2001;2(2):91-7.
  • Baklan B. Narcolepsy-cataplexy. Turkiye Klinikleri J Int Med Sci 2007;3(26):19-26.
  • Değirmenci E, Bir LS, Öncel Ç. Unilateral thalamodiencephalic syndrome presenting with severe hypersomnia. J Neurol Sci Turk 2008;25(3):196-99.
  • Alemdar M, İşeri P, Kamacı Ş, Efendi H, Budak F, Komsuoğlu SŞ. Risk factors and seasonal-diurinal variatons in lacunar infarctions. J Neurol Sci Turk 2006;23(2):124-28.
  • Bayazıt O, Öniz A, Hahn C, Güntürkün O, Özgören M. Dichotic listening revisited: Trial-by-trial ERP analyses reveal intra- and interhemispheric differences. Neuropsychologia 2009;47(2):536-45.
  • ÖnizA, Güdücü C,Aydin B, Özgören M. Event-related delta and theta responses by tactile stimuli. J Neurol Sci Turk 2008:25(2);117-27.
  • de Lugt DR, Loewy DH, Campbell KB. The effect of sleep onset on event related potentials with rapid rates of stimulus presentation. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1996;98:484-92.
  • Bastien C, Campbell K. The evoked K-complex: All or none phenomenon? Sleep 1992;15:236-45. YAZIŞMA ADRESİ E-Posta
  • :murat.ozgoren@deu.edu.tr
  • Geliş Tarihi :29.12.2009
  • Kabul Tarihi :26.04.2010

Auditory Evoked Potentials in Sleep

Year 2010, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 49 - 56, 16.12.2010

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study is to investigate the responses to auditory stimulations during different sleep stages. MATERIALS and METHODS: Twelve subjects (mean age: 24.5±4.1; 2 female) participated in the study. Data collection was performed with 40 channel NuAmps [Electroencephalography (EEG), electrooculography (EOG), chin electromyography (EMG)] recording system, auditory stimulation unit, video and Bispectral Index (BIS) monitorization. The records were scored according to Rechtschaffen and Kales (R&K) scoring system. Auditory evoked potentials (AEP) were analyzed in each sleep stage [Non-REM (N1, N2, N3 and N4) and REM]. N100, P200, N300, P450, N550 and P900 (P750) components were examined in Cz electrode. One-wayANOVA was applied to compare amplitudes and latencies of AEP components in different sleep stages. Post-hoc comparisons were conducted with Bonferroni method. RESULTS: The results showed that by deepening of sleep N100 decreased, N300 and P900 increased. The changes and interactions in the waveforms pointed at a dynamic information processing in the brain throughout different stages (and also microstates) of sleep. CONCLUSION: The auditory stimulations serve as a plausible study method providing a scope for brain functioning from early sensory potentials to very late processes (as late as 900 ms post-stimulus). These electrophysiological hints may be utilized for future sleep research studies as well as clinical applications.

References

  • Aydın H. Uyku ve Bozuklukları. HYB Basım Yayın: Ankara; 2007. 2. Yang CM, Wu CS. The effects of sleep stages and time of night on NREM sleep ERPs. Int J Psychophysiol 2007;63:87-97.
  • Chokroverty S. An overview of sleep. In: Chokroverty S, editor. Sleep disorders medicine. Basic science, technical considerations, and clinical aspects. 2nd ed. Butterworth-Heinemann, 1999:7-20.
  • Öztura İ. Polisomnografi. In: Baklan B, editor. Uyku bozuklukları. Dokuz Eylul University Journal of Medical Faculty, Izmir, 2005:7-12.
  • Aksu M. Uyku bozuklukları. In: Karakaş S, İrkeç C, İşeri E, Karakaş HM, Yüksel N, Arıkan O, Uzbay İT, Özgören M, editörler. Kognitif nörobilimler. MN Medikal &Nobel,Ankara, 2008:725-44.
  • Rechtschaffen A, Kales A. A manual of standardized terminology, techniques, and scoring system for sleep stages of human subjects. Brain information service/Brain Research Institute University of California, LosAngeles, 1968.
  • Özgören M, Kocaaslan S, Öniz A. Analysis of non- REM sleep staging with electroencephalography bispectral index. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2008;6:249-55.
  • Asyali MH, Berry RB, Khoo MCK, Altinok A. Determining a continuous marker for sleep depth. Comput Biol Med 2007;37:1600-9.
  • Hashizume Y, Kuwahara H, Uchimura N et al. Examination of accuracy of sleep stages by means of an automatic sleep analysis system 'Sleep Ukiha'. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2001;55:199-200.
  • Shirakawa S, Uchimura N, Tanaka J et al. Development and application of the 'Sleep Ukiha' automated sleep analysis system. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2000;54:274-5.
  • Nasibov E, Özgören M, Ulutagay G, Öniz A, Kocaaslan S. On the analysis of BIS stage epochs via fuzzy clustering. Biomedical Engineering, basımda.
  • Irwin M, Mascovich A, Gilun JC, Willoughby R, Pike J, Smith TL. Partial sleep deprivation reduces natural killer cell activity in humans. Psychosom Med 1994;56:493-98.
  • Peszka J, Harsh J. Effect of sleep deprivation on NREM sleep ERPs and related activity at sleep onset. Int J Psychophysiol 2002;46:27586.
  • Ferreira C, Deslandes A, Moraes H, Cagy M, Pompeu F, B a s i l e L F, P i e d a d e R , R i b e i r o P. Electroencephalographic changes after one night of sleep deprivation. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2006;64(2- B):388-93.
  • Szelenberger W, Piotrowski T, DbrowskaAJ. Increased prefrontal event-related current density after sleep deprivation.Acta Neurobiol Exp 2005;65:19-28.
  • Kocaaslan S, Öniz A, Özgören M. Bispektral indeks ışığında uyku elektrofizyolojisi. basımda.
  • Bastuji H, Garcia-Larrea L. Evoked potentials as a tool for the investigation of human sleep. Sleep Med Rev 1999;3:23-45.
  • Colrain IM, Di Parsia P, Gora J. The impact of prestimulus EEG frequency on auditory evoked potentials during sleep onset. Can J Exp Psychol 2000;54:243-54.
  • Karakaş S, Arıkan O, Çakmak ED, Bekçi B, Doğutepe E, Tüfekçi İ. Early gamma response of sleep is sensory /perceptual in origin. Int J Psychophysiol 2006;62:152- 67.
  • Karakaş S, Bekçi B, Çakmak ED, Erzengin ÖU, Aydın H. Information processing in sleep based on event- related activities of the brain. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2007;5:28-39.
  • Atienza M, Cantero JL, Escera C.Auditory information processing during human sleep as revealed by event related brain potentials. Clin Neurophysiol 2001;112:2031-45.
  • Loveless NE, Brunia CMH. Effects of rise-time on late components of the auditory evoked potential. J Psychophysiol 1990;4:369-80.
  • Bastuji H, Garcia-Larrea L, Franc C, Mauguiere F. Brain processing of stimulus deviance during slow- wave and paradoxical sleep:Astudy of human auditory evoked responses using the oddball paradigm. J Clin Neurophysiol 1995;12:155-67.
  • Cote KA, Campbell KB. P300 to high intensity stimuli during REM sleep. Clin Neurophysiol 1999;110:1345- 50.
  • Colrain IM, Campbell KB. The use of evoked potentials in sleep research. Sleep Med Rev 2007; 11: 277-93.
  • Atienza M, Cantero JL, Quiroga RQ. Precise timing accounts for posttraining sleep-dependent enhancements of the auditory mismatch negativity. NeuroImage 2005;26:628-34.
  • Atienza M, Cantero JL, Elena-Marin D. Mismatch negativity (MMN): An objective measure of memory and long-lasting memories during sleep sensory. Int J Psychophysiol 2002;46:215-25.
  • Atienza M, Cantero JL, Gomez CM. The mismatch negativity component reveals the sensory memory during REM sleep in humans. Neurosci Lett 1997;237:21-4.
  • Escera C, Alho K, Schröger E, Winkler I. Involuntary attention and distractibility as evaluated with event- related brain potentials. Audiol Neurootol 2000;5:151- 66.
  • Loewy DH, Campbell KB, de Lugt DR, Elton M, Kok A. The mismatch negativity during natural sleep: Intensity deviants. Clin Neurophysiol 2000;111:863- 72.
  • Altuntaş EE, Özüdoğru EN, Çaklı H. Horlama tedavisinde radyofrekans uygulama yeri sayısının tedavi başarısına etkinliğinin araştırılması. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi 2009;10(2):11-4.
  • Atay T. Yaşlılıkta uyku. Turkiye Klinikleri J Int Med Sci 2001;2(2):91-7.
  • Baklan B. Narcolepsy-cataplexy. Turkiye Klinikleri J Int Med Sci 2007;3(26):19-26.
  • Değirmenci E, Bir LS, Öncel Ç. Unilateral thalamodiencephalic syndrome presenting with severe hypersomnia. J Neurol Sci Turk 2008;25(3):196-99.
  • Alemdar M, İşeri P, Kamacı Ş, Efendi H, Budak F, Komsuoğlu SŞ. Risk factors and seasonal-diurinal variatons in lacunar infarctions. J Neurol Sci Turk 2006;23(2):124-28.
  • Bayazıt O, Öniz A, Hahn C, Güntürkün O, Özgören M. Dichotic listening revisited: Trial-by-trial ERP analyses reveal intra- and interhemispheric differences. Neuropsychologia 2009;47(2):536-45.
  • ÖnizA, Güdücü C,Aydin B, Özgören M. Event-related delta and theta responses by tactile stimuli. J Neurol Sci Turk 2008:25(2);117-27.
  • de Lugt DR, Loewy DH, Campbell KB. The effect of sleep onset on event related potentials with rapid rates of stimulus presentation. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1996;98:484-92.
  • Bastien C, Campbell K. The evoked K-complex: All or none phenomenon? Sleep 1992;15:236-45. YAZIŞMA ADRESİ E-Posta
  • :murat.ozgoren@deu.edu.tr
  • Geliş Tarihi :29.12.2009
  • Kabul Tarihi :26.04.2010
There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA75HG52KP
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Sibel Kocaaslan This is me

Adile Önız This is me

Murat Özgören This is me

Publication Date December 16, 2010
Published in Issue Year 2010 Volume: 11 Issue: 3

Cite

EndNote Kocaaslan S, Önız A, Özgören M (December 1, 2010) Auditory Evoked Potentials in Sleep. Meandros Medical And Dental Journal 11 3 49–56.