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TEK SEFERLİK SİGARA İÇİMİNİN TİROİD FONKSİYONLARINA ve TİROİD ANTİKORLARINA ETKİSİ

Year 2011, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 23 - 27, 01.08.2011

Abstract

AMAÇ:Sigara içiminin tiroid fonksiyonları üzerine pek çok farklı etkisi vardır. Ancak insanlarda akut tek dozsigara içiminin serum tiroid hormon ve antikor seviyelerine etkisi olup olmadığı hakkında literatür bilgisi yoktur.Bu çalışmada amaç ötiroid hasta grubunda tek sefer sigara içiminin serum serbest Triiodotironin (sT3), serbestTiroksin (sT4), Tiriot stimülan hormon (TSH) düzeyi ile serum Anti-tiroglobulin antikor (anti Tg) ve Anti-tiroidperoksidaz antikor (anti TPO) düzeylerine etkisini belirlemekti.GEREÇ veYÖNTEM:Çalışmaya ultrasonografik, biyokimyasal tetkikler ile sT3, sT4 ve TSH değerleri normalsınırlarda olan; 24'ü kadın, 7'si erkek 31 hasta dahil edildi. Bu hastaların 21'inin kronik sigara kullanım öyküsüvarken 10'i hiç sigara kullanmamıştı. Çalışma grubunda yer alan gönüllülerden sigara öncesi ve tek sefer sigaraiçimi sonrası sT3, sT4, TSH, anti Tg ve anti TPO düzeyleri için kan alındı.BULGULAR:Sigara içen ve içmeyen gruplarda kendi grupları içinde başlangıç ve sigara sonrası tiroid hormondüzeyleri ve antikor ölçüm değerleri arasında anlamlı farklılık bulunmamıştır (p>0.5). Sigara içen hastalarıniçmeyen hastalara göre başlangıç ve sigara sonrası anti TPO değerlerinin yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Tek dozsigara içimi öncesi anti TPO değerleri sigara içen ve içmeyen grup arasında anlamlı olarak farklıdır (p<0.04). Tekdoz sigara içimi sonrası da anti TPO değerleri farklıdır (p<0.01). Ancak anti Tg değerlerinde istatistiksel olarakfarklılık bulunmamıştır (p>0.5).SONUÇ:Tiroid fonksiyonları üzerine sigara içiminin etkileri hakkındaki görüşler tartışmalıdır. Elde ettiğimizbulgular neticesinde; (i) ötiroid sigara içen hasta grubunda anti TPO değerleri sigara içmeyenlere göre, hemsigara öncesi hem de sonrası yüksek bulunmuştur. Anti TPO, anti Tg'e göre otoimmun tiroid hastalığının hassasbir göstergesidir ve yüksek olması tiroid bezinde henüz yıkım sürecinin başlamadığına işaret etmektedir. (ii) Teksefer sigara içiminin tiroid hormon düzeylerine, anti Tg ve anti TPO ölçüm değerlerine etkisi saptanmamıştır

References

  • 1. Karakaya A, Tuncel N, Alptuna G, Kocer Z, Erbay G. Influence of cigarette smoking on thyroid hormone levels. Hum Toxicol 1987;6:507-9.
  • 2. Fisher CL, Mannino DM, Herman WH, Frumkin H. Cigarette smoking and thyroid hormone levels in males. Int J Epidemiol 1997;26:972-7.
  • 3. Utiger RD. Effects of smoking on thyroid function. Eur J Endocrinol 1998;138:368-9.
  • 4. Cryer PE, Haymond MW, Santiago JV, Shah SD. Norepinephrine and epinephrine release and adrenergic mediation of smoking-associated hemodynamic and metabolic events. N Engl J Med 1976;295:573-7.
  • 5. Dwoskin LP, Crooks PA, Teng L, Green TA, Bardo MT. Acute and chronic effects of nornicotine on locomotor activity in rats: altered response to nicotine. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1999;145:442-51.
  • 6. Benowitz NL, Jacob P 3rd. Individual differences in nicotine kinetics and metabolism in humans. NIDARes Monogr 1997;173:48-64.
  • 7. Bertelsen JB, Hegedus L. Cigarette smoking and the thyroid. Thyroid 1994;4:327-31.
  • 8. Ericsson UB, Lindgarde F. Effects of cigarette smoking on thyroid function and the prevalence of goitre, thyrotoxicosis and autoimmune thyroiditis. J Intern Med 1991;229:67-71.
  • 9. Hegedüs L, Karstrup S, Veiergang D, et al. High frequency of goitre in cigarette smokers. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1985;22:287-92.
  • 10. Young JB, Bürgi-Saville ME, Bürgi U, Landsberg L.Sympathetic nervous system activity in rat thyroid: potential role in goitrogenesis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2005;288:E861-7.
  • 11. Colzani R, Fang SL, Alex S, Braverman LE. The effect of nicotine on thyroid function in rats. Metabolism 1998;47:154-7.
  • 12. Cam GR, Bassett JR. The effect of acute nicotine administration on plasma levels of the thyroid hormones and corticosterone in the rat. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1983;19:559-61.
  • 13. Fuxe K, Andersson K, Eneroth P, Härfstrand A, Agnati LF. Neuroendocrine actions of nicotine and of exposure to cigarette smoke: medical implications. Psychoneuroendocrinology 1989;14:19-41
  • 14. Hollowell JG, Staehling NW, Flanders WD, et al. Serum TSH, T(4), and thyroid antibodies in the United States population (1988 to 1994): National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002;87:489-99
  • 15.Erdoğan MF, Atli T, Ekinci C, Genç Y, Gökmen H,Erdoğan G Orta Derecede İyot eksikliği olan birbölgede yaşayan yaşlılardaki tiroid hastalıkları spektrumu ve prevelansı. Türk Geriatri Dergisi 2002;5:49-53.
  • 16. Bülow Pedersen I, Laurberg P, Knudsen N, et al. A population study of the association between thyroid autoantibodies in serum and abnormalities in thyroid function and structure. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2005;62:713-20.
  • 17.Kuruş M, Söğütlü G, Fırat Y, Eşrefoğlu M, Yoloğlu S,Öztürk F, Otlu A Sigara dumanına maruz kalmışsıçanların tiroid dokusunda görülen histopatolojik değişiklikler ve resveratrolün bu değişikliklere etkisi.Türkiye Klinikleri Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi 2009;29:1183-1190.
  • 18. Strieder TG, Prummel MF, Tijssen JG, Endert E, Wiersinga WM. Risk factors for and prevalence of thyroid disorders in a cross-sectional study among healthy female relatives of patients with autoimmune thyroid disease. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2003;59:396- 401.
  • 19. Belin RM, Astor BC, Powe NR, Ladenson PW. Smoke exposure is associated with a lower prevalence of serum thyroid autoantibodies and thyrotropin concentration elevation and a higher prevalence of mild thyrotropin concentration suppression in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:6077-86.
  • 20. Nystrom E, Bengtsson C, Lapidus L, Petersen K, Lindstedt G. Smoking-a risk factor for hypothyroidism. J Endocrinol Invest 1993;16:129-31.
  • 21. Utiger RD. Cigarette smoking and the thyroid. N Engl J Med 1995;333:1001-2.
  • 22. Muller B, Zulewski H, Huber P, Ratcliffe JG, Staub JJ. Impaired action of thyroid hormone associated with smoking in women with hypothyroidism. N Engl J Med 1995;333:964-9.
  • 23. Knudsen N, Bülow I, Laurberg P, Perrild H, Ovesen L, Jørgensen T. High occurrence of thyroid multinodularity and low occurrence of subclinical hypothyroidism among tobacco smokers in a large population study. J Endocrinol 2002;175:571-6.
  • 24. Galanti MR, Cnattingius S, Granath F, Ekbom-Schnell A, Ekbom A. Smoking and environmental iodine as risk factors for thyroiditis among parous women. Eur J Epidemiol 2007;22:467-72.
  • 25. Asvold BO, Bjøro T, Nilsen TI, Vatten LJ. Tobacco smoking and thyroid function: a population-based study.Arch Intern Med 2007;167(13):1428-32.
  • 26. Sepkovic DW, Haley NJ, Wynder EL. Thyroid activity in cigarette smokers.Arch Intern Med 1984;144:501-3.
  • 27. Gülcü F, Polat SA, Gürsu MF.Aşırısigara kullanımının tiroid fonksiyon testleri ile eser element düzeylerine etkileri. T Klin Tıp Bilimleri 2003;23:386-391.
  • 28. Kapoor D, Jones TH. Smoking and hormones in health and endocrine disorders. Eur J Endocrinol 2005;152:491-9.

The Effect of Single Dose Smoking on Function and Autoantibody Levels Against Thyroid

Year 2011, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 23 - 27, 01.08.2011

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: Cigarette smoking has multiple different effects on thyroid function. However, there is no literature data whether acute one dose cigarette smoking effect on the thyroid hormone and antibody levels. The aim of this study was to effect of one dose smoking on serum free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4), thyrotropin (TSH) and thyroid autoantibody levels in euthyroid patient population. MATERIALS and METHODS: We studied 31 euthyroid patients, 24 women and 7 men. Of these patients, 21 were ex-smokers, and 10 were non-smokers. Serum fT3, fT4, TSH and thyroid autoantibody levels were examined pre- and post-one dose cigarette smoking in each patient. RESULTS: Between ex-smokers and non-smokers groups, thyroid hormone and autoantibodies levels were not effect one dose smoking significantly (p>0.5). In ex-smokers, antithyroid peroxidase antiboy were higher than in non-smokers, and there was significant difference between ex-and non-smokers in pre- or post-smoking (p<0.04). In ex-smokers, antithyroid peroxidase antibody was significantly different after single dose smoking (p<0.01). But in ex-and non-smokers, there was no significant difference antithyroglobulin antibody at pre-and post-smoking (p>0.5). CONCLUSION: The association between smoking and thyroid abnormalities is controversial. (i) Significant higher antithyroid peroxidase antiboy with normal levels of antithyroglobulin antibody in ex-smokers concluded that smoking habit increase tendency of autoimmune thyroid disease. Therefore this elevation point out that there was no destruction in thyroid tissue yet. (ii) On the other hand, our findings concluded that one dose cigarette smoking was not effect on thyroid hormone and autoantibody levels.

References

  • 1. Karakaya A, Tuncel N, Alptuna G, Kocer Z, Erbay G. Influence of cigarette smoking on thyroid hormone levels. Hum Toxicol 1987;6:507-9.
  • 2. Fisher CL, Mannino DM, Herman WH, Frumkin H. Cigarette smoking and thyroid hormone levels in males. Int J Epidemiol 1997;26:972-7.
  • 3. Utiger RD. Effects of smoking on thyroid function. Eur J Endocrinol 1998;138:368-9.
  • 4. Cryer PE, Haymond MW, Santiago JV, Shah SD. Norepinephrine and epinephrine release and adrenergic mediation of smoking-associated hemodynamic and metabolic events. N Engl J Med 1976;295:573-7.
  • 5. Dwoskin LP, Crooks PA, Teng L, Green TA, Bardo MT. Acute and chronic effects of nornicotine on locomotor activity in rats: altered response to nicotine. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1999;145:442-51.
  • 6. Benowitz NL, Jacob P 3rd. Individual differences in nicotine kinetics and metabolism in humans. NIDARes Monogr 1997;173:48-64.
  • 7. Bertelsen JB, Hegedus L. Cigarette smoking and the thyroid. Thyroid 1994;4:327-31.
  • 8. Ericsson UB, Lindgarde F. Effects of cigarette smoking on thyroid function and the prevalence of goitre, thyrotoxicosis and autoimmune thyroiditis. J Intern Med 1991;229:67-71.
  • 9. Hegedüs L, Karstrup S, Veiergang D, et al. High frequency of goitre in cigarette smokers. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1985;22:287-92.
  • 10. Young JB, Bürgi-Saville ME, Bürgi U, Landsberg L.Sympathetic nervous system activity in rat thyroid: potential role in goitrogenesis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2005;288:E861-7.
  • 11. Colzani R, Fang SL, Alex S, Braverman LE. The effect of nicotine on thyroid function in rats. Metabolism 1998;47:154-7.
  • 12. Cam GR, Bassett JR. The effect of acute nicotine administration on plasma levels of the thyroid hormones and corticosterone in the rat. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1983;19:559-61.
  • 13. Fuxe K, Andersson K, Eneroth P, Härfstrand A, Agnati LF. Neuroendocrine actions of nicotine and of exposure to cigarette smoke: medical implications. Psychoneuroendocrinology 1989;14:19-41
  • 14. Hollowell JG, Staehling NW, Flanders WD, et al. Serum TSH, T(4), and thyroid antibodies in the United States population (1988 to 1994): National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002;87:489-99
  • 15.Erdoğan MF, Atli T, Ekinci C, Genç Y, Gökmen H,Erdoğan G Orta Derecede İyot eksikliği olan birbölgede yaşayan yaşlılardaki tiroid hastalıkları spektrumu ve prevelansı. Türk Geriatri Dergisi 2002;5:49-53.
  • 16. Bülow Pedersen I, Laurberg P, Knudsen N, et al. A population study of the association between thyroid autoantibodies in serum and abnormalities in thyroid function and structure. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2005;62:713-20.
  • 17.Kuruş M, Söğütlü G, Fırat Y, Eşrefoğlu M, Yoloğlu S,Öztürk F, Otlu A Sigara dumanına maruz kalmışsıçanların tiroid dokusunda görülen histopatolojik değişiklikler ve resveratrolün bu değişikliklere etkisi.Türkiye Klinikleri Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi 2009;29:1183-1190.
  • 18. Strieder TG, Prummel MF, Tijssen JG, Endert E, Wiersinga WM. Risk factors for and prevalence of thyroid disorders in a cross-sectional study among healthy female relatives of patients with autoimmune thyroid disease. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2003;59:396- 401.
  • 19. Belin RM, Astor BC, Powe NR, Ladenson PW. Smoke exposure is associated with a lower prevalence of serum thyroid autoantibodies and thyrotropin concentration elevation and a higher prevalence of mild thyrotropin concentration suppression in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:6077-86.
  • 20. Nystrom E, Bengtsson C, Lapidus L, Petersen K, Lindstedt G. Smoking-a risk factor for hypothyroidism. J Endocrinol Invest 1993;16:129-31.
  • 21. Utiger RD. Cigarette smoking and the thyroid. N Engl J Med 1995;333:1001-2.
  • 22. Muller B, Zulewski H, Huber P, Ratcliffe JG, Staub JJ. Impaired action of thyroid hormone associated with smoking in women with hypothyroidism. N Engl J Med 1995;333:964-9.
  • 23. Knudsen N, Bülow I, Laurberg P, Perrild H, Ovesen L, Jørgensen T. High occurrence of thyroid multinodularity and low occurrence of subclinical hypothyroidism among tobacco smokers in a large population study. J Endocrinol 2002;175:571-6.
  • 24. Galanti MR, Cnattingius S, Granath F, Ekbom-Schnell A, Ekbom A. Smoking and environmental iodine as risk factors for thyroiditis among parous women. Eur J Epidemiol 2007;22:467-72.
  • 25. Asvold BO, Bjøro T, Nilsen TI, Vatten LJ. Tobacco smoking and thyroid function: a population-based study.Arch Intern Med 2007;167(13):1428-32.
  • 26. Sepkovic DW, Haley NJ, Wynder EL. Thyroid activity in cigarette smokers.Arch Intern Med 1984;144:501-3.
  • 27. Gülcü F, Polat SA, Gürsu MF.Aşırısigara kullanımının tiroid fonksiyon testleri ile eser element düzeylerine etkileri. T Klin Tıp Bilimleri 2003;23:386-391.
  • 28. Kapoor D, Jones TH. Smoking and hormones in health and endocrine disorders. Eur J Endocrinol 2005;152:491-9.
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA58NE58YC
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Funda Üstün This is me

Gülay Durmuş Altun This is me

Deniz Bedel This is me

Şükran Çiftçi This is me

Ömer Necmi Yiğitbaşı This is me

Şakir Berkarda This is me

Publication Date August 1, 2011
Published in Issue Year 2011 Volume: 12 Issue: 2

Cite

EndNote Üstün F, Altun GD, Bedel D, Çiftçi Ş, Yiğitbaşı ÖN, Berkarda Ş (August 1, 2011) The Effect of Single Dose Smoking on Function and Autoantibody Levels Against Thyroid. Meandros Medical And Dental Journal 12 2 23–27.