Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Alteration of Sublingual Gland after Exposure to 6-Mercaptopurine in Male Rat: Potential Efficacy of Propolis

Year 2024, Volume: 25 Issue: 1, 12 - 18, 05.07.2024
https://doi.org/10.69601/meandrosmdj.1491717

Abstract

Objective: Chemotherapeutic drugs not only have a therapeutic effect, but also cause serious damage to healthy organs. In this study, we investigated on the possible efficacy of propolis (PS) on the sublingual gland tissues exposed to 6-mercaptopurine (6MR) in male rats.

Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight Wistar albino rats were allocated to four groups: control (KON), PS, 6MR, 6MR+PS. At 12 days of trial, sublingual glands of all rats were immediately dissected and analysed using the stereological technique and histological examination.

Results: Our findings revealed a significant increase in the total volume of stroma and significant decrease in the total volume of the total volumes of mucous acini, straited ducts, interlobular ducts, and intralobular ducts in the 6MR group than the KON group (p<0.05). A significant decrease was also found in the mucous cell number and the serous cell number in the 6MR group than the KON group (p<0.05). In the 6MR+PS group, we observed that the total volume of stroma, as well as the mucous cell number and the serous cell number were increased compared to the 6MR group (p<0.05). Besides, the total volumes of mucous acini, straited ducts, interlobular ducts, and intralobular ducts were significantly increased in the 6MR+PS group than the 6MR group (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Our results showed that 6MR treatment caused toxicity in sublingual gland tissues, as well as PS application improved such changes in sublingual glands exposed to 6MR.

References

  • El-Sabagh ME, Ramadan KS, El-slam IMA, Ibrahim AM. Antioxidants Status in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patients. 2011;1(1):1-6.
  • Schmiegelow K, Nielsen SN, Frandsen TL, Nersting J. Mercaptopurine/Methotrexate maintenance therapy of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: clinical facts and fiction. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2014;36(7):503-17.
  • Bradford K, Shih DQ. Optimizing 6-mercaptopurine and azathioprine therapy in the management of inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol. 2011;17(37):4166-73.
  • Karran P. Thiopurines, DNA damage, DNA repair and therapy-related cancer. Br Med Bull. 2006;79-80:153-70.
  • Gaynon PS. Mercaptopurine in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Lancet Oncol. 2017;18(4):425-6.
  • Xie C, Yue LJ, Ding H, Ren YF, Yang CL, Zheng MM. [Correlations between 6-mercaptopurine treatment-related adverse reactions in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and polymorphisms of thiopurine methyltransferase gene]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi. 2014;16(5):499-503.
  • Tulumen T, Ayata A, Ozen M, Sutcu R, Canatan D. The protective effect of Capparis ovata on 6-mercaptopurine-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in rats. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2015;37(4):290-4.
  • Laaroussi H, Bakour M, Ousaaid D, Aboulghazi A, Ferreira-Santos P, Genisheva Z, et al. Effect of antioxidant-rich propolis and bee pollen extracts against D-glucose induced type 2 diabetes in rats. Food Res Int. 2020;138(Pt B):109802.
  • Pasupuleti VR, Sammugam L, Ramesh N, Gan SH. Honey, Propolis, and Royal Jelly: A Comprehensive Review of Their Biological Actions and Health Benefits. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2017;2017:1259510.
  • Abdelbaky NW, Abdelazem AZ, Hashem KS. Thymoquinone Attenuates 6-Mercaptopurine Induced Testicular Toxicity in Albino Rats: Possible Mechanisms are Involved. Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences. 2020;8(6):653-60.
  • Swamy M, Suhaili D, Sirajudeen KN, Mustapha Z, Govindasamy C. Propolis ameliorates tumor nerosis factor-alpha, nitric oxide levels, caspase-3 and nitric oxide synthase activities in kainic acid mediated excitotoxicity in rat brain. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2014;11(5):48-53.
  • Aktas I, Yahyazadeh A. Protective potential of misoprostol against kidney alteration via alleviating oxidative stress in rat following exposure to paclitaxel. Tissue Cell. 2022;79:101966.
  • Tufek NH, Yahyazadeh A, Altunkaynak BZ. Protective effect of indole-3-carbinol on testis of a high fat diet induced obesity. Biotech Histochem. 2023;98(1):1-12.
  • Kamojjala R, Bostrom B. Allopurinol to Prevent Mercaptopurine Adverse Effects in Children and Young Adults With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2021;43(3):95-100.
  • Birben E, Sahiner UM, Sackesen C, Erzurum S, Kalayci O. Oxidative stress and antioxidant defense. World Allergy Organ J. 2012;5(1):9-19.
  • He P, Talukder MAH, Gao F. Oxidative Stress and Microvessel Barrier Dysfunction. Front Physiol. 2020;11:472.
  • Zhu L, He P. fMLP-stimulated release of reactive oxygen species from adherent leukocytes increases microvessel permeability. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2006;290(1):H365-72.
  • Unsal V, Cicek M, Sabancilar I. Toxicity of carbon tetrachloride, free radicals and role of antioxidants. Rev Environ Health. 2021;36(2):279-95.
  • Hanukoglu I. Antioxidant protective mechanisms against reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by mitochondrial P450 systems in steroidogenic cells. Drug Metab Rev. 2006;38(1-2):171-96.
  • Hasegawa M, Wilson G, Russell LD, Meistrich ML. Radiation-induced cell death in the mouse testis: relationship to apoptosis. Radiat Res. 1997;147(4):457-67.
  • Govindappa PK, Joladarashi D, Hallur RLS, Sanganal JS, Phani AR. Toxicity evaluation of 6-mercaptopurine-Chitosan nanoparticles in rats. Saudi Pharm J. 2020;28(1):147-54.
  • Xuan H, Li Z, Yan H, Sang Q, Wang K, He Q, et al. Antitumor Activity of Chinese Propolis in Human Breast Cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 Cells. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2014;2014:280120.
  • Demir S, Aliyazicioglu Y, Turan I, Misir S, Mentese A, Yaman SO, et al. Antiproliferative and proapoptotic activity of Turkish propolis on human lung cancer cell line. Nutr Cancer. 2016;68(1):165-72.
  • Soleimani D, Miryan M, Hadi V, Gholizadeh Navashenaq J, Moludi J, Sayedi SM, et al. Effect of propolis supplementation on athletic performance, body composition, inflammation, and oxidative stress following intense exercise: A triple-blind randomized clinical trial. Food Sci Nutr. 2021;9(7):3631-40.
Year 2024, Volume: 25 Issue: 1, 12 - 18, 05.07.2024
https://doi.org/10.69601/meandrosmdj.1491717

Abstract

References

  • El-Sabagh ME, Ramadan KS, El-slam IMA, Ibrahim AM. Antioxidants Status in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patients. 2011;1(1):1-6.
  • Schmiegelow K, Nielsen SN, Frandsen TL, Nersting J. Mercaptopurine/Methotrexate maintenance therapy of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: clinical facts and fiction. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2014;36(7):503-17.
  • Bradford K, Shih DQ. Optimizing 6-mercaptopurine and azathioprine therapy in the management of inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol. 2011;17(37):4166-73.
  • Karran P. Thiopurines, DNA damage, DNA repair and therapy-related cancer. Br Med Bull. 2006;79-80:153-70.
  • Gaynon PS. Mercaptopurine in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Lancet Oncol. 2017;18(4):425-6.
  • Xie C, Yue LJ, Ding H, Ren YF, Yang CL, Zheng MM. [Correlations between 6-mercaptopurine treatment-related adverse reactions in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and polymorphisms of thiopurine methyltransferase gene]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi. 2014;16(5):499-503.
  • Tulumen T, Ayata A, Ozen M, Sutcu R, Canatan D. The protective effect of Capparis ovata on 6-mercaptopurine-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in rats. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2015;37(4):290-4.
  • Laaroussi H, Bakour M, Ousaaid D, Aboulghazi A, Ferreira-Santos P, Genisheva Z, et al. Effect of antioxidant-rich propolis and bee pollen extracts against D-glucose induced type 2 diabetes in rats. Food Res Int. 2020;138(Pt B):109802.
  • Pasupuleti VR, Sammugam L, Ramesh N, Gan SH. Honey, Propolis, and Royal Jelly: A Comprehensive Review of Their Biological Actions and Health Benefits. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2017;2017:1259510.
  • Abdelbaky NW, Abdelazem AZ, Hashem KS. Thymoquinone Attenuates 6-Mercaptopurine Induced Testicular Toxicity in Albino Rats: Possible Mechanisms are Involved. Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences. 2020;8(6):653-60.
  • Swamy M, Suhaili D, Sirajudeen KN, Mustapha Z, Govindasamy C. Propolis ameliorates tumor nerosis factor-alpha, nitric oxide levels, caspase-3 and nitric oxide synthase activities in kainic acid mediated excitotoxicity in rat brain. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2014;11(5):48-53.
  • Aktas I, Yahyazadeh A. Protective potential of misoprostol against kidney alteration via alleviating oxidative stress in rat following exposure to paclitaxel. Tissue Cell. 2022;79:101966.
  • Tufek NH, Yahyazadeh A, Altunkaynak BZ. Protective effect of indole-3-carbinol on testis of a high fat diet induced obesity. Biotech Histochem. 2023;98(1):1-12.
  • Kamojjala R, Bostrom B. Allopurinol to Prevent Mercaptopurine Adverse Effects in Children and Young Adults With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2021;43(3):95-100.
  • Birben E, Sahiner UM, Sackesen C, Erzurum S, Kalayci O. Oxidative stress and antioxidant defense. World Allergy Organ J. 2012;5(1):9-19.
  • He P, Talukder MAH, Gao F. Oxidative Stress and Microvessel Barrier Dysfunction. Front Physiol. 2020;11:472.
  • Zhu L, He P. fMLP-stimulated release of reactive oxygen species from adherent leukocytes increases microvessel permeability. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2006;290(1):H365-72.
  • Unsal V, Cicek M, Sabancilar I. Toxicity of carbon tetrachloride, free radicals and role of antioxidants. Rev Environ Health. 2021;36(2):279-95.
  • Hanukoglu I. Antioxidant protective mechanisms against reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by mitochondrial P450 systems in steroidogenic cells. Drug Metab Rev. 2006;38(1-2):171-96.
  • Hasegawa M, Wilson G, Russell LD, Meistrich ML. Radiation-induced cell death in the mouse testis: relationship to apoptosis. Radiat Res. 1997;147(4):457-67.
  • Govindappa PK, Joladarashi D, Hallur RLS, Sanganal JS, Phani AR. Toxicity evaluation of 6-mercaptopurine-Chitosan nanoparticles in rats. Saudi Pharm J. 2020;28(1):147-54.
  • Xuan H, Li Z, Yan H, Sang Q, Wang K, He Q, et al. Antitumor Activity of Chinese Propolis in Human Breast Cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 Cells. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2014;2014:280120.
  • Demir S, Aliyazicioglu Y, Turan I, Misir S, Mentese A, Yaman SO, et al. Antiproliferative and proapoptotic activity of Turkish propolis on human lung cancer cell line. Nutr Cancer. 2016;68(1):165-72.
  • Soleimani D, Miryan M, Hadi V, Gholizadeh Navashenaq J, Moludi J, Sayedi SM, et al. Effect of propolis supplementation on athletic performance, body composition, inflammation, and oxidative stress following intense exercise: A triple-blind randomized clinical trial. Food Sci Nutr. 2021;9(7):3631-40.
There are 24 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Brain and Nerve Surgery (Neurosurgery)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ahmad Yahyazadeh 0000-0002-6093-3588

Early Pub Date July 1, 2024
Publication Date July 5, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 25 Issue: 1

Cite

EndNote Yahyazadeh A (July 1, 2024) Alteration of Sublingual Gland after Exposure to 6-Mercaptopurine in Male Rat: Potential Efficacy of Propolis. Meandros Medical And Dental Journal 25 1 12–18.