Detection of Staphylococcus Aureus by Aptamer-Gated MCM-41 Nanoparticles

Year 2025, Volume: 26 Issue: 1, 12 - 18, 20.03.2025

Samet Uçak

https://doi.org/10.69601/meandrosmdj.1591566

Abstract

Objective: With their excellent specificity, sensitivity, and speed of detection, aptamer-gated nanoparticles are a potential method for detecting Staphylococcus aureus. These techniques have been effectively used on a variety of actual samples, indicating their promise for real-world uses in environmental monitoring, clinical diagnostics, and food safety.
Materials and Methods: MCM-41 nanoparticles were characterized using DLS, SEM and FTIR techniques. Reference strains S. aureus, S. epidermidis, Escherichia coli were used. After the synthesis of fluorescence-loaded silica-coated MCM-41 nanoparticles, fluorescence release experiments were performed using dialysis membrane.
Results: The particle size of MCM-41 nanoparticles was determined to be 192±1.782 nm According to BET analysis, the MCM-41 particles had a specific surface area of 1019.37 m2/g, a pore size of 2.42 nm, and a pore volume of 0.99 cm3 g. It was determined that MCM-41 nanoparticles were nano-sized, had a narrow size distribution, and were smooth, amorphous and spherical in shape. MCM-41 nanoparticles were functionalized by amino groups via APTES reaction. FT-IR analysis was performed to determine the correct conjugation. Typical bands at 690 and 1460 nm, which correspond to N-H bending vibrations and N-H asymmetric bending vibrations, respectively, emerged following amino grafting. Fluorescein-loaded silica particles with conjugate aptamer and target bacteria S. aureus showed maximum release. In addition, It was determined that approximately 70% fluorescein release occurred in 6 hours. At detection limits as low as 164 CFU/mL in PBS, rapid and sensitive detection of S. aureus was obtained.
Conclusion: The proposed biosensor offers several advantages, including rapid response times, high sensitivity, and specificity for S. aureus detection. Future studies will probably concentrate on increasing the technologies' sensitivity, decreasing detection times, and broadening their range of applications.

Keywords

Aptamer, Biosensor, MCM-41 nanoparticle, S. aureus, Specific detection.

Staphylococcus aureus'un Aptamer Kapılı MCM-41 Nanopartikülleri ile Tespiti

Abstract

Amaç: Aptamer kapılı nanopartiküller, çok spesifik, hassas ve hızlı tespit edilebilmeleri nedeniyle Staphylococcus aureus tespiti için olası bir yoldur.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: MCM-41 nanopartikülleri, DLS, SEM ve FTIR teknikleri kullanılarak karakterize edilmiştir. Referans suşlar olarak S. aureus, S. epidermidis ve Escherichia coli kullanılmıştır. Floresan yüklü silika kaplı MCM-41 nanopartiküllerinin sentezinin ardından, floresan salım deneyleri diyaliz membranı kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Bulgular: MCM-41 nanopartiküllerinin partikül boyutu 192 ± 1.782 nm olarak belirlenmiştir. BET analizi, MCM-41 partiküllerinin 1019.37 m²/g’lik spesifik yüzey alanına, 2.42 nm genişliğinde gözeneklere ve 0.99 cm³/g’lik malzeme tutma kapasitesine sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. MCM-41 nanopartiküllerinin nano boyutta olduğu, dar bir boyut dağılımına sahip olduğu ve düzgün, amorf ve küresel bir yapıda olduğu belirlenmiştir. MCM-41 nanopartikülleri, APTES reaksiyonu ile amino grupları ile fonksiyonelleştirilmiştir. FT-IR analizi, doğru konjugasyonun gerçekleştiğini doğrulamak için yapılmıştır. Amino asitlerin eklenmesinden sonra 690 nm ve 1460 nm'de tipik bantlar gözlemlenmiştir. Bu bantlar sırasıyla N–H bükülme titreşimlerine ve N–H asimetrik bükülme titreşimlerine karşılık gelmektedir. Florescein yüklü silika partikülleri, aptamer ve hedef bakteri S. aureus ile konjuge edildiğinde maksimum salım gerçekleşmiştir. Ayrıca, yaklaşık %70 oranında fluorescein salımı 6 saat içinde gerçekleşmiştir. Bu yöntem ile S. aureus, 164 CFU/mL gibi düşük bir tespit sınırında, hızlı ve doğru bir şekilde tespit edilebilmiştir.
Sonuç: Önerilen biyosensör, hızlı yanıt süresi, yüksek hassasiyet ve S. aureus tespiti için yüksek özgüllük gibi birçok avantaja sahiptir. Gelecekteki çalışmalar, bu teknolojilerin hassasiyetini artırmaya, tespit süresini azaltmaya ve uygulama alanlarını genişletmeye odaklanacaktır.

Keywords

Aptamer, Biyosensör, MCM-41 nanopartikül, S. aureus, Spesifik tespit.

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