Beta 2 microglobulin levels are higher in Coronary Slow Flow Phenomenon

Year 2020, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 144 - 149, 12.07.2020

Özge özcan Abacıoğlu Mehmet Kaplan

https://doi.org/10.30565/medalanya.681055

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Aim: To examine the association between plasma levels of β-2 microglobulin (β-2M), a protein previously associated with atherosclerosis, and the presence of coronary slow flow phenomenon (CSFP). 

Material and Methods: 124 subjects who admitted to cardiology outpatient clinic with chest pain and directed to coronary angiography were investigated. Sixty-six of them had healthy coronary arteries and the others coronary slow flow. Venous blood samples were obtained to determine β-2M levels. TIMI frame count (TFC) was used to assess the classification of slow flow.

Results: Patients with coronary slow flow had higher levels of β-2M levels than healthy controls (2042.0 ± 660.2 and 1692.7 ± 403.4 ng / mL respectively) and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). β-2M levels were positively correlated with TFC (r=0.262, p= 0.003). Although groups were different in terms of β-2M, LDL and total cholesterol, Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated stronger predictive value of β-2M compared to LDL or total cholesterol in predicting the presence of CSF in our study population (area under curve [AUC] 0.748, 0.632 and 0.581; p<0.001, p=0.025 and p= 0.061 respectively). 

Conclusion: High serum β-2M levels can be used as a biomarker to evaluate the slow flow.

Keywords

beta 2 microglobulin, coronary slow flow, predictive,

Yüksek beta-2 mikroglobulin düzeyleri koroner yavaş akım fenomeni için öngördürücü olabilir

Abstract

Amaç: Bu yazının amacı, daha önce ateroskleroz ile ilişkili olduğu saptanan bir protein olan β-2 mikroglobulin (β-2M) plazma seviyeleri ile koroner yavaş akım varlığı arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. 

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Göğüs ağrısı ile kardiyoloji polikliniğine başvuran ve koroner anjiyografiye yönlendirilen 124 olgu incelendi. 66'sında normal koroner arterler, diğerlerinde koroner yavaş akım vardı. β-2M seviyesini belirlemek için venöz kan örneklerinden elde edilen plazma numuneleri toplandı. Yavaş akım sınıflandırmasını değerlendirmek için TIMI kare sayısı (TFC) kullanıldı. 

Bulgular: Koroner yavaş akımlı hastalarda beta-2 mikroglobulin düzeyleri sağlıklı kontrollere göre (sırasıyla 2042.0 ± 660.2 ve 1692.7 ± 403.4 ng / mL) daha yüksekti ve fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlıydı (p < 0.001 ). β-2M düzeyleri TFC ile pozitif korelasyon gösterdi (r= 0.262, p = 0,003). Gruplar β-2M, LDL ve total kolesterol açısından farklılık gösterse de, işlem karakteristik eğrisi (ROC) analizi, çalışma popülasyonumuzda koroner yavaş akım varlığını tahmin etmede LDL ve total kolesterole kıyasla β-2M'nin daha güçlü öngörücü değerini göstermiştir (ROC eğrisinin altında kalan alan [AUC] 0.632, 0.581 ve 0.748; p=0.025, p=0.061 ve p<0.001 sırasıyla).

Sonuç: Yüksek serum beta-2 mikroglobulin düzeyleri yavaş akım varlığını değerlendirmek için bir biyobelirteç olarak kullanılabilir.

Keywords

Koroner Yavaş Akım,, Beta-2 Mikroglobulin,, öngördürücü,

References

• 1. Wang X, Nie SP. The coronary slow flow phenomenon: characteristics, mechanisms and implications. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther. 2011;1(1):37-43. doi: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-3652.2011.10.01
• 2. Movahed MR. Coronay slow flow: Electrophysiologic evidence of ischemia? Anatol J Cardiol. 2015;15(6):468.  doi: 10.5152/akd.2015.15587
• 3. Ekrikpo UE, Effa EE, Akpan EE et al. Clinical Utility of Urinary β2-Microglobulin in Detection of Early Nephropathy in African Diabetes Mellitus Patients Int J Nephrol. 2017;2017:4093171. doi: 10.1155/2017/4093171
• 4. Chen H, Li H. Clinical Implication of Cystatin C and β2-Microglobulin in Early Detection of Diabetic Nephropathy. Clin Lab. 2017;63(2):241-247. doi: 10.7754/Clin.Lab.2016.160719
• 5. Ballew SH, Matsushita K. Cardiovascular Risk Prediction in CKD. Semin Nephrol 2018;38(3): 208-16 doi: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2018.02.002
• 6. Amighi J, Hoke M, Mlekusch W et al. Beta 2 microglobulin and the risk for cardiovascular events in patients with asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis. Stroke. 2011;42(7):1826-33. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.600312.
• 7. Gibson CM, Cannon CP, Daley WL et.al. TIMI frame count: a quantitative method of assessing coronary artery flow. Circulation. 1996;93(5):879-88. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.93.5.879.
• 8. Chaudhry MA, Smith M, Hanna EB et al. Diverse Spectrum of Presentation of Coronary Slow Flow Phenomenon: A Concise Review of the Literature. Cardiology Research and Practice. 2012;2012:383181. doi: 10.1155/2012/383181.
• 9. Sanghvi S,Mathur R,Baroopal A et al. Clinical, demographic, risk factor and angiographic profile of coronary slow flow phenomenon: A single centre experience Indian Heart J. 2018;70(Suppl 3): S290–S294. doi: 10.1016/j.ihj.2018.06.001
• 10. Hawkins BM, Stavrakis S, Rousan TA et al. Coronary Slow Flow – Prevalence and Clinical Correlations. Cic J. 2012;76(4):936-42. doi: 10.1253/circj.cj-11-0959
• 11. Zhu X, Shen H, Gao F et al. Clinical Profile and Outcome in Patients with Coronary Slow Flow Phenomenon. Cardiol Res Pract. 2019,7;2019:9168153. doi: 10.1155/2019/9168153.
• 12. You L, Xie R, Hu H. High levels of serum β2-microglobulin predict severity of coronary artery disease. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2017;17:71. doi: 10.1186/s12872-017-0502-9 13. Ucgun T, Basar C, Memisogulları R et al. Seum visfatin and omentin levels in coronary slow flow. Rev Port Cardiol. 2014;33(12):789-94. doi: 10.1016/j.repc.2014.04.007
• 14. Ye MF, Zhao ZW, Luo YK et al. Elevated endocan concentration is associated with coronary slow flow. Scand J Lab Invest. 2016;76(5):345-8.  doi: 10.1080/00365513.2016.1177853
• 15. Caglar IM, Ozde C, Biyik I. Association between soluble lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 levels and coronary slow flow phenomenon. Arch Med Sci. 2016;12(1):31-7. doi: 10.5114/aoms.2015.51412.
• 16. Zhao ZW, Ren YG, Liu J. Low serum adropin levels are associated with coronary slow flow phenomenon. Acta Cardiol Sin. 2018;34(4):307-12. doi: 10.6515/ACS.201807_34(4).20180306B
• 17. Bjerrum OW, Nissen MH, Borregaard N. Neutrophil beta-2 microglobulin: an inflammatory mediator. Scand J Immunol 1990;32:233-242 . doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.1990. tb02916.
• 18. Yang J, Qian J, Wezeman M, Wang S, Lin P, Wang M, Yaccoby S, Kwak LW, Barlogie B, Yi Q. Targeting beta2-microglobulin for induction of tumor apoptosis in human hematological malignancies. Cancer Cell 2006;10:295-307. PMID: 17045207
• 19. Zissis M, Afroudakis A, Galanopoulos G, Palermos L, Boura X, Michopoulos S, Archimandritis A. B2 microglobulin: is it a reliable marker of activity in inflammatory bowel disease? Am J Gastroenterol 2001; 96:2177-2183 doi: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2001.03881.x]
• 20. Kim HA, Jeon JY, Yoon JM, Suh CH. Beta 2-microglobulin can be a disease activity marker in systemic lupus erythematosus. Am J Med Sci 2010;339:337-340 doi: 10.1097/MAJ.0b013e3181d26dfb]
• 21. Munshi NC, Anderson KC, Bergsagel PL, et al. Consensus recommendations for risk stratification in multiple myeloma: report of the International Myeloma Workshop Consensus Panel 2. Blood 2011;117:4696-700. doi:10.1182/blood-2010-10-300970
• 22. Hagberg H, Killander A, Simonsson B. Serum beta 2-microglobulin in malignant lymphoma. Cancer 1983;51:2220-5. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142 (19830615)51::aid-cncr2820511212>3.0.co;2-a
• 23. Shi C, Zhu Y, Su Y, Chung LW, Cheng T. Beta2-microglobulin: emerging as a promising cancer therapeutic target. Drug Discov Today 2009;14:25-30. doi: 10.1016/j.drudis.2008.11.001