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Year 2019, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 12 - 26, 30.01.2019

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References

  • Abreu, M. H., Pereira, R., Buschmann, A. H., Sousa-Pinto, I., Yarish, C. (2011) Nitrogen uptake responses of Gracilaria vermiculophylla (Ohmi) Papenfuss under combined and single addition of nitrate and ammonium. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 40, 190-199Aknaf, A., Akodad, M., Moumen, A., Chekroun, K. B., Elhamouti, C., Bailal, A., Baghour M. (2015) Impact of the new pass on the eutrophication of the lagoon Marchica: Study of the two sites Bou Areg and Mohandis. Journal of Material and Environmental Science 6 (10): 2939-2943.Allison, E. H., Ellis, F. (2001) The livelihoods approach and management of small-scale fisheries. Marine policy 25(5), 377-388.Ang P. O. J. (2004) Asian pacific phycology in the 21st centruy: prospects and challenges, Hydrobiologia 512.Asaeda, T., Sultana, M., Manatunge, J., Fujino, T. (2004). The effect of epiphytic algae on the growth and production of Potamogeton perfoliatus L. in two light conditions. Environmental and Experimental Botany 52(3), 225-238.Baluyut, E. A., & Balnyme, E. (1995). Aquaculture systems and practices: a selected review. Daya Books.Bell, S. S. (1991) Amphipods as insect equivalents? An alternative view. Ecology 72, 350-354.Belton, B., Little, D. C. (2011). Immanent and Interventionist Inland Asian Aquaculture Development and its outcomes. Development Policy Review 29(4), 459-484.Ben Chekroun, K., Moumen, A., Rezzoum, N. (2013) Role of macroalgae in biomonitoring of pollution in «Marchica», the Nador lagoon. Phyton (Buenos Aires), 82 (1), 31-34.Béné, C., Macfadyen, G., Allison, E. H. (2007). Increasing the contribution of small-scale fisheries to poverty alleviation and food security (No. 481). Food & Agriculture Organisation. Béné, C., Arthur, R., Norbury, H., Allison, E. H., Beveridge, M., Bush, S., Thilsted, S. H. (2016). Contribution of fisheries and aquaculture to food security and poverty reduction: assessing the current evidence. World Development 79, 177-196.Borlongan, I. A. G., Tibudos K. R., Yunque D. A. T., Hurtado A. Q., Critchley, A. T. (2011) Impact of AMPEP on the growth and occurrence of epiphytic Neosiphonia infestation on two varieties of commercially cultivated Kappaphycus alvarezii grown at different depths in the Philippines. Journal of Applied Phycology 23, 615–621.Brummett R, Gockowski J., Pouomogne V., Muir J. (2011). Targeting agricultural research and extension for food security and poverty alleviation: A case study of fish farming in Central Cameroon Food Policy 36(6), 805-814.
  • Buschmann, A. H., Mora O. A., Gomez P. Bdttger, M., Buitano S., Retamales, C., Vergara, P. A. , Gutierrez A (1994) Gracilaria chilenvis outdoor cultivation in Chile: use of land-based salmon culture effluents. Aquaculture Engineering 13, 283-300.Buschmann, A. H., Westermeier, R., Retamales, C. A. (1995) Cultivation of Gracilaria on the Sea Bottom in Southern Chile: A Review. Journal of Applied Phycology 7, 291–301.Buschmann, A. H., Correa, J. A., Westermeier, R., Hernandez-Gonzalez, M. C., Norambuena, R. ( 200). Red algal farming in Chile: a review. Aquaculture 194, 203–220. Capo, T. R., Jaramillo, J. C., Boyd, A. E., Lapointe, B. E., Serafy, J. E. (1999) Sustained high yields of Gracilaria (Rhodophyta) grown in intensive large-scale culture. Journal of Applied Phycology 11, 143–147.Carney, L. T., Lane, T. W. (2014). Parasites in algae mass culture. Frontiers in microbiology 5, 278.Castaños, M., & Buendia, R. (1998). Farming techniques for seaweeds. SEAFDEC Asian Aquaculture, 20(1), 14-19.Chudnoff, M. (1980). Tropical timbers of the world. Forest products Lab Madison WI. Chuenpagdee, R. (Ed.). (2011). World small-scale fisheries: contemporary visions. Eburon Uitgeverij BV.Chung, I. K., Kang, Y. H., Yarish, C., Kraemer, G. P., Lee, J. A. (2002) Application of seaweed cultivation to the bioremediation of nutrient-rich effluent. Algae 17, 187–194.Drummond, H. (2017). Distribution and Biomass of Epiphytic Seaweeds on the Kelp Ecklonia Maxima (Osbeck) Papenfuss, and the Potential Effects of Two Kelp-harvesting Methods in the Western Cape (Doctoral dissertation, University of Cape Town).Duffy, J. E., Hax M. E. (1991) Amphipods are not all created equal: A reply to Bell. Ecology 72, 354-358.Edmondson, C. H. (1953) Response of marine borers to chemically treated woods and other products. Bishop Museum Press.FAO (2014) Fisheries and Aquaculture Information and Statistics Service - 16/03/2014.Fei, X. (2004). Solving the coastal eutrophication problem by large scale seaweed cultivation. In Asian Pacific Phycology in the 21st Century: Prospects and Challenges (pp. 145-151). Springer, Dordrecht.Gonzalez, M. A., Barrales, H. L., Candia, A., Cid, L. (1993) Special and Temporal Distribution of Dominant Epiphytes on Gracilaria from a Natural Subtidal Bed in Central_Southern Chile. Aquaculture 116,135–148.
  • Gorman, L., Kraemer, G. P., Yarish, C., Boo, S. M., Kim, J. K. (2017) The effects of temperature on the growth and nitrogen content of Gracilaria vermiculophylla and Gracilaria tikvahiae from LIS, USA. Algae 32, 57-66.Hauxwell, J., McClelland, J., Behr, P. J., Valiela, I. (1998) Relative importance of grazing and nutrient controls of macroalgal biomass in three temperate shallow estuaries. Estuaries 21(2), 347-360. Hehre, E. J., Meeuwig, J. J. (2016) A global analysis of the relationship between farmed seaweed production and herbivorous fish catch. PloS one 11(2), e0148250.Hill N., Rowcliffe J. M., Koldewey H. J., Milner-Gulland E. J. (2011) The Interaction between Seaweed Farming as an Alternative Occupation and Fisher Numbers in the Central Philippines. Conservation Biology 26, 324–334. Hurtado A. Q., Agbayani R. F., Sanares R., Castro-Mallare M. T. R. (2001) The seasonality and economic feasibility of cultivating Kappaphycus alvarezii in Panagatan Cays, Caluya, Antique, Philippines. Aquaculture 199, 295–310.Israel, A., Einav, R., Seckbach, J. (Eds.). (2010). Seaweeds and their role in Globally Changing Environments (Vol. 15). Springer Science & Business Media.Jørgensen, S. E. (Ed.). (2009). Applications in ecological engineering. Academic Press.Kim, J. K., Yarish, C., Pereira, R. (2016) Tolerances to hypoosmotic and temperature stresses in native and invasive species of Gracilaria (Rhodophyta). Phycologia 55, 257- 264Kim, J. K., Yarish, C., Hwang, E. K., Park, M., Kim, Y. (2017) Seaweed aquaculture: cultivation technologies, challenges and its ecosystem services. Algae 32(1), 1-13.Lüning, K., Pang, S.J. (2003) Mass Cultivation of Seaweed: Current Aspects and Approaches. Journal of Applied Phycology 15, 115–119.Lyimo, T. J., Mvungi, E. F., Lugomela, C., Björk, M. (2006). Seagrass biomass and productivity in Seaweed and Non-Seaweed Farming areas in the East Coast of Zanzibar. Western Indian Ocean Journal of Marine Science, 5(2), 141-152.Marroig, R., Reis, R. P. (2011) Does biofouling influence Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty ex Silva farming production in Brazil? Journal of Applied Phycology 23, 925–931.Matoir, M., Belabed, A., Najih, M., Kada, O., Rezzoume N. (2015) Surrounding influence on the Ecological state of the lagoon of Marchica. Journal of Material and Environmental Science 6 (5), 1260-1265McLachlan, J., Bird, C. J. (1986). Gracilaria (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) and productivity. Aquatic Botany, 26 27-49.Msuya, F. E., Salum, D. (2011). Effect of the presence of seagrass and nutrients on growth rates of farmed Kappaphycus alvarezii and Eucheuma denticulatum (Rhodophyta). Western Indian Ocean Journal of Marine Science 10(2), 129-135.Msuya, F. E. (2013). Effects of stocking density and additional nutrients on growth of the commercially farmed seaweeds Eucheuma denticulatum and Kappaphycus alvarezii in Zanzibar Tanzania. Tanzania Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 4 (1), 605-612Quayle, D. B. (1992). Marine wood borers in British Columbia (Vol. 115). Canadian Government Pub Centre.Pizarro, A. (1986) Conocimiento Actual y Avances Recientes Sobre el Manejo y Cultivo Gracilaria en Chile, Monogr. Biol. 4, 63–96.Raikar, S. V., Iima, M., Fujita, Y. (2001a) Effect of temperature, salinity and light intensity on the growth of Gracilaria spp. Gracilariales. Rhodophyta, 98-104. Raikar, S. V., Ima, M., Fujita, Y. (2001b). Effects of temperature, salinity and light intensity on the growth of Gracilaria spp. (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) from Japan, Malaysia and India. Indian Journal of Marine Science 30, 98-104.Rejeki, S., Ariyati, R. W., Widowati, L. L., Bosma, R. H. (2018). The effect of three cultivation methods and two seedling types on growth, agar content and gel strength of Gracilaria verrucosa. The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research 44(1), 65-70.Santelices, B., Fonck, E. (1979). Ecologia y Cultivo de Gracilaria lemaneiformis en Chile Central, Actas Sobre el Primer Symposium Sobre Algas Marinas Chilenas. Santelices, B., Ed., Subsecretaria de Pesca. Ministerio de Economia Fomento y Reconstruccion. Santiago, Chile. pp. 165–200.Santelices, B., Westermeier, R., Bobadilla, M., 1993. Effects of stock loading and planting distance on the growth and production of Gracilaria chilensis in rope culture. Journal of Applied Phycology 5, 517–524.Seghetta, M., Tørring, D., Bruhn, A., Thomsen, M. (2016). Bioextraction potential of seaweed in Denmark—An instrument for circular nutrient management. Science of the Total Environment 563, 513-529.Sievanen, L., Crawford, B., Pollnac, R., Lowe, C. (2005) Weeding through assumptions of livelihood approaches in ICM: Seaweed farming in the Philippines and Indonesia. Ocean & Coastal Management 48, 297–313. Titlyanov, E. A., Titlyanova, T. V. (2010). Seaweed cultivation: methods and problems. Russian Journal of Marine Biology 36(4), 227-242.
  • Turan, G., Neori, A. (2010). Intensive Sea weed aquaculture: a potent solution against global warming. In Seaweeds and their Role in Globally Changing Environments (pp. 357-372). Springer, Dordrecht.Valderrama, D. (2012). Social and economic dimensions of seaweed farming: a global review. IIFET Tanzania Proceedings. https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/xmlui/handle/1957/33886.Xiao, X., Agusti, S., Lin, F., Li, K., Pan, Y., Yu, Y. , Duarte, C. M. (2017). Nutrient removal from Chinese coastal waters by large-scale seaweed aquaculture. Scientific Reports, 7, 46613.Weinberger, F., Buchholz, B., Karez, R., Wahl, M. (2008) The invasive red alga Gracilaria vermiculophylla in the Baltic Sea: adaptation to brackish water may compensate for light limitation. Aquatic Biology 3, 251-264.Westermeier, R., Gomez I., Rivera, P. (1993). Suspended Farming of Gracilaria chilensis (Rhodophyta) at Carquilda River, Maullin, Chile. Aquaculture 113, 215–229.Yang, Y. F., Fei, X. G., Song, J. M., Hu, H. Y., Wang, G. C., Chung, I. K. (2006). Growth of Gracilaria lemaneiformis under different cultivation conditions and its effects on nutrient removal in Chinese coastal waters. Aquaculture 254(1-4), 248-255.Yarish, C., Redmond, S., Kim, J. K. (2012). Gracilaria culture handbook for New England.Yokoya, N. S., Hirotaka, K., Obika, H. & Litamura, T. (1999) Effects of environmental factors and plant growth regulators on growth of the red alga Gracilaria vermiculophylla from Shikoku Island, Japan. Hydrobiologia 398/399, 339- 347.

Opportunities for the development of seaweed farming as a supplementary income for small-scale fishermen in Nador lagoon: Experimental cultivations of Gracilaria gracilis (Stackhouse)

Year 2019, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 12 - 26, 30.01.2019

Abstract

The development of seaweed farming in Nador lagoon (NE Morocco,
Mediterranean Sea) offers the best hope for raising incomes in fishing
communities. The feasibility of growing red seaweed, Gracilaria
gracilis
 (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) in off-bottom and floating
longline systems was investigated in Bouareg location. Several constraints such
as epiphytism and wood borers arose in off-bottom cultures. The weight gains of G. gracilis in off-bottom cultures
tested in winter, were low. The lowest daily growth rate (DGR) was recorded in
sheet-lines (1.91 % day-1p < 0.01) while the highest’s RGR
were observed in net-lines and ropes-lines (2.72 and 2.77 % day-1 respectively, p < 0.01). Plants of G. gracilis grew well in the floating
longline culture tested at spring. The weight growth rates ranged between 2.54
and 4.26 % day-1. The highest growth
rate in Nador lagoon was observed in treatment stocked with 0.6 kg m-2. The high stocking density (0.8 kg m-2) leaded to low growth most probably due
to stress on the seaweed when competing for space and resources. Over a 60-day
cycle, the harvest of G. gracilis cultivated
on floating longline system in Nador lagoon was estimated at about 101 t FWT ha-1 year-1.
With 8:1 as wet to dry ratio, the production yield per cropping was estimated
at 3,156 kg (DW) per ha. However, the total sales per year was estimated at
about $ 6,564 per ha. The Gracilaria farming
may provide supplementary income to artisanal farmers in Nador lagoon
  

References

  • Abreu, M. H., Pereira, R., Buschmann, A. H., Sousa-Pinto, I., Yarish, C. (2011) Nitrogen uptake responses of Gracilaria vermiculophylla (Ohmi) Papenfuss under combined and single addition of nitrate and ammonium. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 40, 190-199Aknaf, A., Akodad, M., Moumen, A., Chekroun, K. B., Elhamouti, C., Bailal, A., Baghour M. (2015) Impact of the new pass on the eutrophication of the lagoon Marchica: Study of the two sites Bou Areg and Mohandis. Journal of Material and Environmental Science 6 (10): 2939-2943.Allison, E. H., Ellis, F. (2001) The livelihoods approach and management of small-scale fisheries. Marine policy 25(5), 377-388.Ang P. O. J. (2004) Asian pacific phycology in the 21st centruy: prospects and challenges, Hydrobiologia 512.Asaeda, T., Sultana, M., Manatunge, J., Fujino, T. (2004). The effect of epiphytic algae on the growth and production of Potamogeton perfoliatus L. in two light conditions. Environmental and Experimental Botany 52(3), 225-238.Baluyut, E. A., & Balnyme, E. (1995). Aquaculture systems and practices: a selected review. Daya Books.Bell, S. S. (1991) Amphipods as insect equivalents? An alternative view. Ecology 72, 350-354.Belton, B., Little, D. C. (2011). Immanent and Interventionist Inland Asian Aquaculture Development and its outcomes. Development Policy Review 29(4), 459-484.Ben Chekroun, K., Moumen, A., Rezzoum, N. (2013) Role of macroalgae in biomonitoring of pollution in «Marchica», the Nador lagoon. Phyton (Buenos Aires), 82 (1), 31-34.Béné, C., Macfadyen, G., Allison, E. H. (2007). Increasing the contribution of small-scale fisheries to poverty alleviation and food security (No. 481). Food & Agriculture Organisation. Béné, C., Arthur, R., Norbury, H., Allison, E. H., Beveridge, M., Bush, S., Thilsted, S. H. (2016). Contribution of fisheries and aquaculture to food security and poverty reduction: assessing the current evidence. World Development 79, 177-196.Borlongan, I. A. G., Tibudos K. R., Yunque D. A. T., Hurtado A. Q., Critchley, A. T. (2011) Impact of AMPEP on the growth and occurrence of epiphytic Neosiphonia infestation on two varieties of commercially cultivated Kappaphycus alvarezii grown at different depths in the Philippines. Journal of Applied Phycology 23, 615–621.Brummett R, Gockowski J., Pouomogne V., Muir J. (2011). Targeting agricultural research and extension for food security and poverty alleviation: A case study of fish farming in Central Cameroon Food Policy 36(6), 805-814.
  • Buschmann, A. H., Mora O. A., Gomez P. Bdttger, M., Buitano S., Retamales, C., Vergara, P. A. , Gutierrez A (1994) Gracilaria chilenvis outdoor cultivation in Chile: use of land-based salmon culture effluents. Aquaculture Engineering 13, 283-300.Buschmann, A. H., Westermeier, R., Retamales, C. A. (1995) Cultivation of Gracilaria on the Sea Bottom in Southern Chile: A Review. Journal of Applied Phycology 7, 291–301.Buschmann, A. H., Correa, J. A., Westermeier, R., Hernandez-Gonzalez, M. C., Norambuena, R. ( 200). Red algal farming in Chile: a review. Aquaculture 194, 203–220. Capo, T. R., Jaramillo, J. C., Boyd, A. E., Lapointe, B. E., Serafy, J. E. (1999) Sustained high yields of Gracilaria (Rhodophyta) grown in intensive large-scale culture. Journal of Applied Phycology 11, 143–147.Carney, L. T., Lane, T. W. (2014). Parasites in algae mass culture. Frontiers in microbiology 5, 278.Castaños, M., & Buendia, R. (1998). Farming techniques for seaweeds. SEAFDEC Asian Aquaculture, 20(1), 14-19.Chudnoff, M. (1980). Tropical timbers of the world. Forest products Lab Madison WI. Chuenpagdee, R. (Ed.). (2011). World small-scale fisheries: contemporary visions. Eburon Uitgeverij BV.Chung, I. K., Kang, Y. H., Yarish, C., Kraemer, G. P., Lee, J. A. (2002) Application of seaweed cultivation to the bioremediation of nutrient-rich effluent. Algae 17, 187–194.Drummond, H. (2017). Distribution and Biomass of Epiphytic Seaweeds on the Kelp Ecklonia Maxima (Osbeck) Papenfuss, and the Potential Effects of Two Kelp-harvesting Methods in the Western Cape (Doctoral dissertation, University of Cape Town).Duffy, J. E., Hax M. E. (1991) Amphipods are not all created equal: A reply to Bell. Ecology 72, 354-358.Edmondson, C. H. (1953) Response of marine borers to chemically treated woods and other products. Bishop Museum Press.FAO (2014) Fisheries and Aquaculture Information and Statistics Service - 16/03/2014.Fei, X. (2004). Solving the coastal eutrophication problem by large scale seaweed cultivation. In Asian Pacific Phycology in the 21st Century: Prospects and Challenges (pp. 145-151). Springer, Dordrecht.Gonzalez, M. A., Barrales, H. L., Candia, A., Cid, L. (1993) Special and Temporal Distribution of Dominant Epiphytes on Gracilaria from a Natural Subtidal Bed in Central_Southern Chile. Aquaculture 116,135–148.
  • Gorman, L., Kraemer, G. P., Yarish, C., Boo, S. M., Kim, J. K. (2017) The effects of temperature on the growth and nitrogen content of Gracilaria vermiculophylla and Gracilaria tikvahiae from LIS, USA. Algae 32, 57-66.Hauxwell, J., McClelland, J., Behr, P. J., Valiela, I. (1998) Relative importance of grazing and nutrient controls of macroalgal biomass in three temperate shallow estuaries. Estuaries 21(2), 347-360. Hehre, E. J., Meeuwig, J. J. (2016) A global analysis of the relationship between farmed seaweed production and herbivorous fish catch. PloS one 11(2), e0148250.Hill N., Rowcliffe J. M., Koldewey H. J., Milner-Gulland E. J. (2011) The Interaction between Seaweed Farming as an Alternative Occupation and Fisher Numbers in the Central Philippines. Conservation Biology 26, 324–334. Hurtado A. Q., Agbayani R. F., Sanares R., Castro-Mallare M. T. R. (2001) The seasonality and economic feasibility of cultivating Kappaphycus alvarezii in Panagatan Cays, Caluya, Antique, Philippines. Aquaculture 199, 295–310.Israel, A., Einav, R., Seckbach, J. (Eds.). (2010). Seaweeds and their role in Globally Changing Environments (Vol. 15). Springer Science & Business Media.Jørgensen, S. E. (Ed.). (2009). Applications in ecological engineering. Academic Press.Kim, J. K., Yarish, C., Pereira, R. (2016) Tolerances to hypoosmotic and temperature stresses in native and invasive species of Gracilaria (Rhodophyta). Phycologia 55, 257- 264Kim, J. K., Yarish, C., Hwang, E. K., Park, M., Kim, Y. (2017) Seaweed aquaculture: cultivation technologies, challenges and its ecosystem services. Algae 32(1), 1-13.Lüning, K., Pang, S.J. (2003) Mass Cultivation of Seaweed: Current Aspects and Approaches. Journal of Applied Phycology 15, 115–119.Lyimo, T. J., Mvungi, E. F., Lugomela, C., Björk, M. (2006). Seagrass biomass and productivity in Seaweed and Non-Seaweed Farming areas in the East Coast of Zanzibar. Western Indian Ocean Journal of Marine Science, 5(2), 141-152.Marroig, R., Reis, R. P. (2011) Does biofouling influence Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty ex Silva farming production in Brazil? Journal of Applied Phycology 23, 925–931.Matoir, M., Belabed, A., Najih, M., Kada, O., Rezzoume N. (2015) Surrounding influence on the Ecological state of the lagoon of Marchica. Journal of Material and Environmental Science 6 (5), 1260-1265McLachlan, J., Bird, C. J. (1986). Gracilaria (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) and productivity. Aquatic Botany, 26 27-49.Msuya, F. E., Salum, D. (2011). Effect of the presence of seagrass and nutrients on growth rates of farmed Kappaphycus alvarezii and Eucheuma denticulatum (Rhodophyta). Western Indian Ocean Journal of Marine Science 10(2), 129-135.Msuya, F. E. (2013). Effects of stocking density and additional nutrients on growth of the commercially farmed seaweeds Eucheuma denticulatum and Kappaphycus alvarezii in Zanzibar Tanzania. Tanzania Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 4 (1), 605-612Quayle, D. B. (1992). Marine wood borers in British Columbia (Vol. 115). Canadian Government Pub Centre.Pizarro, A. (1986) Conocimiento Actual y Avances Recientes Sobre el Manejo y Cultivo Gracilaria en Chile, Monogr. Biol. 4, 63–96.Raikar, S. V., Iima, M., Fujita, Y. (2001a) Effect of temperature, salinity and light intensity on the growth of Gracilaria spp. Gracilariales. Rhodophyta, 98-104. Raikar, S. V., Ima, M., Fujita, Y. (2001b). Effects of temperature, salinity and light intensity on the growth of Gracilaria spp. (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) from Japan, Malaysia and India. Indian Journal of Marine Science 30, 98-104.Rejeki, S., Ariyati, R. W., Widowati, L. L., Bosma, R. H. (2018). The effect of three cultivation methods and two seedling types on growth, agar content and gel strength of Gracilaria verrucosa. The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research 44(1), 65-70.Santelices, B., Fonck, E. (1979). Ecologia y Cultivo de Gracilaria lemaneiformis en Chile Central, Actas Sobre el Primer Symposium Sobre Algas Marinas Chilenas. Santelices, B., Ed., Subsecretaria de Pesca. Ministerio de Economia Fomento y Reconstruccion. Santiago, Chile. pp. 165–200.Santelices, B., Westermeier, R., Bobadilla, M., 1993. Effects of stock loading and planting distance on the growth and production of Gracilaria chilensis in rope culture. Journal of Applied Phycology 5, 517–524.Seghetta, M., Tørring, D., Bruhn, A., Thomsen, M. (2016). Bioextraction potential of seaweed in Denmark—An instrument for circular nutrient management. Science of the Total Environment 563, 513-529.Sievanen, L., Crawford, B., Pollnac, R., Lowe, C. (2005) Weeding through assumptions of livelihood approaches in ICM: Seaweed farming in the Philippines and Indonesia. Ocean & Coastal Management 48, 297–313. Titlyanov, E. A., Titlyanova, T. V. (2010). Seaweed cultivation: methods and problems. Russian Journal of Marine Biology 36(4), 227-242.
  • Turan, G., Neori, A. (2010). Intensive Sea weed aquaculture: a potent solution against global warming. In Seaweeds and their Role in Globally Changing Environments (pp. 357-372). Springer, Dordrecht.Valderrama, D. (2012). Social and economic dimensions of seaweed farming: a global review. IIFET Tanzania Proceedings. https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/xmlui/handle/1957/33886.Xiao, X., Agusti, S., Lin, F., Li, K., Pan, Y., Yu, Y. , Duarte, C. M. (2017). Nutrient removal from Chinese coastal waters by large-scale seaweed aquaculture. Scientific Reports, 7, 46613.Weinberger, F., Buchholz, B., Karez, R., Wahl, M. (2008) The invasive red alga Gracilaria vermiculophylla in the Baltic Sea: adaptation to brackish water may compensate for light limitation. Aquatic Biology 3, 251-264.Westermeier, R., Gomez I., Rivera, P. (1993). Suspended Farming of Gracilaria chilensis (Rhodophyta) at Carquilda River, Maullin, Chile. Aquaculture 113, 215–229.Yang, Y. F., Fei, X. G., Song, J. M., Hu, H. Y., Wang, G. C., Chung, I. K. (2006). Growth of Gracilaria lemaneiformis under different cultivation conditions and its effects on nutrient removal in Chinese coastal waters. Aquaculture 254(1-4), 248-255.Yarish, C., Redmond, S., Kim, J. K. (2012). Gracilaria culture handbook for New England.Yokoya, N. S., Hirotaka, K., Obika, H. & Litamura, T. (1999) Effects of environmental factors and plant growth regulators on growth of the red alga Gracilaria vermiculophylla from Shikoku Island, Japan. Hydrobiologia 398/399, 339- 347.
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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Hydrobiology
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Jawad Kassila 0000-0001-7419-5654

Hassan Nhhala This is me

Thierry Givernaud This is me

Mahdi Monsouri This is me

Azzedine Abrehouch This is me

Abdelhakim Mosfioui This is me

Publication Date January 30, 2019
Submission Date October 9, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 2 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Kassila, J., Nhhala, H., Givernaud, T., Monsouri, M., et al. (2019). Opportunities for the development of seaweed farming as a supplementary income for small-scale fishermen in Nador lagoon: Experimental cultivations of Gracilaria gracilis (Stackhouse). Mediterranean Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, 2(1), 12-26. https://doi.org//medfar.v2i42937.468834

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