Research Article

EMPLOYMENT AND STATUS OF WOMEN IN THE PRESS SECTOR WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE VISUAL COMMUNICATION DESIGN DISCIPLINE

Volume: 9 Number: 1 April 30, 2026
EN

EMPLOYMENT AND STATUS OF WOMEN IN THE PRESS SECTOR WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE VISUAL COMMUNICATION DESIGN DISCIPLINE

Abstract

Visual communication design is a broad discipline encompassing the processes of visualizing and conveying information, and the press sector constitutes one of the most established application areas of this discipline. This study aims to examine the employment patterns and hierarchical representation of women working in visual communication design-focused roles and general publishing processes within the press sector (newspapers, magazines, and online news sites) in Turkey. The study employs a descriptive research model based on secondary data analysis. The study's population consists of all periodicals operating in Turkey, while the sample comprises personnel statistics reflected in the data from the Turkish Statistical Institute (TÜİK) and the Press Advertisement Agency (BİK) between 2020 and 2024. The collected data were categorized and analyzed based on key variables such as educational status, professional titles, and administrative authority levels. The research results show that while female representation reaches a certain level in technical roles where visual communication design practices are intensive, the proportion of women decreases significantly when it comes to higher decision-making positions in the hierarchical structure. Despite possessing qualified education levels at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels, female employees have been found to lag behind their male colleagues in management positions and areas such as holding press cards, which are indicators of professional prestige. This situation, exacerbated by the general contraction in the press sector, reveals that female employees face a "glass ceiling" in their careers and that their competencies in visual communication are not fully reflected in hierarchical positions.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Communication and Media Studies (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Publication Date

April 30, 2026

Submission Date

February 4, 2026

Acceptance Date

April 17, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 9 Number: 1

APA
Birol, E. (2026). EMPLOYMENT AND STATUS OF WOMEN IN THE PRESS SECTOR WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE VISUAL COMMUNICATION DESIGN DISCIPLINE. Uluslararası Medya Ve İletişim Araştırmaları Hakemli Dergisi, 9(1), 108-130. https://izlik.org/JA47KG65KN
AMA
1.Birol E. EMPLOYMENT AND STATUS OF WOMEN IN THE PRESS SECTOR WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE VISUAL COMMUNICATION DESIGN DISCIPLINE. MEDIAJ. 2026;9(1):108-130. https://izlik.org/JA47KG65KN
Chicago
Birol, Emel. 2026. “EMPLOYMENT AND STATUS OF WOMEN IN THE PRESS SECTOR WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE VISUAL COMMUNICATION DESIGN DISCIPLINE”. Uluslararası Medya Ve İletişim Araştırmaları Hakemli Dergisi 9 (1): 108-30. https://izlik.org/JA47KG65KN.
EndNote
Birol E (April 1, 2026) EMPLOYMENT AND STATUS OF WOMEN IN THE PRESS SECTOR WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE VISUAL COMMUNICATION DESIGN DISCIPLINE. Uluslararası Medya ve İletişim Araştırmaları Hakemli Dergisi 9 1 108–130.
IEEE
[1]E. Birol, “EMPLOYMENT AND STATUS OF WOMEN IN THE PRESS SECTOR WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE VISUAL COMMUNICATION DESIGN DISCIPLINE”, MEDIAJ, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 108–130, Apr. 2026, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA47KG65KN
ISNAD
Birol, Emel. “EMPLOYMENT AND STATUS OF WOMEN IN THE PRESS SECTOR WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE VISUAL COMMUNICATION DESIGN DISCIPLINE”. Uluslararası Medya ve İletişim Araştırmaları Hakemli Dergisi 9/1 (April 1, 2026): 108-130. https://izlik.org/JA47KG65KN.
JAMA
1.Birol E. EMPLOYMENT AND STATUS OF WOMEN IN THE PRESS SECTOR WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE VISUAL COMMUNICATION DESIGN DISCIPLINE. MEDIAJ. 2026;9:108–130.
MLA
Birol, Emel. “EMPLOYMENT AND STATUS OF WOMEN IN THE PRESS SECTOR WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE VISUAL COMMUNICATION DESIGN DISCIPLINE”. Uluslararası Medya Ve İletişim Araştırmaları Hakemli Dergisi, vol. 9, no. 1, Apr. 2026, pp. 108-30, https://izlik.org/JA47KG65KN.
Vancouver
1.Emel Birol. EMPLOYMENT AND STATUS OF WOMEN IN THE PRESS SECTOR WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE VISUAL COMMUNICATION DESIGN DISCIPLINE. MEDIAJ [Internet]. 2026 Apr. 1;9(1):108-30. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA47KG65KN