Where Should We Focus in Emergency Orbital Trauma?

Abstract

Aim: To describe the most common findings in orbital trauma and to support radiologic decision making by comparing them in 7 pathology regions. Material and Methods: A total of 190 patients (119 males and 71 females) participated in the study. Orbital injury pathologies were documented and compared in seven regions. The most typical results of orbital tomography were determined. Binominal regression analysis was also performed for each trauma region. Results: 190 orbital CT scans showed 13.7% orbital bone fractures (n=26), 7.9% bulbus pathology (n=15), 2.6% vitreous pathology (n=5), 2.1% extraocular muscle pathology (n=4), and 6.3% (n=13) retrobulbar pathology. The most common globe pathologies were lens displacement and globe rupture. Retrobulbar fat plane changes (4.2% n=8) were the most common pathology in the region. Periorbital edema was the most common periorbital disease in 86.3% of cases (n=164). When evaluated using cross-tabulations between the seven pathologic regions, the relationship between bone pathology and retrobulbar area and between globe and vitreous was statistically significant (p<0.05). In binominal regression analyses, 5 trauma models were significant and showed more than 80 percent success in predicting trauma location (p<0.05). Conclusion: Orbital fractures and pathologies of the retrobulbar space, globe and vitreous are interrelated. Radiologists should be familiar with orbital fracture patterns, potential soft tissue injuries and ocular anomalies and should be able to evaluate the relationship between pathologies.

Keywords

• orbital traumas
• orbital tomography
• computed tomography
• prevalence

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