Second Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation in Acute Leukemia with Post-Transplantation Relapse

Year 2023, Volume: 5 Issue: 3, 455 - 9, 18.09.2023

Zeynep Tuğba Güven , Serhat Çelik , Bülent Eser , Mustafa Çetin , Ali Ünal , Leylagül Kaynar

https://doi.org/10.37990/medr.1259944

Abstract

Aim: It is known that the prognosis of acute leukemia patients who relapse after the first allogeneic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is dismal. Our goal was to assess the value of a second allogeneic stem cell transplant in acute leukemia patients who experienced post-transplant recurrence.
Material and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data from 29 patients with relapsing acute leukemia who underwent a second ASCT. Nineteen patients with acute myeloid leukemia and ten patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia were included in the study.
Results: Ten AML patients and 10 ALL patients were included in the study. Most patients (62%) were in remission before the second transplantation. The median time between the first and second ASCT was 11.9 months (3.1-42 months). Complete remission (CR) was achieved after the second ASCT in 21 (72%) patients, and 11 (52%) patients relapsed after the second ASCT. During this analysis, six patients (21%) were alive and in remission. Relapse of the disease was the leading cause of mortality. After the second ASCT, overall survival (OS) was 6.34 months, and leukemia-free survival (LFS) was 13.8 months.
Conclusion: For patients with acute leukemia who relapsed after the first ASCT, a second ASCT is a good option and can keep patients alive.

Keywords

Post transplantation relapse, second transplantation, acute leukemia

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