Forced Migration over the Longue Durée: Land, Displacement, and Restitution in Eastern Anatolia, 1858-2015

Year 2017, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 117 - 134, 01.06.2017

Matthew Goldman

https://doi.org/10.12738/mejrs.2017.2.1.0108

Abstract

Researchers in forced migration studies usually focus on current crises and tend to adopt relatively short timeframes for case studies. And yet, studying cases within narrow timeframes can obscure important underlying issues impacting conflict, flight, return, and restitution of housing, land, and property HLP . This article argues that using broad time frames and paying closer attention to temporal effects can help us identify underlying causal mechanisms impacting forced migration. It presents a case study of problems affecting return and restitution of HLP in southeast Turkey. Adopting a long-term time frame, it argues that the mode of incorporating local elites into state legal institutions from the beginning of cadastral modernization from the mid-19th century to the present day have created long-term structural problems in land tenure that not only provoke conflict and flight, but also complicate restitution of HLP.

Keywords

Methodology, Restorative justice, Cadastral modernization, Property rights

Longue Durée Boyunca Zorunlu Göç: 1858-2015 Arasında Doğu Anadolu’da Toprak, Yerinden Edilme ve Tazmin

Abstract

Zorunlu göç konusunda araştırma yapanlar genellikle mevcut krizlere odaklanırlar ve vaka analizlerinde nispeten kısa zaman dilimlerini seçme eğilimi gösterirler. Ancak, kısa zaman aralıklarındaki vakaları ele almak çatışma, ayrılma, geri dönme ile konutun, arazinin ve mülkün tazminini etkileyen önemli temel konuları belirsizleştirebilir. Bu makale, geniş zaman dilimlerine odaklanıp geçici etkilere daha az dikkat gösterildiğinde zorunlu göçü etkileyen nedensel mekanizmaların daha kolay belirlenebileceğini iddia etmektedir. Bu çalışma Güneydoğu Anadolu’da konutun, arazinin ve mülkün tazminini ve geri dönüşü etkileyen problemlere yönelik bir vaka incelemesidir. Uzun bir zaman dilimini seçerek 19. yüzyılın ortalarındaki tapu kadastro modernizasyonunun başlangıcından günümüze kadar yerel seçkinlerin devletin yasal kurumlarına dâhil edilme biçiminin arazi kullanımında uzun vadeli yapısal sorunların yanında çatışma, topraktan kopma; konutun, arazinin ve mülkün tazminini karmaşıklaştıran sorunlar yarattığını savunmaktadır.

Keywords

Metodoloji, Onarıcı adalet, Tapu kadastro modernizasyonu, Mülkiyet hakkı

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