Politika Tavsiyelerinde Adalet Konusundaki Çıkarlar: Suriye Mülteci Krizi Üzerine Felsefi Bir Yaklaşım

Year 2017, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 183 - 200, 01.12.2017

Georgiana Turculet

Abstract

Yakın tarihte yaşanan Suriye mülteci krizi, mültecilerin ve sığınmacıların statülerine ve haklarına ilişkin kuram boyutu henüz az gelişmiş göç yasası konusunda bir tartışma başlattı. UNHCR tahminlerine göre Türkiye, Suriye’de çatışmalar başladıktan sonra, bir ülkenin sınırları içerisinde dünyadaki en fazla sayıdaki mülteciyi 2,5 milyon civarında barındırıyor. Buna mukabil, bu kimselerin hiçbirisi yasal düzlemde mülteci olarak tanınmamıştır. 1951 Cenevre Sözleşmesi’ne imza atan devletlerinden biri olarak Türkiye, hâlâ “coğrafi sınırlamalar” uygulamakta, Avrupa dışından gelen sığınmacılara mülteci statüsü vermeyip onlara “geçici koruma” statüsü sağlamaktadır. Bu makale, Suriye olayının devletlerin mültecileri geldikleri bölge unsuru içinde tutmak üzere önlemler aldıkları tipik bir “tasarlanmış bölgecilik” örneği olduğunu ileri sürmektedir. Bütün bu önlemler, felsefi bir okumayla, doğrudan doğruya mültecilerin yaşamları üzerinde, dolaylı olarak da vatandaşlar üzerinde olumsuz etkilere sahiptir.

Keywords

Mülteciler • Normatif kuram • Göç yasası • Türkiye • Koruma

Interests over Justice in Policy Recommendations: A Philosophical Approach on the Syrian Refugee Crisis

Abstract

The recent Syrian refugee crisis opened up a debate on the under-theorized issue of migration law regarding the status and the rights of refugees and asylum seekers. According to UNHCR estimates, Turkey has, since the conflict in Syria begun, accommodated the most conspicuous number of refugees in the world around 3 million within its jurisdictional boundaries. Yet, none of them have been recognized legally as refugees. Turkey, one of the signatory states of the 1951 Geneva Convention, still applies “geographical limitations;” that is, it does not grant refugee status to non-European asylum seekers, but rather extends to them a status of “temporary protection.” This paper argues that the Syrian case is a typical case of “engineered regionalism,” according to which states take measures to keep refugees in their region of origin. All such measures, by a philosophical reading, have pernicious implications directly for the lives of refugees and indirectly for citizens themselves.

Keywords

Refugees • Normative theory • Migration law • Turkey • Protection

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