Göç Sağlığına Disiplinlerarası Bir Bakış

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 7 - 23, 26.12.2023

Celil Akdoğmuş

Abstract

Menşe ülkelerinde yaşanan çeşitli problemlerden dolayı her sene binlerce kişi göç etmektedir. Özü itibari ile plansız bir şekilde gelişen bu göç hareketleri göçmenlerin göç öncesinde, göç süresince ve göç sonrasında çeşitli sağlık problemleri ile karşı karşıya kalmalarına sebep olmaktadır. Bu problemler, kimi zaman göç sürecindeki doğal etkenlerden kaynaklı iken kimi zaman da hedef ülkenin yerel düzenlemelerinden veya buradaki sosyal, ekonomik ve kültürel yapısından kaynaklanmaktadır. Yaşanan bu problemleri en aza indirmek amacı ile uluslararası düzenlemelerde çeşitli hükümlere yer verilmişse de araştırmalar göçmenlerin sırf insan olmaları hasebi ile hak ettikleri sağlık hakkına ulaşmada çeşitli engellerle karşılaştıklarını göstermektedir.

Bu çalışmanın amacı özellikle göçmen sağlığı olarak da bilinen göç sağlığını hem sosyolojik hem de hukuki bağlamda öz bir şekilde ortaya koymaktır. Bu kapsamda çalışmada ilk olarak sağlık kavramından ve sağlık hakkından bahsedilecek, sağlık kavramına ilişkin klasikleşmiş “fiziksel sağlık” çıkarımının doğru olmadığı, aslolarak sağlık kavramından ne anlaşılması gerektiği üzerine durulacaktır. Çalışmanın devamında sağlık hakkı göç bağlamında değerlendirilecektir. Burada çeşitli veriler üzerinden göçmenlerin ikamet ettikleri ülkeye ne tür kazanımlar sağladıklarından bahsedilecektir. Sonrasında göçmenlerin hem toplum hem de ilgili devlet tarafından maruz kaldıkları ötekileştirme politikaları ve bu politikaların sonuçları kısaca zikredilecektir. Son olarak ise göçmenlerin sağlık hakkının çeşitli uluslararası düzenlemelerde nasıl kaleme alındığı üzerine durulacaktır.

Keywords

Göç, göç sağlığı, göçmen, sağlık hakkı, uluslararası insan hakları hukuku

IMMIGRATION HEALTH and INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW

Abstract

Thousands of people migrate every year due to various problems in their countries of origin. These unplanned migration movements essentially lead immigrants to encounter various health problems before, during, and after migration. While these problems are sometimes caused by natural factors in the migration process, at times they arise from the local regulations of the destination country or the social, economic, and cultural structure of the destination country. Despite various provisions included in international regulations to minimize these problems, research shows that immigrants face various obstacles in accessing the health rights they deserve simply because they are human.

The aim of this study is to provide a concise sociological and legal overview of immigration health, also known as immigrant health. In this context, the study will firstly address the concept of health and the right to health, emphasizing that the conventional interpretation of "physical health" in relation to the concept of health is incorrect and clarifying what should be understood from the concept of health. The study will then explore the right to health in the context of migration, discussing the contributions immigrants make to their host countries through various data. Subsequently, it will briefly address the marginalization policies imposed on immigrants by both society and the relevant state, as well as the outcomes of these policies. Finally, the focus will be on how the right to health of immigrants is enshrined in various international regulations.

Keywords

Migration, immigration health, immigrant, right to health, international human rights law

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