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Exploring Leisure Constraints of Syrian Refugees in Türkiye

Year 2024, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 29 - 55, 28.06.2024

Abstract

One of the neglected aspects of Syrian refugees' lives is leisure, and its positive role in adaptation and integration. In this study, employing the model of leisure constraints proposed by Crawford et al. (1991) as a framework, we examine the leisure constraints that Syrian refugees face in their daily lives in Türkiye. The data for this study comes from 47 in-depth interviews with Syrian refugees living in Istanbul in the three months before the 2023 presidential election. We found many examples representing each category of leisure constraints proposed by the framework, including constraints specific to Syrian refugees. The findings point to the influence of social class on leisure preferences and participation, and the power dynamics that can lead to the creation of hierarchies regarding leisure between Syrian and Turkish communities.

References

  • AFAD (2013), Türkiye’deki Suriyeli Sığınmacılar, 2013 Saha Araştırması Sonuçları. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Başbakanlık, Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı: Ankara.
  • Ager, A., & Strang, A. (2008). Understanding integration: A conceptual framework. Journal of Refugee Studies, 21(2), 166–191. https://doi:10.1093/jrs/fen016
  • Altuntaş, O., Azizoğlu, V., & Davis, J. A. (2021). Exploring the occupational lives of Syrians under temporary protection in Turkey. Australian Occupational Therapy Journal, 68(5), 434–443. https://doi.org/10.1111/1440-1630.12756
  • AMNESTY (2014), Hayatta Kalma Mücadelesi Türkiye’deki Suriye’den Gelen Mülteciler, Uluslararası Af örgütü Yayınları, Londra. https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/ eur44/017/2014/tr/
  • Auster, C. J. (2001). Transcending Potential Antecedent Leisure Constraints: The Case of Women Motorcycle Operators. Journal of Leisure Research, 33(3), 272–298. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/00222216.2001.11949942
  • Baban, F., Ilcan, S., & Rygiel, K. (2017). Syrian refugees in Turkey: Pathways to precarity, differential inclusion, and negotiated citizenship rights. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 43(1), 41–57. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2016.1192996
  • Bahadır Türk, H. (2024). Populist Nationalism and Anti-refugee Sentiment in Turkey: The Case of the Victory Party. Nationalism and Ethnic Politics, 30(2), 271-295.
  • Baktır, Z. (2021). Hedonic consumption practices of the disadvantaged and their well-being outcomes: A multimethod research on Syrian refugees in Turkey [PhD Thesis]. Bilkent University. Best, S. (2010). Leisure studies: Themes and perspectives (1st ed.). Sage.
  • Çakir, M. (2019). Geçici barınma merkezlerindeki Suriyeli mültecilerin boş zaman davranışları [Master’s Thesis]. Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü.
  • Cantekin, D. (2019). Syrian Refugees Living on the Edge: Policy and Practice Implications for Mental Health and Psychosocial Wellbeing. International Migration, 57(2), 200–220. https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.12508
  • Çelik, Ç., & White, H. (2022). Forced Migration and Protection: Turkey’s Domestic Responses to the Syrian Refugees. European Review, 30(3), 353–373.
  • Crawford, D. W., & Godbey, G. (1987). Reconceptualizing barriers to family leisure. Leisure Sciences, 9(2), 119–127.
  • Elitok, S. P. (2019). Three years on: An evaluation of the EU-Turkey refugee deal. MİREKOÇ Yayınları, 3. Erdoğan, M. M. (2020). “Securitization from Society” and “Social Acceptance”: Political Party-Based Approaches in Turkey to Syrian Refugees. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, 17(68), 73–92.
  • Erdoğan, M. M. (2022). SYRIANS BAROMETER. https://www.researchgate. net/profile/M-Murat-Erdogan/publication/367009588_Syrians_Barometer- SB-2021-ENG-MMErdogan-30122022/links/63bdf17f097c7832caa6ed57/Syrians-Barometer- SB-2021-ENG-MMErdogan-30122022.pdf
  • Eres, F., & Aslan, F. (2017). Analysis of Leisure Time Activities of Syrian Children in Turkey as an Adaptation Process. Journal of Education and Practice, 8(15), 76–84.
  • Ertorer, S. E. (2021). Asylum regimes and refugee experiences of precarity: The case of Syrian refugees in Turkey. Journal of Refugee Studies, 34(3), 2568–2592.
  • Godbey, G., Crawford, D. W., & Shen, X. S. (2010). Assessing Hierarchical Leisure Constraints Theory after Two Decades. Journal of Leisure Research, 42(1), 111–134. https://doi. org/10.1080/00222216.2010.11950197
  • Henderson, K. A. (2020). Feminist leisure studies: Origins, accomplishments and prospects. In Routledge handbook of leisure studies (pp. 26–39). Routledge. https://www.taylorfrancis. com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003074717-5/feminist-leisure-studies-karla-henderson
  • Horolets, A. (2012). Migrants’ leisure and integration. Polskie Forum Migracyjne II” Institute of Public Affairs Report, 27.
  • İsa, U., & Ceylan, A. (2019). Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’ne yönelen kitlesel göç hareketleri ve kabul mekanizmasındaki yaklaşımlara ilişkin bir inceleme: 1989 Bulgaristan, 1991 Irak ve 2011 Suriye göçleri. Yakın Dönem Türkiye Araştırmaları, 36, 199–221.
  • Kaplan, K. (2023). Recreation Needs of Syrian Asylum Seekers in Turkey And The Possibility Of Meeting Those Needs. In International Research in Social, Humanities and Administrative Sciences (1st ed., pp. 151–176). Platanus Publishing. 53
  • Kaya, E., Kiliç, C., Çaman, Ö. K., & Üner, S. (2019). Posttraumatic stress and depression among Syrian refugees living in Turkey: Findings from an urban sample. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 207(12), 995–1000.
  • Memisoglu, F., & Ilgit, A. (2017). Syrian refugees in Turkey: Multifaceted challenges, diverse players and ambiguous policies. Mediterranean Politics, 22(3), 317–338.
  • Michaelson, R. (2023, May 24). Ultranationalist leader backs Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu for Turkish presidency. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/may/24/ultranationalist- leader-backs-kemal-klcdaroglu-for-turkish-presidency
  • Michaelson, R., & Narlı, D. B. (2023, May 28). Turkish opposition stirs up anti-immigrant feeling in attempt to win presidency. The Observer. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/ may/28/turkey-election-candidates-eye-surge-of-nationalism-before-runoff-vote
  • Murat, M. E., & Papakonstantis, M. (2022). Turkey as a Partner and Challenge for European Security, Migration and Asylum. CATS. https://www.uikpanorama.com/wp-content/ uploads/2022/01/CATS-Migration-and-Asylum_final.pdf
  • Ndofor-Tah, C., Strang, A., Phillimore, J., Morrice, L., Michael, L., Wood, P., & Simmons, J. (2019). Indicators of integration framework 2019. OGL: Home Office Migration and Border Analysis Unit.
  • Ozduzen, O. (2020). ‘We are not Arabs and Taksim is ours’ YouTubed political agency, place-making and social exclusion of Syrians. City, 24(5–6), 741–758.
  • Ozduzen, O., Korkut, U., & Ozduzen, C. (2021). ‘Refugees are not welcome’: Digital racism, online place-making and the evolving categorization of Syrians in Turkey. New Media & Society, 23(11), 3349–3369.
  • Peters, K. (2011). Living together in multi-ethnic neighbourhoods: The meaning of public spaces for issues of social integration. Wageningen University and Research. https://search. proquest.com/openview/5ecab3ec5823e9eb2bd0256fc21dc7de/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl= 2026366&diss=y Purrington, A., & Hickerson, B. (2013). Leisure as a cross-cultural concept. World Leisure Journal, 55(2), 125–137.
  • Quirke, L. (2015). Searching for Joy: The Importance of Leisure in Newcomer Settlement. Journal of International Migration and Integration, 16(2), 237–248. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s12134-014-0388-7
  • Rojek, C. (2005). Leisure Theory. Palgrave Macmillan UK. https://doi. org/10.1057/9780230505117
  • Şafak-Ayvazoğlu, A., Kunuroglu, F., & Yağmur, K. (2021). Psychological and socio-cultural adaptation of Syrian refugees in Turkey. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 80, 99–111.
  • Samdahl, D. M., & Jekubovich, N. J. (1997). A Critique of Leisure Constraints: Comparative Analyses and Understandings. Journal of Leisure Research, 29(4), 430–452. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/00222216.1997.11949807
  • Sezginalp Özçetin, P., & Rottmann, S. B. (2022). (Lived) Spaces of Belonging, Culture, and Gender: Spatial Practices of Home for Syrian Women in Istanbul. Space and Culture, 12063312221089213.
  • Shahzeidi, M. (2021). The influence of leisure on the quality of life of refugees in Turkey [PhD Thesis]. Electronic version published by Vancouver Island University.
  • Shaw, S. M., & Henderson, K. A. (2005). Gender analysis and leisure constraints: An uneasy alliance,[in:] EL Jackson (ed.), Constraints to leisure. Venture Publishing, Inc, State Colledge, Pensylvania.
  • Stack, J. A., & Iwasaki, Y. (2009). The role of leisure pursuits in adaptation processes among Afghan refugees who have immigrated to Winnipeg, Canada. Leisure Studies, 28(3), 239– 259.
  • Stodolska, M. (1998). Assimilation and leisure constraints: Dynamics of constraints on leisure in immigrant populations. Journal of Leisure Research, 30(4), 521–551.
  • Stodolska, M. (2000). Changes in leisure participation patterns after immigration. Leisure Sciences, 22(1), 39–63.
  • Stodolska, M. (2015). Leisure, ethnicity, race and migrations. In World Leisure Journal (Vol. 57, Issue 3, pp. 168–172). Taylor & Francis.
  • Stodolska, M., & Livengood, J. S. (2006). The influence of religion on the leisure behavior of immigrant Muslims in the United States. Journal of Leisure Research, 38(3), 293–320.
  • Sunata, U., & Güngördü, F. N. (2024). (Non-state) actors in internal bordering and differential inclusion: Syrian refugees’ housing experience in Turkey. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2024.2344684 55
  • Subaşi, S. (2021). Non-formal learning participation as leisure for Syrian refugee women in Turkey. In Women, leisure and tourism: Self-actualization and empowerment through the production and consumption of experience (pp. 92–103). CABI Wallingford UK.
  • Syrians face deportation from Turkey over banana videos. (2021). Al Jazeera. Retrieved March 26, 2024, from https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/10/30/syrians-face-deportation- from-turkey-over-banana-videos Syrians worry over Turkey opposition’s anti-immigrant stance | Reuters. (2023). Retrieved April 30, 2024, from https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/anger-fear-among-syrians- amid-turkish-oppositions-anti-immigrant-campaign-2023-05-26/
  • TTB (2014), Suriyeli Sığınmacılar ve Sağlık Hizmetleri Raporu, Türk Tabipleri Birliği Yayınları, Ankara. Tarakcioglu, F., & Ciceklioglu, M. (2022). Syrian migrant women’s participation in social activities: The case of Izmir. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 86, 85–94.
  • UNHCR Turkey—Fact Sheet February 2022 [EN/TR]—Türkiye | ReliefWeb. (2022). Retrieved December 18, 2022, from https://reliefweb.int/report/turkey/unhcr-turkey-fact-sheetfebruary- 2022-entrf
  • Walseth, K., & Amara, M. (2017). Islam and Leisure. In K. Spracklen, B. Lashua, E. Sharpe, & S. Swain (Eds.), The Palgrave Handbook of Leisure Theory (pp. 19–34). Palgrave Macmillan UK. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-56479-5_2
  • Yaman, A. (2016). Suriyeli sosyal sermayenin inşası ve yeniden üretim sürecinin sivil toplum ve ekonomik hayat alanlarında incelenmesi. Göç Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3, 94–127.
  • Yanasmayan, Z., Üstübici, A., & Kasli, Z. (2019). Under the shadow of civilizationist populist discourses. New Diversities, 21(2), 37–51.

Türkiye'deki Suriyeli Mültecilerin Boş Zaman Kısıtlarının Analizi

Year 2024, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 29 - 55, 28.06.2024

Abstract

Suriyeli mültecilerin yaşamlarının ihmal edilen yönlerinden biri de boş zaman faaliyetleri (leisure) ve bunların adaptasyon ve entegrasyondaki olumlu rolüdür. Bu çalışmada, Crawford ve diğerleri (1991) tarafından önerilen boş zaman kısıtlamaları modeli çerçeve alınarak, Suriyeli mültecilerin Türkiye'deki günlük yaşamlarında karşılaştıkları boş zaman kısıtlamalarını inceliyoruz. Bu çalışmanın verileri, 2023 Cumhurbaşkanlığı seçimlerinden öncesindeki üç aylık bir zaman diliminde, İstanbul'da yaşayan Suriyeli mültecilerle yapılan 47 derinlemesine görüşmeden elde edilmiştir. Suriyeli mültecilere özgü kısıtlamalar da dahil olmak üzere, model tarafından önerilen boş zaman kısıtlamalarının her kategorisini temsil eden birçok örnek bulunmuştur. Bulgular, sosyal sınıfın boş zaman tercihleri ve katılımı üzerindeki etkisine ve Türk toplumu ve Suriyeli mülteciler arasında boş zaman faaliyetleri alanında hiyerarşilerin oluşmasına yol açabilecek güç dinamiklerine işaret etmektedir.

References

  • AFAD (2013), Türkiye’deki Suriyeli Sığınmacılar, 2013 Saha Araştırması Sonuçları. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Başbakanlık, Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı: Ankara.
  • Ager, A., & Strang, A. (2008). Understanding integration: A conceptual framework. Journal of Refugee Studies, 21(2), 166–191. https://doi:10.1093/jrs/fen016
  • Altuntaş, O., Azizoğlu, V., & Davis, J. A. (2021). Exploring the occupational lives of Syrians under temporary protection in Turkey. Australian Occupational Therapy Journal, 68(5), 434–443. https://doi.org/10.1111/1440-1630.12756
  • AMNESTY (2014), Hayatta Kalma Mücadelesi Türkiye’deki Suriye’den Gelen Mülteciler, Uluslararası Af örgütü Yayınları, Londra. https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/ eur44/017/2014/tr/
  • Auster, C. J. (2001). Transcending Potential Antecedent Leisure Constraints: The Case of Women Motorcycle Operators. Journal of Leisure Research, 33(3), 272–298. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/00222216.2001.11949942
  • Baban, F., Ilcan, S., & Rygiel, K. (2017). Syrian refugees in Turkey: Pathways to precarity, differential inclusion, and negotiated citizenship rights. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 43(1), 41–57. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2016.1192996
  • Bahadır Türk, H. (2024). Populist Nationalism and Anti-refugee Sentiment in Turkey: The Case of the Victory Party. Nationalism and Ethnic Politics, 30(2), 271-295.
  • Baktır, Z. (2021). Hedonic consumption practices of the disadvantaged and their well-being outcomes: A multimethod research on Syrian refugees in Turkey [PhD Thesis]. Bilkent University. Best, S. (2010). Leisure studies: Themes and perspectives (1st ed.). Sage.
  • Çakir, M. (2019). Geçici barınma merkezlerindeki Suriyeli mültecilerin boş zaman davranışları [Master’s Thesis]. Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü.
  • Cantekin, D. (2019). Syrian Refugees Living on the Edge: Policy and Practice Implications for Mental Health and Psychosocial Wellbeing. International Migration, 57(2), 200–220. https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.12508
  • Çelik, Ç., & White, H. (2022). Forced Migration and Protection: Turkey’s Domestic Responses to the Syrian Refugees. European Review, 30(3), 353–373.
  • Crawford, D. W., & Godbey, G. (1987). Reconceptualizing barriers to family leisure. Leisure Sciences, 9(2), 119–127.
  • Elitok, S. P. (2019). Three years on: An evaluation of the EU-Turkey refugee deal. MİREKOÇ Yayınları, 3. Erdoğan, M. M. (2020). “Securitization from Society” and “Social Acceptance”: Political Party-Based Approaches in Turkey to Syrian Refugees. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, 17(68), 73–92.
  • Erdoğan, M. M. (2022). SYRIANS BAROMETER. https://www.researchgate. net/profile/M-Murat-Erdogan/publication/367009588_Syrians_Barometer- SB-2021-ENG-MMErdogan-30122022/links/63bdf17f097c7832caa6ed57/Syrians-Barometer- SB-2021-ENG-MMErdogan-30122022.pdf
  • Eres, F., & Aslan, F. (2017). Analysis of Leisure Time Activities of Syrian Children in Turkey as an Adaptation Process. Journal of Education and Practice, 8(15), 76–84.
  • Ertorer, S. E. (2021). Asylum regimes and refugee experiences of precarity: The case of Syrian refugees in Turkey. Journal of Refugee Studies, 34(3), 2568–2592.
  • Godbey, G., Crawford, D. W., & Shen, X. S. (2010). Assessing Hierarchical Leisure Constraints Theory after Two Decades. Journal of Leisure Research, 42(1), 111–134. https://doi. org/10.1080/00222216.2010.11950197
  • Henderson, K. A. (2020). Feminist leisure studies: Origins, accomplishments and prospects. In Routledge handbook of leisure studies (pp. 26–39). Routledge. https://www.taylorfrancis. com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003074717-5/feminist-leisure-studies-karla-henderson
  • Horolets, A. (2012). Migrants’ leisure and integration. Polskie Forum Migracyjne II” Institute of Public Affairs Report, 27.
  • İsa, U., & Ceylan, A. (2019). Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’ne yönelen kitlesel göç hareketleri ve kabul mekanizmasındaki yaklaşımlara ilişkin bir inceleme: 1989 Bulgaristan, 1991 Irak ve 2011 Suriye göçleri. Yakın Dönem Türkiye Araştırmaları, 36, 199–221.
  • Kaplan, K. (2023). Recreation Needs of Syrian Asylum Seekers in Turkey And The Possibility Of Meeting Those Needs. In International Research in Social, Humanities and Administrative Sciences (1st ed., pp. 151–176). Platanus Publishing. 53
  • Kaya, E., Kiliç, C., Çaman, Ö. K., & Üner, S. (2019). Posttraumatic stress and depression among Syrian refugees living in Turkey: Findings from an urban sample. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 207(12), 995–1000.
  • Memisoglu, F., & Ilgit, A. (2017). Syrian refugees in Turkey: Multifaceted challenges, diverse players and ambiguous policies. Mediterranean Politics, 22(3), 317–338.
  • Michaelson, R. (2023, May 24). Ultranationalist leader backs Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu for Turkish presidency. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/may/24/ultranationalist- leader-backs-kemal-klcdaroglu-for-turkish-presidency
  • Michaelson, R., & Narlı, D. B. (2023, May 28). Turkish opposition stirs up anti-immigrant feeling in attempt to win presidency. The Observer. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/ may/28/turkey-election-candidates-eye-surge-of-nationalism-before-runoff-vote
  • Murat, M. E., & Papakonstantis, M. (2022). Turkey as a Partner and Challenge for European Security, Migration and Asylum. CATS. https://www.uikpanorama.com/wp-content/ uploads/2022/01/CATS-Migration-and-Asylum_final.pdf
  • Ndofor-Tah, C., Strang, A., Phillimore, J., Morrice, L., Michael, L., Wood, P., & Simmons, J. (2019). Indicators of integration framework 2019. OGL: Home Office Migration and Border Analysis Unit.
  • Ozduzen, O. (2020). ‘We are not Arabs and Taksim is ours’ YouTubed political agency, place-making and social exclusion of Syrians. City, 24(5–6), 741–758.
  • Ozduzen, O., Korkut, U., & Ozduzen, C. (2021). ‘Refugees are not welcome’: Digital racism, online place-making and the evolving categorization of Syrians in Turkey. New Media & Society, 23(11), 3349–3369.
  • Peters, K. (2011). Living together in multi-ethnic neighbourhoods: The meaning of public spaces for issues of social integration. Wageningen University and Research. https://search. proquest.com/openview/5ecab3ec5823e9eb2bd0256fc21dc7de/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl= 2026366&diss=y Purrington, A., & Hickerson, B. (2013). Leisure as a cross-cultural concept. World Leisure Journal, 55(2), 125–137.
  • Quirke, L. (2015). Searching for Joy: The Importance of Leisure in Newcomer Settlement. Journal of International Migration and Integration, 16(2), 237–248. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s12134-014-0388-7
  • Rojek, C. (2005). Leisure Theory. Palgrave Macmillan UK. https://doi. org/10.1057/9780230505117
  • Şafak-Ayvazoğlu, A., Kunuroglu, F., & Yağmur, K. (2021). Psychological and socio-cultural adaptation of Syrian refugees in Turkey. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 80, 99–111.
  • Samdahl, D. M., & Jekubovich, N. J. (1997). A Critique of Leisure Constraints: Comparative Analyses and Understandings. Journal of Leisure Research, 29(4), 430–452. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/00222216.1997.11949807
  • Sezginalp Özçetin, P., & Rottmann, S. B. (2022). (Lived) Spaces of Belonging, Culture, and Gender: Spatial Practices of Home for Syrian Women in Istanbul. Space and Culture, 12063312221089213.
  • Shahzeidi, M. (2021). The influence of leisure on the quality of life of refugees in Turkey [PhD Thesis]. Electronic version published by Vancouver Island University.
  • Shaw, S. M., & Henderson, K. A. (2005). Gender analysis and leisure constraints: An uneasy alliance,[in:] EL Jackson (ed.), Constraints to leisure. Venture Publishing, Inc, State Colledge, Pensylvania.
  • Stack, J. A., & Iwasaki, Y. (2009). The role of leisure pursuits in adaptation processes among Afghan refugees who have immigrated to Winnipeg, Canada. Leisure Studies, 28(3), 239– 259.
  • Stodolska, M. (1998). Assimilation and leisure constraints: Dynamics of constraints on leisure in immigrant populations. Journal of Leisure Research, 30(4), 521–551.
  • Stodolska, M. (2000). Changes in leisure participation patterns after immigration. Leisure Sciences, 22(1), 39–63.
  • Stodolska, M. (2015). Leisure, ethnicity, race and migrations. In World Leisure Journal (Vol. 57, Issue 3, pp. 168–172). Taylor & Francis.
  • Stodolska, M., & Livengood, J. S. (2006). The influence of religion on the leisure behavior of immigrant Muslims in the United States. Journal of Leisure Research, 38(3), 293–320.
  • Sunata, U., & Güngördü, F. N. (2024). (Non-state) actors in internal bordering and differential inclusion: Syrian refugees’ housing experience in Turkey. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2024.2344684 55
  • Subaşi, S. (2021). Non-formal learning participation as leisure for Syrian refugee women in Turkey. In Women, leisure and tourism: Self-actualization and empowerment through the production and consumption of experience (pp. 92–103). CABI Wallingford UK.
  • Syrians face deportation from Turkey over banana videos. (2021). Al Jazeera. Retrieved March 26, 2024, from https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/10/30/syrians-face-deportation- from-turkey-over-banana-videos Syrians worry over Turkey opposition’s anti-immigrant stance | Reuters. (2023). Retrieved April 30, 2024, from https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/anger-fear-among-syrians- amid-turkish-oppositions-anti-immigrant-campaign-2023-05-26/
  • TTB (2014), Suriyeli Sığınmacılar ve Sağlık Hizmetleri Raporu, Türk Tabipleri Birliği Yayınları, Ankara. Tarakcioglu, F., & Ciceklioglu, M. (2022). Syrian migrant women’s participation in social activities: The case of Izmir. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 86, 85–94.
  • UNHCR Turkey—Fact Sheet February 2022 [EN/TR]—Türkiye | ReliefWeb. (2022). Retrieved December 18, 2022, from https://reliefweb.int/report/turkey/unhcr-turkey-fact-sheetfebruary- 2022-entrf
  • Walseth, K., & Amara, M. (2017). Islam and Leisure. In K. Spracklen, B. Lashua, E. Sharpe, & S. Swain (Eds.), The Palgrave Handbook of Leisure Theory (pp. 19–34). Palgrave Macmillan UK. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-56479-5_2
  • Yaman, A. (2016). Suriyeli sosyal sermayenin inşası ve yeniden üretim sürecinin sivil toplum ve ekonomik hayat alanlarında incelenmesi. Göç Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3, 94–127.
  • Yanasmayan, Z., Üstübici, A., & Kasli, Z. (2019). Under the shadow of civilizationist populist discourses. New Diversities, 21(2), 37–51.
There are 50 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Migrant Cultural Studies
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Emrah Yağmurlu 0000-0001-7767-3201

Nalan Turna 0000-0001-7511-609X

Publication Date June 28, 2024
Submission Date May 16, 2024
Acceptance Date June 10, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 9 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Yağmurlu, E., & Turna, N. (2024). Exploring Leisure Constraints of Syrian Refugees in Türkiye. Middle East Journal of Refugee Studies, 9(1), 29-55.